CN111978419B - 一种精制车前草多糖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种精制车前草多糖及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种精制车前草多糖及其制备方法和应用。所述车前草多糖通过如下方法制备得到:用水提取车前草植物,所得提取液浓缩后添加乙醇,醇沉,所得沉淀用水溶解,通过氯仿‑正丁醇法去除蛋白杂质,得到车前草多糖。本发明从车前草全草中分离到一种车前草多糖,研究发现该车前草多糖是DC促成熟剂,在体外和小鼠体内可直接刺激DC的活化,表明该车前草多糖可以作为促DC成熟免疫增强剂,用于制备添加到疫苗中的免疫佐剂和肿瘤免疫治疗药物,以及作为免疫功能的调节剂用于保健食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及一种精制车前草多糖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
树突状细胞(DC)是目前发现的机体内功能最强的专职抗原呈递细胞(APC),广泛分布于皮肤、消化系统、呼吸道黏膜等机体防御第一线,是肿瘤组织中主要的,也是最有效的抗原提呈细胞。DC为机体初次免疫应答的始动者,其主要功能是摄取、加工处理和递呈抗原,刺激初始T细胞活化增殖启动适应性免疫应答。它是唯一能够直接接触刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的细胞,能显著刺激初始T细胞的分化。
DC的发现和研究进展为中药抗肿瘤免疫治疗药理研究提供了新的视角。在抗肿瘤主动免疫应答中,细胞免疫应答占主导地位,而其中抗原呈递是最重要的一步。现已经证实DC数量的多少与肿瘤浸润程度、淋巴结转移和预后密切相关。肿瘤组织及其周围只有很少的DC浸润,并且这些为数不多的DC表型和功能均发生了变化,表现为表面共刺激分子表达量降低、细胞因子分泌量减少,其原因可能是肿瘤组织可以分泌某些物质抑制DC的功能。所以探寻新型高效的促DC成熟免疫增强剂是国内外研究的热点。
近年来研究发现,很多中药通过促进DC的功能来促进机体的免疫功能。中药自古以来就被用于治疗各种疾病,可以调节免疫系统以保护宿主免受疾病侵害。中药是成分复杂的化合物,随着技术的进步,被纯化提取后可分为多糖类、皂苷类、黄酮类、酚类等。近年来大量研究表明,传统中药提取物,尤其是多糖成分可以通过上调树突状细胞表面共刺激分子和MHCI/II,并增加促炎因子的产生,来促进未成熟DC转变成成熟DC,促进肿瘤相关T细胞的活化。从而增强体液免疫和细胞免疫,激活免疫系统,发挥抗肿瘤抗感染的作用。进一步研究发现,一些中药可通过调节TLRs,NF-κB,MAPK等信号通路来促进DC的成熟。
车前是车前科多年生植物,广泛分布于亚洲,常做药用和食用,其成熟干燥种子即车前子的主要功能包括渗湿、利水利尿、通淋、祛痰等等,而其全草车前草的功能与成熟干燥种子的功能相似,此外还有解毒、清热以及止血的作用。现有研究发现从车前子中提取的多糖是其活性成分之一。研究证明,从车前子中提取的PLP-2多糖对树突状细胞的表型和功能成熟都有着促进作用,能上调MHC II,CD86,CD80的表达,降低DC的抗原吞噬功能,增强DC的抗原提呈能力,并促进IL-12的分泌,增强对同种异体T细胞的刺激能力。车前草与车前子相比,有着分布更为广泛,价格低廉,炮制工艺简便等优势。据报道,车前草多糖可以通过激活巨噬细胞来诱导NO和TNF-α的分泌。但关于车前草多糖对DC的免疫调节相关报道仍是空白。此外,关于车前草通过DC增强机体细胞免疫功能,继而改善肿瘤微环境的相关报道也相对较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种车前草多糖及其制备方法和应用。
