CN111974408B - 一种固载化非均相芬顿催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种固载化非均相芬顿催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种固载化非均相芬顿催化剂及其制备方法和应用,制备方法为:将118.0~122.0g/L的Al(NO3)3·9H2O、9.0~11.0g/L的Mn(NO3)2·4H2O和7.0~9.0g/L的Co(NO3)2·6H2O加入水中,形成浸渍液;将直径为0.5~1mm的氧化铝球在所述浸渍液中浸渍2~3h,得到产物A;将所述产物A于NH4HCO3溶液中浸泡2~3h后,再于KNO3溶液中浸泡2~3h,随后静置陈化12~16h,得到产物B;清洗所述产物B表面的杂质,冷却至室温后再次洗涤,烘干后得到产物C;将所述产物C煅烧4~5h,冷却后得到固载化非均相芬顿催化剂。本发明的催化剂能在固化床反应器中性条件下连续运行,始终保持良好的催化性能与稳定性,显著提高制药废水等重污染行业废水的可生化性,在难降解废水预处理领域具有极大的应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种固载化非均相芬顿催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,我国制药等行业的迅速发展带来了严重的药物等难降解污染物排放问题,将造成巨大的健康风险,合成制药废水处理已经成为公众日益关注的问题。合成制药企业产品种类繁多、原料组分复杂,多采用序批式生产方式,导致其排放废水水质水量波动大、有机物浓度高、毒性难降解物质含量高,可生化性差,研发高效稳定的合成制药废水预处理技术意义重大。
芬顿氧化作为最常见的高级氧化技术,其氧化效率高、工艺简单,显著降低废水毒性、提高可生化性,已广泛应用于合成制药废水预处理技术中。由于传统均相芬顿反应存在H2O2利用率低、pH适用范围窄、产生铁泥造成二次污染等缺陷,逐渐被非均相芬顿反应取代。相比经典均相芬顿体系中H2O2主要与溶液中金属离子发生一系列链反应,非均相类芬顿催化体系将自由的金属离子固相化,通过固体催化剂表面活性中心氧化还原反应驱动界面电子迁移,诱发吸附在催化剂表面的H2O2分解产生·OH和HO2·/O2-·等活性自由基,高效氧化分解难降解有机污染物。非均相芬顿具有pH响应范围较宽、易固液分离、可循环利用等优点,但由于催化剂与反应溶液间固液两相的传质阻力,使得催化活性大大降低,金属物种的高价态还原为低价态仍是整个循环反应的速控步;传质吸附过程与催化剂粒径、内部结构、活性中心以及表面特性等有关,高表面积的粉末状催化剂却具有难以回收的问题;pH适应范围与稳定性仍有待进一步突破。这一系列问题严重限制了非均相芬顿催化剂的实际应用。
因此,研发高催化活性、宽pH响应范围、高稳定性且利于回收的催化剂是推广非均相芬顿催化剂实际应用的关键,对难降解废水的处理将有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺陷,并提供一种固载化非均相芬顿催化剂及其制备方法和应用。本发明的催化剂为钾掺杂铝锰钴复合金属氧化物固载氧化铝球,具有高催化活性、宽pH响应范围、高稳定性且利于回收。
本发明所采用的具体技术方案如下:
一种固载化非均相芬顿催化剂的制备方法,具体如下:将118.0~122.0g/L的Al(NO3)3·9H2O、9.0~11.0g/L的Mn(NO3)2·4H2O和7.0~9.0g/L的Co(NO3)2·6H2O加入水中,搅拌溶解后形成浸渍液;将直径为0.5~1mm的氧化铝球在所述浸渍液中浸渍2~3h,得到产物A;将所述产物A于NH4HCO3溶液中浸泡2~3h后,再于KNO3溶液中浸泡2~3h,随后静置陈化12~16h,得到产物B;清洗所述产物B表面的杂质,冷却至室温后再次洗涤,烘干后得到产物C;将所述产物C煅烧4~5h,冷却后得到固载化非均相芬顿催化剂。
作为优选,每100g所述氧化铝球在100mL所述浸渍液中浸渍,浸渍温度为40℃。
作为优选,所述NH4HCO3溶液和KNO3溶液浓度均为0.5mol/L。
作为优选,所述陈化时的温度为105℃。
作为优选,所述煅烧时的温度为500℃,煅烧过程中的升温速率为5℃/min。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种根据上述任一所述制备方法制得的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂。
作为优选,所述催化剂为钾掺杂铝锰钴复合金属氧化物固载的蓝灰色氧化铝球,直径为0.5~1mm,比表面积为50~230m2/g,孔隙容积为0.12~0.46cm3/g。
作为优选,所述催化剂表面的Al表现为+3价,Mn表现为+2价、+3价和+4价,Co表现为+2价和+3价;催化剂具有K-O-Co(Mn)键。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种利用上述催化剂对制药废水预处理的方法,所述制药废水中的污染物为二氯甲烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、2-甲氨基吡啶、苯甲酸、苯乙胺、氯仿和二氯乙烷。
