CN111995481A - Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues - Google Patents

Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111995481A
CN111995481A CN202010924985.2A CN202010924985A CN111995481A CN 111995481 A CN111995481 A CN 111995481A CN 202010924985 A CN202010924985 A CN 202010924985A CN 111995481 A CN111995481 A CN 111995481A
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fertilizer
accounting
compost
fermentation
total weight
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CN202010924985.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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宋维康
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Chengmai Nongbo Agricultural Development Co ltd
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Chengmai Nongbo Agricultural Development Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010924985.2A priority Critical patent/CN111995481A/en
Publication of CN111995481A publication Critical patent/CN111995481A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90Apparatus therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues, which comprises the following steps: A. crushing the edible fungus residues into particles of 1-2 mm, and crushing the straws into straw sections of 3-5 mm; B. mixing the edible fungus residues, the pig manure and the straws according to the weight ratio of 10:7:1, and performing first composting fermentation, wherein the initial water content is kept at 70-75 wt%; C. turning the compost when the temperature of the compost rises to 42 ℃, and turning the compost 3 times a day until the water content is reduced to 60 percent, and ending the first compost fermentation; D. adding humic acid accounting for 0.02-0.05% of the total weight of the fertilizer, potassium fertilizer accounting for 0.005-0.01%, phosphate fertilizer accounting for 0.005-0.01%, nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 0.025-0.03% and fermentation microbial inoculum accounting for 0.01-0.03% of the total weight of the fertilizer into the fertilizer, performing secondary compost fermentation, turning over the compost to keep the temperature at 50-55 ℃ until the water content is reduced to 30-35%, and finishing the secondary compost fermentation; E. drying and granulating the fertilizer to obtain the organic fertilizer. The invention can improve the defects of the prior art and improve the utilization rate of the organic raw materials.

Description

Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer, in particular to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues.
Background
The edible fungus dregs are waste materials in the production and processing process of edible fungi, are rich in various trace elements and proteins, and can cause environmental pollution if directly discarded. In order to make full use of the edible fungi, various methods for preparing fertilizers by using the edible fungi residues appear in the prior art. However, the preparation method in the prior art has low utilization rate of organic raw materials including edible fungus residues.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues, which can solve the defects of the prior art and improve the utilization rate of organic raw materials.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues comprises the following steps:
A. crushing the edible fungus residues into particles of 1-2 mm, and crushing the straws into straw sections of 3-5 mm;
B. mixing the edible fungus residues, the pig manure and the straws according to the weight ratio of 10:7:1, and performing first composting fermentation, wherein the initial water content is kept at 70-75 wt%;
C. turning the compost when the temperature of the compost rises to 42 ℃, and turning the compost 3 times a day until the water content is reduced to 60 percent, and ending the first compost fermentation;
D. adding humic acid accounting for 0.02-0.05% of the total weight of the fertilizer, potassium fertilizer accounting for 0.005-0.01%, phosphate fertilizer accounting for 0.005-0.01%, nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 0.025-0.03% and fermentation microbial inoculum accounting for 0.01-0.03% of the total weight of the fertilizer into the fertilizer, performing secondary compost fermentation, turning over the compost to keep the temperature at 50-55 ℃ until the water content is reduced to 30-35%, and finishing the secondary compost fermentation;
E. drying and granulating the fertilizer to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step D, humic acid accounting for 0.05 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, potassium fertilizer accounting for 0.01 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer accounting for 0.01 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 0.025 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer and zymophyte agent accounting for 0.02 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer are added into the fertilizer.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculum comprises arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, red bacillus citreus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and pseudoalteromonas in a weight ratio of 2:5:1: 1.
Preferably, in the step E, the drying process is kept at room temperature, and the water content of the fertilizer after drying is kept at 10-15%.
Preferably, the second composting fermentation and drying, granulation step is carried out in a fermentation tank; the fermentation cylinder is including a jar body, jar internal horizontal installation has stirring paddle leaf, the outside of jar body is fixed with the agitator motor who is connected with stirring paddle leaf, the top of the jar body is provided with air inlet pipeline and air outlet pipeline respectively, the support is installed to the bottom of the jar body, install the otter board on the support, the below hub connection of otter board has a plurality of baffles that are parallel to each other, the baffle passes through the belt and is connected with the upset motor, adjacent baffle sealing contact each other when the baffle is closed, install the spinning blade on the support, the spinning blade is located the below of baffle, the rotating electrical machines who is connected with the spinning blade is installed to the bottom of support, when the baffle turns over down along sliding contact under spinning blade and the baffle.