本发明所提供的车前草多糖通过包括如下步骤的方法制备得到:
用水提取车前草全草,所得提取液浓缩后添加乙醇,醇沉,所得沉淀用水溶解,通过氯仿-正丁醇法去除蛋白杂质,得到车前草多糖。
具体地,所述制备车前草多糖的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取车前草全草在无水乙醇中浸泡,弃去无水乙醇,药渣晾干待用;
2)向晾干的药渣中加入蒸馏水,加热回流提取,收集滤液;
3)将所得滤液浓缩,待冷却之后加入无水乙醇,静置过夜;
4)将步骤3)所得体系离心,弃去上层溶液,挥干有机溶剂(沉淀含有的乙醇),烘干沉淀并研磨成粉末,得到车前草多糖(PLP)粗产品;
5)将PLP粗产品溶解在蒸馏水中,向得到悬浮液中加入氯仿和正丁醇的混合液,震荡,离心,去除白色沉淀,吸出上清液,再向上清液中加入氯仿和正丁醇的混合液,重复进行5次,收集最后一次的上清液,浓缩,得到车前草多糖(PLP)。
上述方法步骤1)中,无水乙醇与车前草全草的质量比可为5~15:1,具体可为8:1;
所述浸泡的时长可为12-36小时,具体可为浸泡过夜;
上述方法步骤2)中,蒸馏水与药渣的质量比可为30~50:1,具体可为40:1;
所述提取可进行多次,具体可为2次,每次提取的时可为1.5~4小时,具体可为2小时;
上述方法步骤3)中,静置的温度可为2~8℃,具体可为4℃;
上述方法步骤4)中,所述离心的条件可为:3500r/min离心15分钟;
上述方法步骤5)中,所述PLP粗产品与蒸馏水的配比可为:0.2g:40mL;
PLP粗产品与氯仿和正丁醇的混合液的配比可为0.2g:6~50mL,具体可为0.2g:10ml;
所述氯仿和正丁醇的混合液中,氯仿与正丁醇的体积比为4:1。
制备得到的PLP使用BCA蛋白质测定方法以确定其蛋白质含量,去除五次蛋白之后含量达到稳定,不再继续下降,最终值约400ug/ml。
制备得到的PLP使用苯酚-硫酸法进行多糖浓度检测,多糖含量约为1mg/ml,纯度达20%。
由上述方法制备得到的车前草多糖也属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明还提供车前草多糖在制备如下产品中的应用:
(1)促DC成熟免疫增强剂;
(2)刺激淋巴细胞增殖的产品;
(3)疫苗的免疫佐剂;
(3)肿瘤免疫治疗药物;
(4)免疫功能调节剂。
本发明的具体研究结果阐述如下:首先,通过研究,创造了纯化车前草多糖的方法,从车前草全草中分离到一种车前草多糖,研究发现该车前草多糖是DC促成熟剂,在体外和小鼠体内可直接刺激DC的活化,表明该车前草多糖可以作为促DC成熟免疫增强剂,用于制备添加到疫苗中的免疫佐剂和肿瘤免疫治疗药物,以及作为免疫功能的调节剂用于保健食品。
车前草多糖与车前子多糖相比的优势:
分布广泛,价格低廉,成本低,制备工艺方便;
车前子多糖相关文献中所用浓度为100ug/ml,而本试验中为50ug/ml,有效浓度更低;
车前子多糖相关文献中仅证明车前子多糖可以促进T细胞增殖,而本试验中不仅证明了车前草多糖可以促进T淋巴细胞增殖、还可以促进T细胞朝肿瘤相关CTL方向分化,继而进一步发挥抗肿瘤作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
本发明中,车前草是具有渗湿、利水利尿、通淋、祛痰、解毒、清热以及止血等作用的中药,分布广泛,价格低廉,炮制工艺简便。本发明首次公开了通过水提醇沉法制备车前草多糖,因制备得到的车前草多糖纯度较高,并且具有明显的增强免疫作用,适用于开发具有增强免疫作用的功能性食品和药品,具备广阔的应用前景。