作为优选,所述催化剂与制药废水在pH为7~9的条件下室温反应,制药废水的初始B/C值为0.17,催化剂的投加量为50g/L。
本发明相对于现有技术而言,具有以下有益效果:
本发明将制备得到的催化剂在固化床反应器中运行两周,其中,制药废水的进水pH为7~9、TOC浓度为2150mg/L。结果发现,本发明的催化剂对制药废水的TOC去除率保持在31%,B/C由0.17提升至0.41左右,且无明显金属物质浸出,展现出良好的催化性能和稳定性。本发明的催化剂能在固化床反应器中性条件下连续运行,始终保持良好的催化性能与稳定性,显著提高制药废水等重污染行业废水的可生化性,在难降解废水预处理领域具有极大的应用潜力。
本发明与现有技术中常用的均相芬顿相比,催化剂的药剂成本与固废产量均有所降低。因此,本发明制备的催化剂通过与制药废水发生非均相芬顿反应,可在中性室温条件下对制药废水进行预处理,并且实现了成本低廉、工艺简便、具高稳定性且无二次污染的有益效果,具有极大的应用潜力。
附图说明
图1为本发明使用的固化床反应器的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例中制得的催化剂对制药废水TOC的去除效果;
图3为本发明实施例中制得的催化剂制药废水预处理时B/C的变化情况;
图中:进气口1,风机2,气体分布器3,反应器主体4,进水口5,进水泵6,进水罐7,内套管8,外套管9,三相分离器10,出水口11,出水罐12。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步阐述和说明。本发明中各个实施方式的技术特征在没有相互冲突的前提下,均可进行相应组合。
实施例
本实施例中采用的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂的制备方法具体如下:
在每1.0L去离子水中加入120.0g的Al(NO3)3·9H2O、10.0g的Mn(NO3)2·4H2O和8.0g的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,充分搅拌使得上述三种溶质完全溶解,形成浸渍液。在40℃条件下将100g直径位于0.5~1mm范围内的氧化铝球在100mL浸渍液中浸渍2h,得到产物A。将浸渍后的产物A从浸渍液中捞出,在浓度为0.5mol/L的NH4HCO3溶液中浸泡静置2h后,再在0.5mol/L的KNO3溶液中浸泡静置2h,随后在105℃的烘箱中静置陈化12h,得到产物B。用清水洗去产物B表面未被负载到氧化铝球表面的物质,冷却至室温后再次洗涤,随后烘干得到产物C。最后500℃的条件下煅烧4h,煅烧过程中的升温速率为5℃/min,冷却至室温后,得到固载化非均相芬顿催化剂,即钾掺杂铝锰钴复合金属氧化物固载的蓝灰色氧化铝球。
由上述方法制得的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂,直径0.5~1mm。根据表征结果得出,该催化剂表面的Al价态均表现为Al3+,Mn价态以Mn2+、Mn3+和Mn4+为主,Co价态以Co2+和Co3+为主,形成了K-O-Co(Mn)键,比表面积为230m2/g,孔隙容积为0.46cm3/g。
为了验证本实施例制备得到的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂对制药废水的预处理效果,将制备得到的催化剂在固化床反应器中运行两周,观察废水中TOC值和B/C值的变化情况。
图1给出了本实施例中使用的固化床反应器的结构图,该固化床反应器包括反应器主体4、气体分布器3和三相分离器10,各部件的具体结构及组配关系如下:反应器主体4包括同轴套设的内套管8和外套管9,内套管8和外套管9之间构成环形区域,环形区域的上部和下部均分别与内套管8的顶部和底部相连通。在内套管8的下部设有气体分布器3,气体分布器3下方的内套管8底部开设进气口1,通过管路与外部的风机2相连通,风机2用于向内套管8的底部供气。外套管9的下部开设进水口5,进水口5通过管路与外部的进水罐7相连通,管路上设有进水泵6,通过进水泵6的作用将进水罐7中的待处理废水通入反应器主体4。反应器主体4的顶部设有三相分离器10,在位于三相分离器10上部的反应器主体4侧壁上开设出水口11用于出水,出水口11通过管路与外部的出水罐12相连通,将排出的水流收集于出水罐12中。
以某合成制药厂实际工段出水为固化床反应器的目标废水,考察本发明制备所得到的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂在中性条件下连续运行的催化活性与稳定性。目标废水中含有二氯甲烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、2-甲氨基吡啶、苯甲酸、苯乙胺、氯仿和二氯乙烷等难降解污染物,初始B/C值为0.17。
