CN1119927A - 骨伸移装置 - Google Patents

骨伸移装置 Download PDF

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CN1119927A
CN1119927A CN94116874A CN94116874A CN1119927A CN 1119927 A CN1119927 A CN 1119927A CN 94116874 A CN94116874 A CN 94116874A CN 94116874 A CN94116874 A CN 94116874A CN 1119927 A CN1119927 A CN 1119927A
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bone
piston
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艾伦·R·斯皮瓦克
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Genesis Orthopedics
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Abstract

一种用于伸移人或动物骨分开骨段的装置，将在一中间点有意切断的骨段从骨的近端朝着其远端方向移向一个骨中的空隙，通过逐渐增加地延伸被分离部分和近端之间的距离，使在有意切断的部分之间骨能连续生长，它包括一个具有远端部分和近端部分的髓心内骨钉，它的两端可固定在骨的骨髓通道内。骨钉包括一个可连接到骨的近端上的液压缸和一个可连接到有意分开部分上的活塞。

Description

骨伸移装置
本发明涉及用于延伸或伸长骨的装置，特别是应用于伸长人骨。在许多情况下，存在着人的一个肢体(特别是腿)比另一个要短，这可能是先天性的或者是由于意外事故所致。业已发现有可能通过装置使变形或缩短的肢体伸长，所说的装置延伸骨的近端部分，所说的骨已从远端部分切断。这种装置以小的增量移动骨的远端部分，这包括以每次约1/4毫米的增量延伸被切断的骨的部分之间的间隙。当骨这样被分开，新的骨组织及骨周围的软组织在延伸的间隙处生长，这就可能伸长骨，例如股骨，在几个月内可伸长10公分或更多。
一种这样的装置已在苏联由Gavriil A.Ilizarov等研制出来，它实际上是一个可延伸的、围绕肢体的外面安装的支架，支架的远端可以机械地从近端部分逐渐增加地延伸。这种类型装置存在的问题之一是要把多根骨钉通过肢体的肌肉插入骨的两个部分内。用骨钉把肢体的近端部分“固定”在支架上，通过骨钉传输把远端部分拉离固定部分。这样一种装置在美国专利US-4615338中作出了描述。由这种类型的装置产生的问题之一是由于骨钉在肢体上要产生许多切口，这就易于受感染产生炎症，且这些钉连续地在肌肉中受到拉伸。它还有一个缺点是支架要连续穿戴好几个月，这就严重地限制了病人的活动。
许多其它的装置是使用伸长杆或骨钉，叫作髓内杆和骨钉。这种装置是插入骨的髓腔或髓心通道内。这些杆通常是带螺纹的，且是从骨髓通道内固定到骨上，用螺母或者棘齿装置逐渐增加地移动，以便逐渐增加地连续分离骨的部分。一种早期的这种装置在Avila的美国专利US-3986504已经示出。带螺纹杆的啮合和延伸是通过棘齿机构或扳手从外部实现。同样，这种类型的装置自身也会引起感染。