因此,本专利申请公开一种具有免疫促进功能的精制车前草多糖的制备方法,并对其细胞免疫调节活性进行鉴定。该车前草多糖可以诱导DC的成熟并增强其细胞免疫功能,可用于制备增强免疫力的药物和功能性食品中,还可作为潜在的免疫佐剂添加到疫苗中,及作为肿瘤免疫治疗药物进行相关开发。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例4制备的DC纯度图。
图2为本发明实施例2制备的PLP在不同浓度下对DC的细胞毒性作用的实验结果图。
图3为本发明实施例2制备的PLP在体外作为DC促成熟剂的实验结果图。
图4为本发明实施例2制备的PLP在体内作为DC促成熟剂的实验结果图。
图5为本发明实施例2制备的PLP增强DC淋巴细胞增殖能力并促进CTL分化的实验结果图。
图6为本发明实施例2制备的PLP增强肿瘤抗原特异性免疫反应的实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不局限于此。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;下述实施例中所用的试剂、生物材料等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、车前草多糖(PLP)粗产品的制备
采用水提醇沉法提取车前草多糖(PLP):取车前草全草在8倍量无水乙醇中浸泡过夜,弃去无水乙醇,药渣晾干待用;连接回流及加热装置,将晾干的药渣和40倍量的蒸馏水加入圆底烧瓶中,用电子调温电热套加热回流提取2小时,将所得滤液用纱布滤过,共提取2次,合并两次回流提取的滤液;将所得滤液浓缩至适当体积,待冷却之后加入无水乙醇,于4℃过夜;3500r/min离心15分钟,弃去上层溶液,挥干有机溶剂,烘干沉淀并研磨成粉末,得到PLP粗产品,保存于4℃冰箱。
实施例2.车前草多糖(PLP)的制备
将实施例1制备的PLP进一步纯化,通过氯仿-正丁醇法去除蛋白杂质:将0.2g PLP粉末溶解在40mL蒸馏水中,在悬浮液中加入10mL氯仿和正丁醇(4:1,v/v)的混合液(氯仿8ml正丁醇2ml),充分震荡20min,2500r/min离心3分钟,吸出上清液,再向上清液中加入氯仿和正丁醇的混合液,重复进行5次,收集最后一次的上清液,浓缩(最终多糖含量经测定为1mg/ml),得到车前草多糖(PLP)。除蛋白后的PLP使用BCA蛋白质测定方法以确定其蛋白质含量。去除五次蛋白之后含量达到稳定,不再继续下降,最终值约400ug/ml。
实施例3、PLP中多糖浓度检测
建立多糖浓度测定方法,将实施例2制备的PLP通过苯酚-硫酸法进行多糖浓度检测:制备100ug/mL葡萄糖标准溶液并等比例稀释。将2mL PLP样品(实施例2制备)及各浓度葡萄糖标准溶液分别与1mL 9%的苯酚水溶液混合,随后加入5mL浓硫酸,充分震荡摇匀。室温下放置30分钟以进行显色反应。485nm测各浓度点的吸光值,并根据标准曲线确定多糖浓度。将OD值带入标准曲线,提纯后PLP浓度约为1mg/ml,纯度达20%。
实施例4、
制备小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞(BMDC):无菌条件下分离6-8周龄的C57BL/6小鼠的胫骨和股骨,用RPMI-1640培养基冲洗出骨髓细胞。离心弃上清,用红细胞裂解液重悬沉淀以去除红细胞。洗一次后,加入RPMI-1640完全培养基(含有10%血清、1%青链霉素双抗、20ng/ml GM-CSF)重悬,并将细胞密度调至1×106个/ml,放入37℃,5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养。第3天、第6天半量换液。第7天收集细胞,流式细胞学检测DC特异性表型CD11c表达情况,阳性率达77.3%(如图1所示),可用于后续实验。
实施例5.
