CN111976464A - 换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统 - Google Patents

换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN111976464A
CN111976464A CN202010897752.8A CN202010897752A CN111976464A CN 111976464 A CN111976464 A CN 111976464A CN 202010897752 A CN202010897752 A CN 202010897752A CN 111976464 A CN111976464 A CN 111976464A
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gear
motor
engine
synchronizer
speed
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CN111976464B (zh
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李超
严军
余秋石
袁龙
阮先鄂
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Dongfeng Motor Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2038Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with three engaging means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,包括发动机、行星齿轮机构、同步器和电机一,行星齿轮机构包括与发动机的传动轴固连的太阳轮、与制动器连接的外齿圈、通过离合器与外齿圈连接的行星架、设在行星架上且分别与太阳轮和外齿圈啮合的行星齿轮,同步器固连在中间轴上,同步器两侧能分别与空套在中间轴上的齿轮一和齿轮二接合,外齿圈和行星架分别同轴的固连有齿轮三和齿轮四,齿轮三和齿轮四分别与齿轮二和齿轮一啮合,中间轴、发动机的传动轴和电机一的传动轴上分别固连有齿轮五、齿轮六和齿轮七,齿轮五和齿轮六分别与固连在差速器上的差速器齿轮和齿轮七啮合。该系统简化传动系统,换挡时利用电机调速,降低换挡冲击。

Description

换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统
技术领域
本发明属于混合动力车辆驱动技术领域,具体涉及一种换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统。
背景技术
混合动力车辆驱动是新能源汽车发展过程的核心阶段,目前的混合动力车辆驱动系统为了获得更多的功能、更高的效率,采用的结构比较复杂,成本较高。现有技术CN108725178A公开了一种单行星齿轮多模式混合动力变速器,其提出行星齿轮的外齿圈与第三齿轮(二档输出齿轮)啮合,行星架与第一齿轮(一档输入齿轮)直接相连。发动机输出轴与行星轮系的外齿圈连接,离合器或者制动器连接外齿圈与变速器壳体,以锁止发动机外齿圈,并使用同步器进行档位的切换。其虽然能够实现发动机的两个档位的驱动,但是在换挡的过程中,由于同步器动作时,一档和二档输入齿轮的转速差较大,会产生很大冲击,对零部件造成一定的损害,且会影响驾乘舒适性以及燃油经济性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,简化了传动系统结构,换挡时利用电机调速,降低了换挡冲击。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,包括发动机(1)、行星齿轮机构(3)、同步器(14)和电机一(12),行星齿轮机构(3)包括与发动机的传动轴(8)固连的太阳轮(3.4)、与制动器(5)连接的外齿圈(3.1)、通过离合器(6)与外齿圈(3.1)连接的行星架(3.3)、设在行星架(3.3)上且分别与太阳轮(3.4)和外齿圈(3.1)啮合的行星齿轮(3.2),同步器(14)固连在中间轴(17)上,同步器(14)两侧能分别与空套在中间轴(17)上的齿轮一(15)和齿轮二(16)接合,外齿圈(3.1)和行星架(3.3)分别同轴的固连有齿轮三(7)和齿轮四(4),齿轮三(7)和齿轮四(4)分别直接或间接与齿轮二(16)和齿轮一(15)啮合,中间轴(17)、发动机的传动轴(8)和电机一的传动轴(11)上分别固连有齿轮五(13)、齿轮六(9)和齿轮七(10),齿轮五(13)和齿轮六(9)分别直接或间接与固连在差速器(22)上的差速器齿轮(21)和齿轮七(10)啮合。