其它类型的装置也已由苏联的Alexander Bliskunov研制出来，它使用了棘齿装置，该装置植入体内并由患者自己操作，患者移动他身体的部分，以便驱动棘齿装置。这种类型的装置存在的一个问题是意外的运动或过量的运动就可能引起过大的骨分离，干扰生长的方式。
本发明的目的就是针对这些问题。本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种可完全植入的液压操作装置，且尽可能把感染的机会减至几乎没有，这种装置在操作上实际上是非常简单的。
本发明更特殊地涉及用于将在一中间点有意切断的骨段，从骨的近端朝着其远端方向移向一个骨中空隙的装置。所说的骨可以是人的也可以是动物的，所说的空隙一般是有意产生的，例如，在骨已经严重骨折并已成为碎片状，这种碎片必须去掉，因为它们将不可能成功地长回到一起。空隙也可以是一个已去掉的部分，因为它是有病的或者是肿瘤。
本发明属于一种用于将在一中间点有意切断的骨段从骨的近端端朝着远端方向移向一个骨中空隙的装置。骨可以是人的也可以是动物的。所说的骨段从它被切断的近端朝着空隙的方向逐渐增加地延伸，以便允许在有意切断的部分之间连续地生长。当切开的部分非常接近骨的远端部分，亦即当空隙几乎闭合，骨的这两个部分也就开始长在一起。
本装置包括一个髓心内的骨钉，该骨钉具有一个远端部分和一个近端部分。骨钉的近端部分可固定在骨的近端处的骨的髓心内的通道内，骨钉的远端包括一个远端头部，这头部固定在骨的远端处的髓心内的通道内。
一个液压缸连接到骨钉的近端，在液压缸内可移动的活塞连接到切断骨段上。与液压缸相通的有一个工作流体源，和一个位于骨钉的近端部分和远端部分之间的棘齿机构，亦放在活塞和液压缸之间，以便限制它们的相对运动于一个方向上。
一根杆在活塞和分离的头部之间延伸，以便允许在它们之间相对运动。所说的杆可以固定在分离的头部上且在活塞内是可滑动的，或者可以固定在活塞中且在分离的头部中滑动，以便使被切断骨段能逐渐增加地朝骨的远端部分移动。
分离的头部可以包括用于把它固定在骨远端的骨髓通道内的螺纹，以便消除为了接收固定钉所需要的在骨上钻孔。
棘齿机构使活塞和分离骨段当工作流体的压力释放时能反向。
一个减震件置于在活塞和液压缸之间，且与无效运动机构一起提供一个小的缓冲的无效运动量，产生一个有利于在上述从近端分离的骨段和近端之间生长的环境。
可加压的液体是装在可植入的贮液器内，它可以由人工或由外部信号装置或由可植入的电池操作的微机控制的内部泵泵入。
应该理解，本装置虽然以股骨作为实施例说明，但可以作简单的修改适用于伸移所有长骨的骨段。
本发明的上述和其它特征，包括不同的和新的结构和零件组合的细节将结合附图作进一步的更详细的说明，且在权利要求书中也指出了。应该理解，作为本发明的实施例，对特定骨段伸移装置只是为了说明，但决不意味着对本发明的限制。本发明的原理和特征可以用在各种不同的大量实施例中，但并没有脱离本发明的范围。
图1是实施本发明的骨伸长装置且是装在股骨中的剖面图；
图2是图1所示装置的上面部分的详图；
图3是用于限制图1所示装置运动的棘齿装置的，沿图2的III-III剖面线的放大的详细剖面图；
图4、5和6是包含用于棘齿机构换向装置的棘齿装置的另一个实施例放大的详细剖面图；
图7是用于对装置供给加压工作流体的装置的详图；
图8是用于提供加压工作流体的装置的另一个实施例；