Preferably, the edge of the baffle plate, which is in contact with the rotary blade, is provided with a plurality of grooves, and one end, which is in contact with the grooves, of the adjacent baffle plate is provided with a rubber flange matched with the grooves.
Preferably, two groups of positioning holes with different heights are formed in the tank body, and the bracket is selected from the two groups of positioning holes for mounting and matching; when the support is arranged in the upper positioning hole, the stirring paddle is in sliding extrusion contact with the screen plate, and when the support is arranged in the lower positioning hole, the stirring paddle is in clearance fit with the screen plate; the screen plate is arranged on the bracket through a metal elastic sheet.
Adopt the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme brought to lie in: the invention adopts the fermentation process of two times of composting and optimizes the specific process, thereby realizing the full decomposition of organic matters in the first composting process, improving the fermentation activity of microorganisms in the second composting process, fully absorbing and converting inorganic nutrient substances and improving the absorption rate of the organic fertilizer after application. Because the temperature and the water content of the compost need to be accurately controlled for the second composting, if the conventional manual pile turning is adopted, the working intensity is high, and the turning of the fertilizer is not uniform. The fermentation tank is specially designed, so that the secondary composting and the subsequent drying and granulation of the fertilizer can be completed in the fermentation tank at one time, and the preparation efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fermenter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a seam between two adjacent baffles in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a stirring blade side L-shaped scraper in one embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a tank body; 2. a stirring paddle; 3. a stirring motor; 4. an air intake line; 5. an air outlet pipeline; 6. a screen plate; 7. a baffle plate; 8. a belt; 9. turning over a motor; 10. a support; 11. a rotary blade; 12. a rotating electric machine; 13. a groove; 14. a rubber flange; 15. positioning holes; 16. a metal spring sheet; 17. an L-shaped scraper plate; 18. a spring; 19. and a through hole.
Detailed Description
The standard parts used in the invention can be purchased from the market, the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description and the description of the attached drawings, and the specific connection mode of each part adopts the conventional means of mature bolts, rivets, welding, sticking and the like in the prior art, and the detailed description is not repeated.
Referring to fig. 1-3, one embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
A. crushing the edible fungus residues into particles of 1-2 mm, and crushing the straws into straw sections of 3-5 mm;
B. mixing the edible fungus residues, the pig manure and the straws according to the weight ratio of 10:7:1, and performing first composting fermentation, wherein the initial water content is kept at 70-75 wt%;
C. turning the compost when the temperature of the compost rises to 42 ℃, and turning the compost 3 times a day until the water content is reduced to 60 percent, and ending the first compost fermentation;
D. adding humic acid accounting for 0.05 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, potassium fertilizer accounting for 0.01 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer accounting for 0.01 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 0.025 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer and zymophyte agent accounting for 0.02 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, performing secondary compost fermentation, turning over the compost to keep the temperature of the compost at 50-55 ℃ until the water content is reduced to 30-35 percent, and finishing the secondary compost fermentation; the fermentation inoculum comprises arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, red bacillus citreus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and pseudoalteromonas in a weight ratio of 2:5:1: 1;
E. drying and granulating the fertilizer to obtain an organic fertilizer; and (3) keeping the room temperature in the drying process, and keeping the water content of the fertilizer after drying at 10-15%.