进一步地,停车发动机起动模式下,电机一(12)产生驱动力反拖发动机(1)到合适转速以启动。
进一步地,发动机直驱模式下,发动机(1)具有2个前进档位,采用一档时,接合制动器(5)使外齿圈(3.1)锁止,接合同步器(14)使齿轮一(15)和中间轴(17)相连,采用二档时,接合离合器(6)使外齿圈(3.1)与行星架(3.3)固连,接合同步器使中间轴(17)与齿轮二(16)相连。
进一步地,行车发电模式下,发动机(1)在任意档位时,电机一(12)采用发电状态;停车发电模式下,发动机(1)工作,电机二(20)采用发电状态。
进一步地,并联驱动模式下,当车辆在严苛工况下,有更大动力需求且车辆电池电量充足时,电机一12短时间的参与驱动。
作为本发明的一种改进,还包括电机二(20),中间轴(17)和电机二的传动轴(19)上分别固连有齿轮八(23)和齿轮九(18),齿轮八(23)和齿轮九(18)直接或间接啮合。
进一步地,停车发动机起动模式下,电机一(12)产生驱动力反拖发动机(1)到合适转速以启动。
进一步地,发动机直驱模式下,发动机(1)具有2个前进档位,采用一档时,接合制动器(5)使外齿圈(3.1)锁止,接合同步器(14)使齿轮一(15)和中间轴(17)相连,采用二档时,接合离合器(6)使外齿圈(3.1)与行星架(3.3)固连,接合同步器使中间轴(17)与齿轮二(16)相连。
进一步地,行车发电模式下,发动机(1)在任意档位时,根据整车控制策略选择电机二(20)和\或电机一(12)采用发电状态;停车发电模式下,发动机(1)工作,电机一(12)采用发电状态,当有快速充电要求时,接合制动器(5),电机二(20)和电机一(12)采用发电状态。
进一步地,并联驱动模式下,发动机(1)在任意档位时,电机二(20)和\或电机一(12)参与驱动,电机一(12)只有车辆在严苛工况下,有更大动力需求且车辆电池电量充足时,短时间的参与驱动。
进一步地,纯电驱动模式下,电机二(20)驱动,发动机(1)处于静止状态,接合同步器(14)使齿轮四(4)与齿轮一(15)啮合。
进一步地,ECVT模式下,接合同步器使中间轴(17)与齿轮二(16)相连,打开离合器(6)和制动器(5),通过发动机(1)平稳起步和低速行驶,电机二(20)共同驱动或由发动机(1)带动发电,根据车辆控制策略选择电机一(12)是否参入发电或驱动。
进一步地,换挡扭矩补偿模式下,发动机(1)进行任意换档时,接合同步器(14)使齿轮一(15)和中间轴(17)相连,电机二(20)进行扭矩填充,接替发动机(1)驱动车辆,避免动力中断,同时等待电机一(12)做转速同步,电机二(20)转速确定,即行星架(3.3)转速确定,调节电机一(12)转速,即调节太阳轮(3.4)转速,使外齿圈(3.1)与行星架(3.3)转速差减小到一定范围,待新档位对应的同步器(14)两端的转速非常接近后,推动同步器(14)完成挂挡。
本发明的有益效果是:
将一档输入齿轮和二档输入齿轮,即齿轮四4和齿轮三7分别集成在行星架3.3和外齿圈3.1上,通过控制离合器6和制动器5的结合与分离,控制一档输入齿轮和二档输入齿轮,即齿轮四4和齿轮三7,参与传动或者不参与传动,配合中间轴17上同步器14的动作,从而无须复杂的湿式离合器及其操纵系统即可实现档位的切换,进一步简化了传动系统的结构、节约了成本;同时,在档位切换的过程中,通过电机一12的调速功能,可以使换挡过程更加平顺,可以降低对离合器6和制动器5的性能要求,且降低换挡过程中二者的磨损,降低了换挡冲击。
附图说明
图1是第一实施例中换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统的结构原理图。
图2是第二实施例中换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统的结构原理图。
图中:1-发动机;2-扭转减振器;3-行星齿轮机构;3.1-外齿圈;3.2-行星齿轮;3.3-行星架;3.4-太阳轮;4-齿轮四;5-制动器;6-离合器;7-齿轮三;8-发动机的传动轴;9-齿轮六;10-齿轮七;11-电机一的传动轴;12-电机一;13-齿轮五;14-同步器;14.1-同步器右侧接合端;14.2-同步器左侧接合端;15-齿轮一;16-齿轮二;17-中间轴;18-齿轮九;19-电机二的传动轴;20-电机二;21-差速器齿轮;22-差速器;23-齿轮八。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例一
