CN111981037A - 具有改善的耐磨性的衬套和包括这种衬套的滑动轴承 - Google Patents

具有改善的耐磨性的衬套和包括这种衬套的滑动轴承 Download PDF

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CN111981037A
CN111981037A CN202010434315.2A CN202010434315A CN111981037A CN 111981037 A CN111981037 A CN 111981037A CN 202010434315 A CN202010434315 A CN 202010434315A CN 111981037 A CN111981037 A CN 111981037A
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bushing
plain bearing
yarn
lubricating
ring
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迈克尔·布雷特·科尔顿
格兰特·丹尼斯
约翰保罗·伍德海德
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SKF AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C23/043—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting with spherical surfaces, e.g. spherical plain bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • F16C33/125—Details of bearing layers, i.e. the lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0614—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part of the joint being open on two sides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
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    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N1/00—Constructional modifications of parts of machines or apparatus for the purpose of lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/50—Lubricating properties
    • F16C2202/52—Graphite
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/02—Carbon based material
    • F16C2206/06—Composite carbon material, e.g. carbon fibre reinforced carbon (C/C)
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    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F16C2206/42—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic oxides
    • F16C2206/44—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic oxides based on aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30—Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/32—Polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/36—Polyarylene ether ketones [PAEK], e.g. PEK, PEEK
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2212/00—Natural materials, i.e. based on animal or plant products such as leather, wood or cotton or extracted therefrom, e.g. lignin
    • F16C2212/08—Woven, unwoven fabrics, e.g. felt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/43—Aeroplanes; Helicopters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/47—Cosmonautic vehicles, i.e. bearings adapted for use in outer-space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
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    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining

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  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

一种衬套(4)包括包含树脂材料的粘合剂(5)、预浸料(6)、结构纱线(7)以及第一润滑纱线(8)。所述衬套还包括Al2O3的颗粒。一种滑动轴承包括内圈、外圈和介于内圈与外圈之间的这种衬套。