Performing secondary compost fermentation, drying and granulation in a fermentation tank; the fermentation cylinder is including a jar body 1, stirring paddle 2 is transversely installed in jar body 1, the outside of jar body 1 is fixed with agitator motor 3 that is connected with stirring paddle 2, the top of jar body 1 is provided with air inlet pipeline 4 and gas outlet pipeline 5 respectively, support 10 is installed to the bottom of jar body 1, install otter board 6 on the support 10, the below hub connection of otter board 6 has a plurality of baffles 7 that are parallel to each other, baffle 7 is connected with upset motor 9 through belt 8, adjacent baffle 7 is the mutual sealing contact when baffle 7 closes, install spinning blade 11 on the support 10, spinning blade 11 is located the below of baffle 7, the rotating electrical machines 12 of being connected with spinning blade 11 is installed to the bottom of support 10, when baffle 7 turns over down, spinning blade 11 follows sliding contact with baffle 7 down. The edge of the baffle 7 contacting with the rotary blade 11 is provided with a plurality of grooves 13, and one end of the adjacent baffle 7 contacting with the grooves 13 is provided with a rubber flange 14 matching with the grooves 13. Two groups of positioning holes 15 with different heights are arranged on the tank body 1, and the bracket 10 is selected from the two groups of positioning holes 15 for mounting and matching; when the support 10 is arranged in the upper positioning hole 15, the stirring paddle 2 is in sliding extrusion contact with the screen plate 6, and when the support 10 is arranged in the lower positioning hole 15, the stirring paddle 2 is in clearance fit with the screen plate 6; the mesh plate 6 is mounted on the bracket 10 by a metal elastic sheet 16.
When the second compost fermentation is carried out, the support 10 is fixed on the positioning hole 15 below the support, the baffle 7 is closed, and the stirring motor 3 is started to drive the stirring paddle 2 to carry out low-speed turning and stirring. When drying, increase air flow rate of inlet line 4 and outlet line 5, improve agitator motor 3's rotational speed simultaneously, realize rapid cooling, drying. During granulation, the bracket 10 is fixed on the upper positioning hole 15, the baffle 7 is opened to reduce the rotating speed of the stirring motor 3, and the rotating motor 12 is started at the same time, so that the fertilizer is pushed by the stirring blades 2 to pass through the screen 6 and then is discharged from gaps between the baffles 7, and granulation and molding are performed under the cutting action of the rotating blade 11.
In addition, two L-shaped scrapers 17 are symmetrically hinged on the side surface of the stirring blade 2, and the two L-shaped scrapers 17 are connected through a spring 18. When the stirring paddle 2 is contacted with the screen plate 6, the L-shaped scraper 17 is opened towards two sides under the action of the extrusion force, and the surface of the L-shaped scraper is contacted with the screen plate 6, so that the scraping action area of the fertilizer on the screen plate 6 is increased, and the fertilizer discharging speed is improved. The side wall of the L-shaped scraper 17 close to the hinged position is provided with a through hole 19, when the L-shaped scraper 17 is not contacted with the screen 6, the two L-shaped scrapers 17 are drawn together under the pulling of the spring 18, at the moment, fertilizer can enter a gap between the two L-shaped scrapers through the through hole in the stirring process, and then the fertilizer collides with the L-shaped scrapers to generate turbulent flow and flows out from gaps at two sides of the L-shaped scrapers, so that the stirring uniformity is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. crushing the edible fungus residues into particles of 1-2 mm, and crushing the straws into straw sections of 3-5 mm;
B. mixing the edible fungus residues, the pig manure and the straws according to the weight ratio of 10:7:1, and performing first composting fermentation, wherein the initial water content is kept at 70-75 wt%;
C. turning the compost when the temperature of the compost rises to 42 ℃, and turning the compost 3 times a day until the water content is reduced to 60 percent, and ending the first compost fermentation;
D. adding humic acid accounting for 0.02-0.05% of the total weight of the fertilizer, potassium fertilizer accounting for 0.005-0.01%, phosphate fertilizer accounting for 0.005-0.01%, nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 0.025-0.03% and fermentation microbial inoculum accounting for 0.01-0.03% of the total weight of the fertilizer into the fertilizer, performing secondary compost fermentation, turning over the compost to keep the temperature at 50-55 ℃ until the water content is reduced to 30-35%, and finishing the secondary compost fermentation;
E. drying and granulating the fertilizer to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungi residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step D, humic acid accounting for 0.05 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, potassium fertilizer accounting for 0.01 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer accounting for 0.01 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 0.025 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer and zymogen accounting for 0.02 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer are added into the fertilizer.
3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungi residues as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation inoculum comprises arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, red bacillus citreus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and pseudoalteromonas in a weight ratio of 2:5:1: 1.
4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungi residues as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and E, keeping the drying process at room temperature, and keeping the water content of the dried fertilizer at 10-15%.
