CN111989167A - 具有改善的附着性的铬外观pvd层 - Google Patents

具有改善的附着性的铬外观pvd层 Download PDF

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CN111989167A
CN111989167A CN201980026173.1A CN201980026173A CN111989167A CN 111989167 A CN111989167 A CN 111989167A CN 201980026173 A CN201980026173 A CN 201980026173A CN 111989167 A CN111989167 A CN 111989167A
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coating
silicon
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pvd
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阿恩德·穆勒
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Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG Pfaeffikon
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Abstract

一种用于在塑料基材上的铬外观涂层的新型物理气相沉积(PVD)层结构显示出很好的附着性。PVD涂层被嵌入在有机UV固化底涂层中，其在PVD涂层和用于保护PVD涂层并调节光泽度的类似的有机UV固化顶涂层之前被施加至基材。新颖的PVD涂层结构包含不同的金属层例如铬、锆和铝以及由一氧化硅(SiO)和硅组成的新的附着层。

Description

具有改善的附着性的铬外观PVD层
镀铬一直是在塑料零件上制造光亮表面的常用方式。这种对环境有害的技术的一种替代方法是物理气相沉积(PVD)工艺，其用于通过将薄金属层溅射或蒸镀到塑料基材上而在塑料基材上获得相似效果。因为在某些情况下这些PVD涂层比传统镀铬涂层薄许多，故在基材和PVD层之间需要额外的底涂层以平整在大多数情况下是注塑成型的塑料零件的缺陷。另外，可施加顶涂层以保护薄金属涂层并调节涂层系统的光泽度。
PVD涂层对基材或有机底涂层的附着性始终是一个问题并且亟需应对。通常，在PVD工艺之前进行等离子体处理以清洁和活化表面，但这可能不足以使零件能承受汽车行业的苛刻的长期稳定性要求。
纯PVD铬层也因为其高拉伸应力而倾向于在一定涂层厚度下开裂。这改善了附着性但仍然是不希望的，因为这种效果有不良的光学外观。为了避免铬外观PVD层的开裂并也改善附着性，可以使用多层系统，其减小整个PVD涂层系统的固有应力。
也已知将氧气添加到基于氩气的溅射工艺中可以产生附着性良好的三价铬氧化物(Cr2O3)。
本发明描述了一种新颖的PVD层结构，其通过使用在低氧分压气氛中被沉积以获得作为增附层的一氧化硅(SiO)的类金属硅来显著提升嵌入在塑料基材上的UV固化有机漆中的PVD层中的附着力。
从在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)上的光学涂层中得知，厚度仅为几纳米的一氧化硅(SiO)薄层能显著改善由低折射率二氧化硅(SiO2)和高折射率二氧化钛(TiO2)构成的介电抗反射涂层的附着性。这可能是因为通过用非透明SiO层屏蔽紫外线而保护了PMMA。固态SiO从坩埚中被电子束蒸发出来并被沉积在PMMA上。尤其是，来自电子束枪的紫外线被阻挡，但可见光谱区内的透光率几乎未受影响。
出人意料地，发明人发现了这种SiO层还显著改善了金属层在各种有机基材上的附着性。因为透光性对于铬外观零件来说不是问题，故在这种情况下，SiO层的厚度不限于几纳米。对于具有甚至更薄的PVD涂层的半透明金属涂层(所谓的Translux涂层)来说，可以将SiO层制造成足够薄，以致不会显著影响透光率。
塑料基材(即ABS、PC/ABS、PC)涂覆有有机底涂层，并且所述漆通过UV光被固化。此后，该基材转移到真空中并用等离子体进行预处理。
在用氩气或氩气与反应性气体如氧气和氮气的混合物进行等离子体处理之后，SiO附着层被沉积到该表面上。这可以例如通过在氧气气氛中溅射纯硅或通过溅射SiO靶来完成。当使用纯硅时，在SiO层沉积后氧流会被减小，并且硅在纯氩气气氛中被溅射以防止靶毒化。
在附着层之上，可以施加附加的金属或金属氧氮化物以产生不同的颜色。最后，基材被送回大气中并以与底涂层相同的方式施加紫外线固化型顶涂层漆。
下图示出了包含新的SiO附着层的层结构的几个典型例子。
公开一种涂覆的塑料件，其具有塑料基材和在塑料基材上的涂层用于提供金属外观。该涂层包含金属层和在金属层与塑料基材之间的附着层，其中，该附着层包含一氧化硅用于促进金属层与有机材料之间的附着。
有机材料可以是塑料基材，或者有机材料可以是在塑料基材和附着层之间的有机底涂层。
在涂层上可以有透明的有机顶涂层。
该涂层可以是PVD涂层。
该涂层可以包括涂覆在附着层之上的硅层，并且优选地，一氧化硅层不形成与硅层的不连续界面，而是形成伴随氧量减少的梯度。
该涂层可以包含不同的金属层，优选为铬和/或锆和/或铝，并且优选包含硅。
附图标记
1 塑料基材
2 UV固化底涂层
3 SiO一氧化硅层
4 Si硅层
5 Zr锆层
6 Cr铬层
7 UV固化透明顶涂层

Claims (7)

1.一种涂覆塑料件，具有塑料基材和在所述塑料基材上的涂层以提供铬外观，其特征在于，所述涂层包含金属层和在所述金属层与所述塑料基材之间的附着层，其中，所述附着层包含一氧化硅用于促进所述金属层和有机底涂层之间的附着，其中，所述有机底层是借助UV光被固化的漆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆塑料件，其特征在于，在所述涂层上有有机透明顶涂层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涂覆塑料件，其特征在于，所述有机顶涂层是UV固化层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的涂覆塑料件，其特征在于，所述UV固化层以与所述底涂层相同的方式被涂覆。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的涂覆塑料件，其特征在于，所述涂层是PVD涂层。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的涂覆塑料件，其特征在于，所述涂层包括硅层，所述硅层被涂覆在所述附着层之上，并且其中优选地，所述一氧化硅层没有形成与所述硅层的不连续界面，而是形成伴随减少的氧量的梯度。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涂覆塑料件，其特征在于，所述涂层包含不同的金属层，优选为铬和/或锆和/或铝，并且优选包含硅。
CN201980026173.1A 2018-04-19 2019-04-18 具有改善的附着性的铬外观pvd层 Pending CN111989167A (zh)

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