运行条件为:先将目标废水和过氧化氢通入进水罐7中混合,然后通过进水泵6输送入反应器主体4中,目标废水的流量为10mL/min,过氧化氢(30%)的流量为0.3mL/min,目标废水和过氧化氢混合后的混合溶液中过氧化氢的浓度为0.3M。进水TOC负荷为8.6kg/(m3·d),TOC浓度为2150mg/L,催化剂投加量为50g/L,水力停留时间为6h,反应体系的pH为7~9。
图2为本实施例制备所得到的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂在固化床反应器中对于目标废水TOC的降解效果曲线。从图中可以发现,连续两周运行后,废水TOC的去除率都在31%左右。可见本发明所合成的催化剂在中性条件下具有持久的催化活性。
图3为本实施例制备所得到的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂在固化床反应器中连续运行的出水B/C变化曲线。从图中可以发现,目标废水最初的B/C为0.17,连续两周运行后,废水B/C比值保持在0.41左右,极大提高了废水可生化性。可见本发明所合成的催化剂打破了制药废水的生化降解限值,对制药废水的预处理方面具有较好的效果。此外,运行过程中无明显金属物质浸出,展现出良好的稳定性。与现有技术中常用的均相芬顿相比,本发明使用的药剂成本与固废产量均有所降低。
这些研究结果表明,本发明的催化剂能在固化床反应器中性条件下连续运行,始终保持良好的催化性能与稳定性,显著提高制药废水等重污染行业废水的可生化性,在难降解废水预处理领域具有极大的应用潜力。本发明制备的催化剂通过与制药废水发生非均相芬顿反应,可在中性室温条件下对制药废水进行预处理,并且实现了成本低廉、工艺简便、具高稳定性且无二次污染的有益效果,具有极大的应用潜力。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,然其并非用以限制本发明。有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型。因此凡采取等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1. 一种固载化非均相芬顿催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体如下:将118.0~122.0g/L的Al(NO3)3·9H2O、9.0~11.0 g/L的Mn(NO3)2·4H2O和7.0~9.0 g/L的Co(NO3)2·6H2O加入水中,搅拌溶解后形成浸渍液;将直径为0.5~1mm的氧化铝球在所述浸渍液中浸渍 2~3h,得到产物A;将所述产物A于NH4HCO3溶液中浸泡2~3 h后,再于KNO3溶液中浸泡2~3 h,随后静置陈化12~16 h,得到产物B;清洗所述产物B表面的杂质,冷却至室温后再次洗涤,烘干后得到产物C;将所述产物C煅烧4~5 h,冷却后得到固载化非均相芬顿催化剂;所述NH4HCO3溶液和KNO3溶液浓度均为0.5 mol/L。
2. 根据权利要求1所述固载化非均相芬顿催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,每100 g所述氧化铝球在100 mL所述浸渍液中浸渍,浸渍温度为40 ℃。
3. 根据权利要求1所述固载化非均相芬顿催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述陈化时的温度为105 ℃。
4. 根据权利要求1所述固载化非均相芬顿催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述煅烧时的温度为500 ℃,煅烧过程中的升温速率为5 ℃/min。
5.一种根据权利要求1~4任一所述制备方法制得的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂为钾掺杂铝锰钴复合金属氧化物固载的蓝灰色氧化铝球,直径为0.5~1 mm,比表面积为50~230m2/g,孔隙容积为0.12~0.46 cm3/g。
7.根据权利要求5所述的固载化非均相芬顿催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂表面的Al表现为+3价,Mn表现为+2价、+3价和+4价,Co表现为+2价和+3价;催化剂具有K-O-Co键和K-O-Mn键。
8.一种利用权利要求5所述催化剂对制药废水预处理的方法,其特征在于,所述制药废水中的污染物为二氯甲烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、2-甲氨基吡啶、苯甲酸、苯乙胺、氯仿和二氯乙烷。
9. 根据权利要求8所述催化剂对制药废水预处理的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂与制药废水在pH为7~9的条件下室温反应,制药废水的初始B/C值为0.17,催化剂的投加量为50 g/L。
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