5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungi residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing secondary compost fermentation, drying and granulation in a fermentation tank; the fermentation tank comprises a tank body (1), stirring blades (2) are transversely installed in the tank body (1), a stirring motor (3) connected with the stirring blades (2) is fixed on the outer side of the tank body (1), an air inlet pipeline (4) and an air outlet pipeline (5) are respectively arranged at the top of the tank body (1), a support (10) is installed at the bottom of the tank body (1), a screen plate (6) is installed on the support (10), a plurality of baffles (7) which are parallel to each other are connected below the screen plate (6) in a shaft-jointed mode, the baffles (7) are connected with a turnover motor (9) through belts (8), adjacent baffles (7) are in sealing contact with each other when the baffles (7) are closed, rotary blades (11) are installed on the support (10), the rotary blades (11) are located below the baffles (7), a rotary motor (12) connected with the rotary blades (11) is installed at the bottom of the support (, when the baffle (7) is turned down, the rotary blade (11) is in sliding contact with the lower edge of the baffle (7).
6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungi residues as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the edge of the baffle (7) contacting with the rotary blade (11) is provided with a plurality of grooves (13), and one end of the adjacent baffle (7) contacting with the grooves (13) is provided with a rubber flange (14) matched with the grooves (13).
7. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungi residues as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: two groups of positioning holes (15) with different heights are formed in the tank body (1), and one of the two groups of positioning holes (15) is selected from the bracket (10) for installation and matching; when the support (10) is arranged in the upper positioning hole (15), the stirring paddle (2) is in sliding extrusion contact with the screen plate (6), and when the support (10) is arranged in the lower positioning hole (15), the stirring paddle (2) is in clearance fit with the screen plate (6); the screen plate (6) is arranged on the bracket (10) through a metal elastic sheet (16).
CN202010924985.2A 2020-09-06 2020-09-06 Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using edible fungus residues Withdrawn CN111995481A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114409481A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-04-29 安徽科技学院 Efficient liquid biological organic fertilizer produced by using edible fungus residues and preparation method thereof

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102260121A (en) * 2011-05-24 2011-11-30 河南天宇肥业有限公司 Edible fungus dreg biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102701805A (en) * 2012-04-18 2012-10-03 武汉日清生物科技有限公司 Organic fertilizer produced from plant straws by aerobic fermentation and preparation method thereof
CN103613419A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 Method for producing organic fertilizer by mixing and composting microbial inoculum fermentation fungi residue and pig manure
CN105503310A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-04-20 福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所 Drum type transverse pile-turning bio-fertilizer fermentation device
CN106316484A (en) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-11 四川凯尔丰农业科技有限公司 Organic fertilizer fermentation process
CN106518215A (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-03-22 青川县农村产业技术服务中心 Method for preparing organic fertilizer by harmless treatment and reutilization of waste mushroom resources
CN109053281A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-12-21 紫云自治县民生行正种养殖农民专业合作社 A kind of organic preparation method for material of winter peach
CN110357689A (en) * 2019-08-26 2019-10-22 上海绿缘三元素生物科技有限公司 A kind of solid organic fertilizer production equipment

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102260121A (en) * 2011-05-24 2011-11-30 河南天宇肥业有限公司 Edible fungus dreg biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN102701805A (en) * 2012-04-18 2012-10-03 武汉日清生物科技有限公司 Organic fertilizer produced from plant straws by aerobic fermentation and preparation method thereof
CN103613419A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 Method for producing organic fertilizer by mixing and composting microbial inoculum fermentation fungi residue and pig manure
CN105503310A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-04-20 福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所 Drum type transverse pile-turning bio-fertilizer fermentation device
CN106316484A (en) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-11 四川凯尔丰农业科技有限公司 Organic fertilizer fermentation process
CN106518215A (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-03-22 青川县农村产业技术服务中心 Method for preparing organic fertilizer by harmless treatment and reutilization of waste mushroom resources
CN109053281A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-12-21 紫云自治县民生行正种养殖农民专业合作社 A kind of organic preparation method for material of winter peach
CN110357689A (en) * 2019-08-26 2019-10-22 上海绿缘三元素生物科技有限公司 A kind of solid organic fertilizer production equipment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114409481A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-04-29 安徽科技学院 Efficient liquid biological organic fertilizer produced by using edible fungus residues and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20201127