如图1所示,一种换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统包括发动机1、电机一12、行星齿轮机构3和同步器14,发动机1通过扭转减震器2与发动机的传动轴8连接,行星齿轮机构3包括与发动机的传动轴8固连的太阳轮3.4、通过制动器5与变速箱壳体连接的外齿圈3.1、通过离合器6与外齿圈3.1连接的行星架3.3、设在行星架3.3上且分别与太阳轮3.4和外齿圈3.1啮合的行星齿轮3.2,同步器14固连在中间轴17上,同步器左侧接合端14.2和同步器右侧接合端14.1能分别与空套在中间轴17上的齿轮一15和齿轮二16接合,外齿圈3.1和行星架3.3分别同轴的固连有齿轮三7和齿轮四4,齿轮三7和齿轮四4分别与齿轮二16和齿轮一15啮合,中间轴17、发动机的传动轴8和电机一的传动轴11上分别固连有齿轮五13、齿轮六9和齿轮七10,齿轮五13和齿轮六9分别直接或间接与固连在差速器22上的差速器齿轮21和齿轮七10啮合,发动机的传动轴8、中间轴17和电机二的传动轴19相互平行。其中,制动器5的结构形式可以是同步器或湿式离合器,离合器6的结构形式可以是同步器或湿式离合器,同步器14的结构形式可以是同步器或牙嵌式离合器。
上述系统可以实现以下功能:
1、停车发动机起动;
电机一12产生的驱动力经过电机一的传动轴11、齿轮七10与齿轮六9,传递到发动机的传动轴8上,然后通过扭转减振器2反拖发动机1到合适转速以启动。
2、停车发电;
发动机1输出动力经过扭转减震器2后传递到发动机的传动轴8,然后经过齿轮六9和齿轮七10,通过电机一的传动轴11传递给电机一12进行发电。
3、发动机直驱;
发动机具有2个前进档位,说明如下:
一档:接合制动器5,使外齿圈3.1锁止,接合同步器左侧接合端14.2,使齿轮一15和中间轴17相连;发动机1输出动力依次通过扭转减振器2、发动机的传动轴8、太阳轮3.4、行星齿轮3.2、行星架3.3、齿轮四4、齿轮一15、同步器14、中间轴17、齿轮五13传递到差速器齿轮21上,再由差速器22把动力传递给车辆驱动轴。
二档:接合离合器6,使外齿圈3.1与行星架3.3固连,接合同步器右侧接合端14.1,使中间轴17与齿轮二16相连;发动机1输出动力依次通过扭转减振器2、发动机的传动轴8、行星齿轮机构太阳轮3.4、行星齿轮3.2、行星架3.3、外齿圈3.1、齿轮三7、齿轮二16、同步器14、中间轴17、齿轮五13传递到差速器齿轮21上,再由差速器22把动力传递给车辆驱动轴。
4、并联驱动;
当车辆在某些严苛工况下,有更大动力需求且车辆电池电量充足时,电机一12也可同时短时间的参与驱动,形成一种并联模式。
5、行车发电;
当发动机1在一档、二档位上进行驱动时,由于齿轮六9与齿七10常啮合,发动机1可以给电机一12发电。
实施例二
如图1所示,一种换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统包括发动机1、电机一12、电机二20、行星齿轮机构3和同步器14,发动机1通过扭转减震器2与发动机的传动轴8连接,行星齿轮机构3包括与发动机的传动轴8固连的太阳轮3.4、通过制动器5与变速箱壳体连接的外齿圈3.1、通过离合器6与外齿圈3.1连接的行星架3.3、设在行星架3.3上且分别与太阳轮3.4和外齿圈3.1啮合的行星齿轮3.2,同步器14固连在中间轴17上,同步器左侧接合端14.2和同步器右侧接合端14.1能分别与空套在中间轴17上的齿轮一15和齿轮二16接合,外齿圈3.1和行星架3.3分别同轴的固连有齿轮三7和齿轮四4,齿轮三7和齿轮四4分别与齿轮二16和齿轮一15啮合,中间轴17、发动机的传动轴8和电机一的传动轴11上分别固连有齿轮五13、齿轮六9和齿轮七10,齿轮五13和齿轮六9分别直接或间接与固连在差速器22上的差速器齿轮21和齿轮七10啮合,中间轴17和电机二的传动轴19上分别固连有齿轮八23和齿轮九18,齿轮八23和齿轮九18直接或间接啮合,发动机的传动轴8、中间轴17和电机二的传动轴19相互平行。其中,制动器5的结构形式可以是同步器或湿式离合器,离合器6的结构形式可以是同步器或湿式离合器,同步器14的结构形式可以是同步器或牙嵌式离合器。
上述系统可以实现以下功能:
1、停车发动机起动;
电机一12产生的驱动力经过电机一的传动轴11、齿轮七10与齿轮六9,传递到发动机的传动轴8上,然后通过扭转减振器2反拖发动机1到合适转速以启动。
2、停车发电;
停车发电有两种模式可选:
模式一:发动机1输出动力经过扭转减震器2后传递到发动机的传动轴8,然后经过齿轮六9和齿轮七10,通过电机一的传动轴11传递给电机一12进行发电。