Description

具有改善的耐磨性的衬套和包括这种衬套的滑动轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及衬套领域。
本发明还涉及滑动轴承领域，特别地，涉及用于航空航天应用的球面滑动轴承。
背景技术
衬套通常用于润滑处于相对滑动运动的两个部件之间的接触，并且用于减少部件的磨损。
已知在滑动轴承中使用衬套。
从EP2955400A1已知提供一种具有润滑纤维和结构纤维的轴承衬套。
不幸的是，轴承的寿命经常受到衬套寿命的限制。
可以进行改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种衬套(liner)，所述衬套包括包含树脂材料的粘合剂、预浸料、结构纱线以及第一润滑纱线。
根据本发明，所述衬套还包括Al2O3的颗粒。
由于本发明，降低了衬套的磨损，并且增加了衬套的寿命。
根据本发明的有利但非强制性的其他方面，这种衬套可以包含以下特征中的一个或多个：
-所述基质(粘合剂)包括Al2O3的颗粒，
-所述衬套还包括含有Al2O3的颗粒的第二润滑纱线，
-所述第一润滑纱线和所述第二润滑纱线包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和/或石墨和/或石墨烯的颗粒。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种滑动轴承，所述滑动轴承具有外圈、内圈和根据本发明的衬套。所述内圈具有外表面并且所述外圈具有内表面，使得所述衬套介于所述外表面与所述内表面之间。
根据本发明的有利但非强制性的其他方面，这种滑动轴承可以包含以下特征中的一个或多个：
-所述滑动轴承是球面滑动轴承，
-所述滑动轴承是航空航天滑动轴承，
-所述衬套固定在所述外圈的内表面上，
-所述内圈的外表面由陶瓷材料制成，
-整个所述内圈由陶瓷材料制成。
附图说明
通过研究以非限制性示例给出并由附图示出的具体实施方式的详细描述，将更好地理解本发明及其优点，在附图上：
-图1示出了根据本发明的滑动轴承的优选实施方式，该滑动轴承包括根据本发明的衬套；
-图2详细示出了根据本发明的衬套的结构；
-图3示出了在现有技术的衬套和根据本发明的衬套上进行的磨损试验的结果。
术语表
XX’ 轴线
1 滑动轴承
2 外圈
2a 内表面
3 内圈
3a 外表面
4 衬套
5 粘合剂
6 预浸料
7 结构纱线
8 第一润滑纱线
9 第二润滑纱线
10 第一侧
11 第二侧
具体实施方式
图1示出了包括外圈2和内圈3的滑动轴承1。两个圈均绕着轴线XX’对称。外圈2在其内周上具有内表面2a，内圈在其外周上具有外表面3a。内表面和外表面彼此面对，并且衬套(/内衬)4介于(/插入)它们之间。
参照图2，衬套4是复合型自润滑衬套(composite self-lubricating liner)，并且呈具有第一侧10和相对的第二侧11的片的形式。
衬套4包括包含树脂的粘合剂或基质(matrix)5。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，树脂是环氧型或酚醛型的。
衬套4还包括机织织物(/机织物)(woven fabric)，该机织织物部分地或全部地埋在在粘合剂内。机织织物包括结构经纱(/纱线)(warp yarn)7和第一润滑经纱(/纱线)8。
纱线不仅是指单根纱线或纤维，而且还指多根单独的纱线或纤维。
结构纱线7和第一润滑纱线8彼此缠绕。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，结构纱线7由玻璃、碳、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚苯硫醚(PPS)或芳族聚酰胺中的至少一种制成。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，第一润滑纱线8由PTFE或石墨或石墨烯制成。有利地，可以使用任何其他固体润滑剂。
衬套还包括埋在粘合剂5中的预浸料(pre-preg)6。预浸料6布置在衬套4的第一侧10。优选地，预浸料部分地或全部地埋在粘合剂内。
衬套被附接到内圈3的外表面3a和外圈2的内表面2a中的一者。使用适当的附接手段，诸如粘合剂树脂的包覆成型和/或胶粘。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，衬套4被附接到滑动轴承1的外圈2的内表面2a。
衬套4的第二侧(或第二表面)11用于抵靠内圈和外圈中的其上未附接衬套的一个圈滑动。
有利地，第一润滑纱线8部分地埋在粘合剂5内部，使得它部分地从粘合剂突出，并且可以与内圈和外圈中的所述一个圈直接接触。
此外，衬套包括Al2O3的颗粒。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，Al2O3的颗粒埋在粘合剂内部。
在本发明的另一优选实施方式中，衬套的机织织物包括第二润滑纱线9，第二润滑纱线9包括Al2O3的颗粒。有利地，第二润滑纱线9包括浸渍有Al2O3的颗粒的石墨烯或PTFE或石墨的纱线。
在本发明的另一优选实施方式中，Al2O3的颗粒埋在粘合剂内部和第二润滑纱线9内部。
结构纱线、第一润滑纱线和第二润滑纱线绕着彼此缠绕。
在使用中，当滑动轴承的圈相对彼此滑动时，衬套磨损。由于Al2O3的颗粒，降低了衬套的磨损速度。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，滑动轴承的圈是金属的。
在本发明的另一优选实施方式中，圈中的至少一个包括陶瓷材料。
有利地，圈的抵靠衬套滑动的表面由陶瓷材料制成。例如，将陶瓷材料的涂层涂覆到金属圈上。
作为一种选择，滑动轴承的抵靠衬套滑动的整个圈由陶瓷材料制成。
在本发明的示出的优选实施方式中，滑动轴承是球面滑动轴承，其中，外圈的内表面是球面的，并且内圈的外表面也是球面的。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，滑动轴承是航空航天(aerospace)滑动轴承。
图3示出了对现有技术的衬套和根据本发明的衬套进行的动态磨损试验的结果。
根据本发明的衬套具有浸渍有Al2O3的PTFE纱线。
现有技术的衬套与根据本发明的衬套的不同之处在于，它不包含Al2O3的颗粒。
通过使衬套抵靠由包括金属和陶瓷的不同材料制成的对接面(counterface)滑动来执行磨损试验。
出人意料地，发明人已经注意到，当对接面由陶瓷材料制成时，根据本发明的衬套相对于现有技术的衬套表现出色。
由于本发明，增加了衬套的寿命，并因此也增加了滑动轴承的寿命。

Claims (10)

1.一种衬套(4)，包括：
-粘合剂(5)，包括树脂材料，
-预浸料(6)，
-结构纱线(7)，
-第一润滑纱线(8)，
其特征在于，所述衬套还包括Al2O3的颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的衬套，其特征在于，所述粘合剂包括Al2O3的颗粒。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的衬套，其特征在于，所述衬套还包括含有Al2O3的颗粒的第二润滑纱线(9)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的衬套，其特征在于，所述第一润滑纱线和所述第二润滑纱线包括聚四氟乙烯和/或石墨和/或石墨烯的颗粒。
5.一种滑动轴承(1)，包括：
-具有内表面(2a)的外圈(2)，
-具有外表面(3a)的内圈(3)，
所述外圈(2)和所述内圈(3)绕着轴线(XX’)对称，
-根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的衬套，所述衬套介于所述外圈的内表面与所述内圈的外表面之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述滑动轴承是球面滑动轴承。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述滑动轴承是航空航天滑动轴承。
8.根据权利要求5至7中的任一项所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述衬套固定在所述外圈的内表面上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述内圈的外表面由陶瓷材料制成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，整个所述内圈由陶瓷材料制成。
CN202010434315.2A 2019-05-24 2020-05-21 具有改善的耐磨性的衬套和包括这种衬套的滑动轴承 Pending CN111981037A (zh)

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