图9是使用本发明骨伸移装置并装在股骨中的类似于图1的剖面图；
图10是图9所示一部分装置的另一个实施例；
图11是图10所示一部分装置的又一个实施例。
在图1能看到的一种用来伸长人或其它动物的骨和软组织的装置，它通过逐渐增加地延伸被分离的不连续的骨或组织的部分之间的距离，以便使上述各部分之间连续生长。所示的装置是插入人的股骨2，  当然也可以是人或动物的其它骨。首先，外科医生去掉在骨髓通道内的髓样物质，以产生一个细长的孔，然后在的位置3上横向地切断骨，以便接纳一根用4标注的髓心内螺钉或杆。
杆包括一个远端部分6和一个近端部分8。近端部分具有在其中形成的一个中心孔10，该孔通到具有上拱形液体腔14的液压缸12。近端部分在标为16的位置上终止。板18用螺钉20固定在股骨上。一个单向阀22用螺纹连接进板18和/或部分8，并用螺帽24在股骨的近端上固定。一根可弯曲的导管26由单向阀22引导到可植入的贮液器30(图1)，贮液器通过泵32驱动，这两个元件将在后面更详细介绍。髓心内骨钉的近端部分通过螺钉34固定到股骨上。
髓心内骨钉的远端部分6用螺钉36固定在骨髓通道的远端部分内，在它的上端形成一个活塞9，棘齿40是在活塞9内的管道42中。
一个环状套44通过螺钉48连接于活塞9上且被接纳在液压缸12的环形槽46内。一个挡块46被接纳在套44中的缝49内，用于径向地相对于活塞向内和向外运动，挡块具有与在活塞9中形成的啮合齿42可啮合齿50。液体密封垫51装在活塞9的槽内，并接触液压缸12的壁。一个环形的弹性体防震零件52可在槽49的顶部55上与套44接触。
活塞12和液压缸4之间的无效运动发生在当病人下腿移动时套44和槽49之间的空隙54的范围内，这样将导致股骨下面切断部分稍微相对于上面切断部分移动或振动。换言之，由于减震零件52的缓冲，允活塞相对于液压缸有少量无效运动，该运动或振动有利于骨生长。
挡块46由于装在套44内的压缩弹簧56的作用推向左边，如图3所示。当活塞9和骨的远端由于加压液体进入腔室14的作用向下推时，挡块46如图3所示由于齿50的作用稍微向右移动。每个齿向下移动啮合下一个相邻的齿。这将限制骨钉的远端相对于其近端朝一个方向运动。这样，活塞在加压的液体流入活塞上方的腔室14时仅能向外移出液压缸，而不能反向运动。当骨增长完成时这一点由外科医生来做。
弹性体活塞帽60(图2)通过螺钉62固定到活塞件9的顶端上。帽60的边保持对液压缸12的内壁64的密封，液压缸12与环形密封件51的接合保证了盐水工作流体不泄漏。
下面参照图7，可以看出有一个可植入的装在弹性膜贮液器72内的盐水工作流体70的供源是用缝合线74植入和固定在一般标号为76的病人的皮肤或肌肉内部上。一个铁磁圆盘78固定在膜贮液器的上部圆拱形部分73上。通往液压缸单向阀22的被植入的导管26与在液体贮液器72上的孔80相通。
一个外部的泵激励件82可与邻接铁磁圆盘78的皮肤连接。它包括一个电磁铁84、电池86和一个触发器88，这样，外科医生或者甚至病人可以触发激励件，以便使铁磁圆盘78能朝向和远离电磁铁84脉动，以便压缩和松弛膜贮液器，使盐水液体穿过导管26和单向阀22并流入在活塞顶部上的拱形贮液器14。
图8示出的是一个变换的泵机构。贮液器72通过可弯曲的导管8 8连接到由可反向的带齿轮电动机92控制的泵90。一个可编程序的微处理器94通过电池96向电动机92供给信号，以便把贮液器的液体通过导管26泵入液压缸4的上部拱形部分14。电动机是可反向的，它也可以把液体泵回贮液器72。