模式二:当有快速充电要求时,接合制动器5,发动机1输出的功率除了可以按照模式一路径发电外,还可以由输入轴8,依次经太阳轮3.4、行星架3.3、齿轮四4、齿轮一15与齿轮九18,通过电机二的传动轴19传递给电机二20进行发电。
3、纯电驱动;
接合同步器左侧接合端14.2,电机二20产生的驱动动力依次经由电机二的传动轴19、齿轮九18、齿轮一15、同步器14、中间轴17、齿轮五13传递到差速器齿轮21上,再由差速器22把动力传递给车辆驱动轴。
4、发动机直驱;
发动机具有2个前进档位,说明如下:
一档:接合制动器5,使外齿圈3.1锁止,接合同步器左侧接合端14.2,使齿轮一15和中间轴17相连;发动机1输出动力依次通过扭转减振器2、发动机的传动轴8、太阳轮3.4、行星齿轮3.2、行星架3.3、齿轮四4、齿轮一15、同步器14、中间轴17、齿轮五13传递到差速器齿轮21上,再由差速器22把动力传递给车辆驱动轴。
二档:接合离合器6,使外齿圈3.1与行星架3.3固连,接合同步器右侧接合端14.1,使中间轴17与齿轮二16相连;发动机1输出动力依次通过扭转减振器2、发动机的传动轴8、行星齿轮机构太阳轮3.4、行星齿轮3.2、行星架3.3、外齿圈3.1、齿轮三7、齿轮二16、同步器14、中间轴17、齿轮五13传递到差速器齿轮21上,再由差速器22把动力传递给车辆驱动轴。
5、并联驱动;
当发动机1在一档位上进行驱动时,电机二20可以参与驱动,形成一种并联模式。当车辆在某些严苛工况下,有更大动力需求且车辆电池电量充足时,电机一12也可同时短时间的参与驱动,形成另一种并联模式。
当发动机1在第二档位上进行驱动时,电机二20参与驱动。电机二20输出动力依次通过电机二的传动轴19、齿轮九18、齿轮八23、齿轮一15、齿轮四4后,与发动机1输出动力在行星架3.3处汇合,汇合后的动力再依次通过外齿圈3.1、齿轮三7、齿轮二16、同步器14、中间轴17、齿轮五13传递到差速器齿轮21上,再由差速器22把动力传递给车辆驱动轴。另外,当车辆在某些严苛工况下,有更大动力需求且车辆电池电量充足时,电机一12也可同时短时间的参与驱动,形成另一种并联模式。
综上所述,总共可形成四种并联模式,可根据整车控制策略选取。
6、行车发电;
当发动机1在一档、二档位上进行驱动时,由于齿轮六9与齿轮七10啮合,发动机1可以同时驱动电机一12和电机二20发电,形成二种行车发电模式。
对应车辆在一档、二档上的并联模式,将电机二20由驱动状态调整为发电状态,即可形成四种行车发电模式。
综上所述,总共可形成六种行车发电模式,可根据整车控制策略选取。
7、ECVT(electronic continuously variable transmission,无极变速);
接合同步器右侧接合端14.1,打开离合器6和制动器5。此时发动机1与太阳轮3.4相连,电机二20通过齿轮九18、齿轮八23、齿轮一15、齿轮四4与行星架3.3相连,外齿圈3.1通过齿轮三7、齿轮二16、同步器14与中间轴17相连。此时可以使用ECVT模式,发动机1和电机二20共同驱动,或者发动机1驱动同时带动电机二20发电。
在ECVT模式下,可以利用发动机1平稳起步,特别是在电池电量不足时,不用等待充电;在持续以较低车速行驶时,发动机1可通过ECVT模式驱动,同时发电。
通过ECVT模式,可以提供平顺的起步和低速行驶功能,省却发动机起步装置,避免摩擦式起步和低速行驶的控制风险。
ECVT模式下,可根据车辆控制策略,选择电机一12是否参入发电或驱动。
8、换挡扭矩补偿;
发动机1进行任意换档时,都可以接合同步器左侧接合端14.2,让电机二20在P3位置进行扭矩填充,接替发动机1驱动车辆,从而避免动力中断,同时等待电机一12做转速同步。因为电机二20转速确定,所以行星架3.3转速确定,此时调节电机一12转速,即调节太阳轮3.4转速,使外齿圈3.1与行星架3.3转速差减小到一定范围。待新档位对应的同步器14两端的转速非常接近后,推动同步器14完成挂挡。这样换档执行机构也可考虑使用成本相对较低的机电式结构。
应当理解的是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:包括发动机(1)、行星齿轮机构(3)、同步器(14)和电机一(12),行星齿轮机构(3)包括与发动机的传动轴(8)固连的太阳轮(3.4)、与制动器(5)连接的外齿圈(3.1)、通过离合器(6)与外齿圈(3.1)连接的行星架(3.3)、设在行星架(3.3)上且分别与太阳轮(3.4)和外齿圈(3.1)啮合的行星齿轮(3.2),同步器(14)固连在中间轴(17)上,同步器(14)两侧能分别与空套在中间轴(17)上的齿轮一(15)和齿轮二(16)接合,外齿圈(3.1)和行星架(3.3)分别同轴的固连有齿轮三(7)和齿轮四(4),齿轮三(7)和齿轮四(4)分别直接或间接与齿轮二(16)和齿轮一(15)啮合,中间轴(17)、发动机的传动轴(8)和电机一的传动轴(11)上分别固连有齿轮五(13)、齿轮六(9)和齿轮七(10),齿轮五(13)和齿轮六(9)分别直接或间接与固连在差速器(22)上的差速器齿轮(21)和齿轮七(10)啮合。