将实施例2制备的PLP以不同浓度(2、4、8、15、30、60、125、250和500μg/mL)作用于实施例4中制备的BMDC,于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育48h,CCK-8检测细胞毒性。结果显示从2-125μg/mL,无证据表明PLP对DC有毒性作用,DC存活率均在80%以上(如图2所示)。
实施例6.
第7天收集实施例4中的半悬浮细胞,以1×106细胞/mL的浓度在24孔板中培养。分别设置LPS组(2μg/mL,LPS是脂多糖,阳性对照药,购于sigma),PLP组(50μg/mL,实施例2制备的PLP 50μg/mL),PLPt组(车前草总提物(购于东直门医院,车前草总提物颗粒,水溶后获得溶液)50μg/mL)和阴性对照组(control:RPMI-1640)(附图中的Acteoside毛蕊花糖苷,车前草全草提取物中的一个对照成分),加药作用48小时后,离心分别收集细胞及上清液。评价DC表型及功能的成熟度:用流式细胞术评估DC表面分子CD80、CD86、MHC-II等表型的表达,ELISA法检测车前草多糖诱导DC产生IL-12p70、TNF-α等细胞因子的情况。结果显示经PLP作用后,DC表面分子CD80、CD86、MHC-II的表达均显著上调,IL-12p70、TNF-α分泌显著增加(如图3所示)。表明PLP对DC表型和功能的成熟均有促进作用,体现出其进一步增强DC细胞免疫功能的潜能。
实施例7.
分离小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞:通过小鼠脾淋巴细胞分离溶液试剂盒分离小鼠脾淋巴细胞。断颈处死6周龄C57BL/6小鼠,分离脾脏充分研磨以得到脾脏细胞悬液。将脾细胞悬液以1:1的比例缓慢加入淋巴细胞分离溶液中。300g 10min离心后,取中间乳白色云雾状细胞以获得脾淋巴细胞悬液。细胞洗涤液洗两次后备用。
实施例8.
评价PLP对小鼠DC的体内激活:分别设置LPS组(2.5mg/kg,s.c.),PLP皮下注射组(10mg/kg,s.c.),PLP腹腔注射组(10mg/kg,i.p.),PLP口服给药组(10mg/kg,p.o.)和阴性对照组control(PBS,s.c.),作用48小时后,处死小鼠,分别按实施例4和实施例7方法分离出BMDC和脾淋巴细胞。流式细胞仪检测CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞的百分比。分离的BMDC培养7天后检查CD80、CD86、MHC-II的表达。结果显示经PLP作用后,DC表面分子CD80、CD86、MHC-II的表达均显著上调,其中PLP皮下注射组效果最为显著(如图4所示)。表明PLP通过体内途径对小鼠DC表型的成熟也具有促进作用,与上述实验结果相一致。
实施例9.
按实施例7方法获得小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞,体外模拟抗原呈递过程:将脾淋巴细胞悬液的密度设定为5.0×106细胞/mL,并用1.25μMCFSE标记。同时,将实施例6中分组加药刺激过的DC用50ng/mL丝裂霉素C在37℃预处理30分钟。彻底清洗后,将CFSE染色的脾淋巴细胞与不同组BMDC以1:4的比例共培养。共培养48小时后,离心分别收集细胞及上清液。用流式细胞术评估淋巴细胞增殖情况,CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞分化程度;用ELISA法检测T细胞对IFN-γ的分泌水平。结果显示PLP组可以显著刺激淋巴细胞增殖,促进T细胞向CTL分化,并且经PLP作用的DC可以上调T淋巴细胞对IFN-γ的表达(如图5所示)。
实施例10.
制备CIPp肿瘤细胞裂解物:将犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CIPp(1×107cells/mL四次反复冻融后,离心去除细胞碎片,取上清液过0.2μm除菌滤膜并置于-80℃冰箱保存备用。
实施例11.