参照图4、5和6，现在说明用于在液压缸12内的活塞9的反向的机构。在活塞顶部上有一个倒置的钟形密封件100，为了弯曲，它安装在一对铰结的具有齿106的啮合叶片102和104之间，齿106可与在缸壁内的啮合齿108啮合。叶片102和104以活塞9的顶部中的孔内接纳的杆112为枢轴而转动。活塞在114处开口，以便适应在螺旋弹簧116的控制下向内和向外转动的叶片的下端。
当需要逐渐增加地分开骨的近端部分和远端部分时，可插入的贮液器72可通过电磁铁82外部地加压，或者，优选地是通过微处理器控制的泵90加压，因为系统是可逆的。这使液体通过可弯曲的管26和通道10流入液压缸的上部拱形部分14。加压的液液对密封件100起扩张它的上环形部分101的作用，以便对液压缸的壁膨胀，如图4和5所示。压力驱使叶片102和104顶着它的弹簧116的力分开。齿106一一对应地啮合在液压缸壁的齿108中的齿108。连续地加压驱动活塞9向下运动，导致骨分离并使新的生长能够发生。
如果为了某些原因，骨部分分离已经太大或者要求终止骨生长，将上述活塞上的液体减压使螺旋弹簧116挤压密封件100，如图6所示，与此同时，加压的盐水流体在通道10内反向回流到贮液器72。可逆的泵90控制液体反向流动。
在没有使用泵90的情况下，在叶片102和104上的齿106脱开在缸内壁上的齿108，在骨远端上施加压力，例如，由矫形医生施加反向压力，可以使活塞9和骨远端能稍稍抬起，以便闭合它和骨近端部分之间的空隙3。
用于将在一中间点有意切断的骨段从骨的近端朝着其远端方向移向一骨中空隙的装置将参照附图9、10和11说明。在图10所示的装置类似于图1所示的装置，除了在骨中有一个通常以120标注的空隙，这个空隙可以是由粉碎性骨折、肿瘤或其它疾病引起的，这些病变已在外科上作了清除且必须最终再接起来，由此骨的远端122能重新接在近端124上。
外科医生在骨的近端的一中间位置125处在骨中做一个整齐的切口有意地分离出骨段126。骨段126通过一个或多个螺钉130固定到活塞9的远端。杆132从活塞的远端128向着其分离的头部134方向延伸。头部134用一个或多个螺钉138固定到骨的部分122上。
正如图9中可以看出的，杆132被接纳在分开的头部134中的通道140内，并通过一个定位螺钉142阻止运动而固定在其内。杆132的另一端滑动地接纳在活塞9远端部分128的孔144内。
该装置的操作类似于图1所示的装置的操作。与液体腔室14加压时，活塞9如在图1中所看到的向下啮合，以便延伸骨增长在其中发生的有意切开的空隙124。然后，部分126朝骨136的远端部分122移动，以便减少空隙120的大小。最终空隙或间隙120接近于闭合，且在空隙的骨的分开部分长回到一起，由此，骨成为一块连续的骨。
如在图10中可以看到的，杆132可以用螺纹旋入活塞9的远端128，而它的另一端滑动地被接纳在分开的头部138的孔150内，在图10中，实施例所示的分开的头部138为直的分开部分。在图10的结构中，当活塞9接近分离的头部13 8，杆132被接纳在该头部内，这与图9所示结构是有区别的，图9中杆132是固定到可分离的头部134上，并在活塞内滑动。
在图11中可以看到分开的头部的另一种结构，同样具有用螺纹154把头部固定在骨的远端部分122。