2.如权利要求1所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:还包括电机二(20),中间轴(17)和电机二的传动轴(19)上分别固连有齿轮八(23)和齿轮九(18),齿轮八(23)和齿轮九(18)直接或间接啮合。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:停车发动机起动模式下,电机一(12)产生驱动力反拖发动机(1)到合适转速以启动。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:发动机直驱模式下,发动机(1)具有2个前进档位,采用一档时,接合制动器(5)使外齿圈(3.1)锁止,接合同步器(14)使齿轮一(15)和中间轴(17)相连,采用二档时,接合离合器(6)使外齿圈(3.1)与行星架(3.3)固连,接合同步器使中间轴(17)与齿轮二(16)相连。
5.如权利要求1所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:行车发电模式下,发动机(1)在任意档位时,电机一(12)采用发电状态;停车发电模式下,发动机(1)工作,电机二(20)采用发电状态。
6.如权利要求1所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:并联驱动模式下,当车辆在严苛工况下,有更大动力需求且车辆电池电量充足时,电机一12短时间的参与驱动。
7.如权利要求2所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:行车发电模式下,发动机(1)在任意档位时,根据整车控制策略选择电机二(20)和\或电机一(12)采用发电状态;停车发电模式下,发动机(1)工作,电机一(12)采用发电状态,当有快速充电要求时,接合制动器(5),电机二(20)和电机一(12)采用发电状态。
8.如权利要求2所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:并联驱动模式下,发动机(1)在任意档位时,电机二(20)和\或电机一(12)参与驱动,电机一(12)只有车辆在严苛工况下,有更大动力需求且车辆电池电量充足时,短时间的参与驱动。
9.如权利要求2所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:纯电驱动模式下,电机二(20)驱动,发动机(1)处于静止状态,接合同步器(14)使齿轮四(4)与齿轮一(15)啮合。
10.如权利要求2所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:ECVT模式下,接合同步器使中间轴(17)与齿轮二(16)相连,打开离合器(6)和制动器(5),通过发动机(1)平稳起步和低速行驶,电机二(20)共同驱动或由发动机(1)带动发电,根据车辆控制策略选择电机一(12)是否参入发电或驱动。
11.如权利要求2所述的换挡时利用电机调速的混合动力车辆驱动系统,其特征在于:换挡扭矩补偿模式下,发动机(1)进行任意换档时,接合同步器(14)使齿轮一(15)和中间轴(17)相连,电机二(20)进行扭矩填充,接替发动机(1)驱动车辆,避免动力中断,同时等待电机一(12)做转速同步,电机二(20)转速确定,即行星架(3.3)转速确定,调节电机一(12)转速,即调节太阳轮(3.4)转速,使外齿圈(3.1)与行星架(3.3)转速差减小到一定范围,待新档位对应的同步器(14)两端的转速非常接近后,推动同步器(14)完成挂挡。
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CN113815407B (zh) * 2021-08-20 2023-06-27 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 一种动力传动系统及车辆
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