制备条件培养基:第7天收集实施例4中的半悬浮细胞,以1×106细胞/mL的浓度在24孔板中培养。分别设置LPS组(2μg/mL),PLP组(50μg/mL),实施例10中制备的CIPp细胞裂解物组(DC:肿瘤裂解物为3:1肿瘤细胞当量),CIPp细胞裂解物+PLP组和阴性对照组(RPMI1640),加药作用48小时后,收集各组细胞及上清液,上清液置于-80℃冰箱保存备用。
实施例12.
将实施例2制备的PLP以不同浓度(8、15、30、60、125、250μg/mL)作用于CIPp细胞;同时,将实施例11中的各组条件培养基也作用于CIPp细胞48h。CCK-8分别检测细胞毒性。结果显示,单纯将PLP作用于肿瘤细胞,并不能起到杀伤作用(如图6A所示)。而经PLP刺激的DC细胞与肿瘤细胞共培养,与对照组相比表现出细胞毒性作用,其中经CIPp细胞裂解物与PLP共同刺激的DC组上清液对肿瘤细胞杀伤作用最强,表现出CIPp肿瘤细胞抗原特异性细胞毒作用(如图6B所示)。
实施例13.
与实施例9中方法类似,测定肿瘤特异性淋巴细胞的增殖:将脾淋巴细胞悬液的密度设定为5.0×106细胞/mL,并用1.25μM CFSE标记。同时,将实施例11中分组加药刺激过的DC用50ng/mL丝裂霉素C在37℃预处理30分钟。彻底清洗后,将CFSE染色的脾淋巴细胞与不同组BMDC以1:4的比例共培养。共培养48小时后,离心收集脾淋巴细胞。用流式细胞术评估淋巴细胞增殖情况及CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞分化程度。结果显示,PLP刺激的DC对淋巴细胞增殖能力增强,且PLP与CIPp细胞裂解物共同作用于DC时对淋巴细胞增殖能力最强,促进T细胞向CTL分化增多(如图6C所示),表现出肿瘤抗原特异性细胞免疫反应。
Claims (4)
1.车前草多糖在制备如下产品中的应用:
(1)促树突状细胞成熟免疫增强剂;
(2)通过促进T淋巴细胞增殖以及促进T细胞朝肿瘤相关CTL方向分化,发挥抗肿瘤作用的产品;
制备车前草多糖的方法 包括以下步骤:
1)取车前草全草在无水乙醇中浸泡,弃去无水乙醇,药渣晾干待用;
2)向晾干的药渣中加入蒸馏水,加热回流提取,收集滤液;
3)将所得滤液浓缩,待冷却之后加入无水乙醇,静置过夜;
4)将步骤3)所得体系离心,弃去上层溶液,挥干有机溶剂, 烘干沉淀并研磨成粉末,得到车前草多糖粗产品;
5)将车前草多糖粗产品溶解在蒸馏水中,向得到悬浮液中加入氯仿和正丁醇的混合液,震荡,离心,去除白色沉淀,吸出上清液,再向上清液中加入氯仿和正丁醇的混合液,重复进行5次,收集最后一次的上清液,浓缩,得到车前草多糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤1)中,无水乙醇与车前草全草的质量比为5~15:1;
所述浸泡的时长为12-36小时;
步骤2)中,蒸馏水与药渣的质量比为30~50:1;
所述提取进行多次,每次提取的时间为1.5~4小时;
步骤3)中,静置的温度为2~8℃;
步骤4)中,所述离心的条件为:3500r/min离心15分钟;
步骤5)中,所述车前草多糖粗产品与蒸馏水的配比为:0.2 g:40 mL;
车前草多糖粗产品与氯仿和正丁醇的混合液的配比为0.2g:6~50ml;
所述氯仿和正丁醇的混合液中,氯仿与正丁醇的体积比为4:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:制备得到的车前草多糖的蛋白质含量为400 ug/ml;
制备得到的车前草多糖的多糖含量为1mg/ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述促树突状细胞成熟免疫增强剂为添加到疫苗中的免疫佐剂或肿瘤免疫治疗药物。
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