Claims (21)

1、一种用于伸移人或动物骨的切断骨段的装置，将在一中间点有意切断的骨段从骨的近端朝着远端方向移向一个骨中的空隙，通过逐渐增加地延伸所说的骨段和近端间的距离，使在有意切断部分之间的骨能连续生长，其特征在于包括：
一个具有远端部分和近端部分的髓心内骨钉；
骨钉的近端部分在骨的近端处可固定在骨的骨髓通道内；
骨钉的远端部分包括在骨的远端处可固定在骨的骨髓通道内的分开的头部；
一个连接到骨钉的近端部分上的液压缸；
一个可固定到骨的有意切开骨段并在液压缸内可移动的活塞；
一个与液压缸相通的工作流体源；
一根在活塞和分开头部之间的杆，带有用来允许在它们之间相对运动的装置。
2、一种用于伸移人和动物骨的切断骨段的装置，将在一中间点有意切断的骨段从骨的近端朝着远端方向移向一个骨中的空隙，通过逐渐增加地延伸所说的骨段和近端间的距离，使在有意切断部分之间的骨能连续生长，其特征在于包括：
一个具有远端部分和近端部分的髓心内骨钉；
骨钉的近端部分在骨的近端处可固定在骨的骨髓通道内；
骨钉的远端部分包括在骨的远端处可固定在骨的骨髓通道内的分开的头部；
一个连接到骨钉的近端部分上的液压缸；
一个可固定在骨的有意切开骨段上的并在液压缸内可移动的活塞；
一个与液压缸相通的工作流体源；
一根固定到分开的头部上的并在活塞的槽孔内可滑动的杆。
3、一种用于伸移人和动物骨的切断骨段的装置，将在一中间点有意切断的骨段从骨的近端朝着远端方向移向一个骨中的空隙，通过逐渐增加地延伸切断骨段和近端之间的距离，使在有意切断部分之间的骨能连续生长，其特征在于包括：
一个具有远端部分和近端部分的髓心内骨钉；
骨钉的近端部分在骨的近端可固定在骨的骨髓通道内；
骨钉的远端部分包括一个在骨的远端处可固定在骨的骨髓通道内的分开的头部；
一个连接到骨钉的近端部分上的液压缸；
一个可固定到骨的有意分开骨段上的并在液压缸内可移动的活塞；
一个与液压缸相通的工作流体源；
一根固定到活塞上的并在分开的头部的槽孔内可滑动的杆。
4、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中在活塞和液压缸之间有一个棘齿机构，以便将它们的相对运动和切断骨段的运动限制于一个方向。
5、按照权利要求2所述的装置，其中在活塞和液压缸之间有一个棘齿机构，以便将它们的相对运动和切断骨段的运动限制于一个方向。
6、按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中在活塞和液压缸之间有一个棘齿机构，以便将它们的相对运动和切断骨段的运动限制于一个方向。
7、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中还有：
一个操作上与活塞和液压缸两者可接触的防震件；
允许在活塞和液压缸之间在活塞运动方向上对着减震件的无效运动的装置，以便刺激分开骨段和骨的部分之间的骨生长，所说的骨是有意被切断的。
8、按照权利要求2所述的装置，其中还有：
一个操作上与活塞和液压缸两者可接触的防震件；
允许在活塞和液压缸之间在活塞运动方向上对着减震件的无效运动的装置，以便刺激骨的分开部分和骨的部分之间的骨生长，所说的骨是有意被切断的。
9、按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中还有：
一个操作上与活塞和液压缸两者可接触的防震件；
允许在活塞和液压缸之间在活塞运动方向上对着减震件的无效运动的装置，以便刺激骨的分开部分和骨的部分之间的骨生长，所说的骨是有意被切断的。
10、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中还有：
在活塞和液压缸之间的棘齿机构，以便将它们的相对运动和切断骨段的运动限制于一个方向。
当工作流体的压力释放时，使活塞能相对于液压缸反向运动的装置。
11、按照权利要求2所述的装置，其中还有：
在活塞和液压缸之间的棘齿机构，以便将它们的相对运动和切断骨段的运动限制于一个方向。
当工作流体的压力被释放时，使活塞能相对于液压缸反向运动的装置。
12、按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中还有：
在活塞和液压缸之间的棘齿机构，以便将它们的相对运动和切断骨段的运动限制于一个方向。
当释放工作流体的压力时，允许活塞相对于液压缸反向运动的装置。
13、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中分开的头部包括用于在骨的远端处把它固定到骨髓通道内的螺纹。
14、按照权利要求2所述的装置，其中分开的头部包括用于在骨的远端处把它固定到骨髓通道内的螺纹。
15、按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中分开的头部包括用于在骨的远端处把它固定到骨髓通道内的螺纹。
16、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中分开的头部是弧形的。
17、按照权利要求2所述的装置，其中分开的头部是弧形的。
18、按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中分开的头部是弧形的。
19、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中分开的头部是直的。
20、按照权利要求2所述的装置，其中分开的头部是直的。
21、按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中分开的头部是直的。
CN94116874A 1994-02-09 1994-08-30 骨伸移装置 Pending CN1119927A (zh)

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KR950024743A (ko) 1995-09-15
AU676586B2 (en) 1997-03-13

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