CN111955257A - Forest-grass-poultry ecological cycle mode for improving economic benefit of carya illinoensis orchard - Google Patents
Forest-grass-poultry ecological cycle mode for improving economic benefit of carya illinoensis orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955257A CN111955257A CN202010803413.9A CN202010803413A CN111955257A CN 111955257 A CN111955257 A CN 111955257A CN 202010803413 A CN202010803413 A CN 202010803413A CN 111955257 A CN111955257 A CN 111955257A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of apocarya planting, and particularly provides a forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving economic benefits of an apocarya orchard. According to the invention, the pecan planting, the forage grass planting and the poultry breeding are combined, the vacant land of the orchard is fully utilized, the poultry is raised in the forest, the forage grass is cut to feed the poultry, the excrement generated by the poultry is used as an organic fertilizer to be applied to the orchard, and the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is adopted, so that the water-soil protection is facilitated, the fertility of the orchard soil is improved, the growth speed of trees is increased, the early economic benefit of the pecan orchard is improved, the growth of miscellaneous trees and weeds is reduced, the pesticide pollution area of the orchard is reduced, the ecological environment of the orchard is obviously improved, and the ecological benefit is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of apocarya planting, in particular to a forest-grass-poultry ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of an apocarya orchard.
Background
Apocarya, also known as pecan and american hickory, is a plant of the genus hickory of the family juglandaceae, native to the united states and mexico, and is one of the world's important dry fruit tree species of oil plants. The pecan shell is thin and easy to peel, the kernel meat is fat and delicious, the kernel content reaches more than 50%, the kernel oil content is more than 70%, the unsaturated fatty acid content is more than 90%, and the pecan shell has higher nutritional value and economic value. Since the 20 th century, more than 20 countries in the world have introduced apocarya species for planting. The carya illinoensis is introduced into China in 1900 years, has the history of nearly 120 years so far, and is subjected to continuous efforts of generations of people, particularly over nearly 20 years, so that researchers breed some excellent varieties such as Boney, Kyoto, Shaoxing, Stewart and the like through introduction. Meanwhile, the method breaks through the root-rich grafting container seedling technology of the carya illinoensis (a method for quickly propagating excellent variety seedlings of the carya illinoensis, patent number is ZL201410239981.5), and the achievement of the scores lays a solid foundation for the industrialized development of the carya illinoensis.
However, the child period of the carya illinoensis is long, and the seedlings can bear fruits only after about 10 years, so that benefits are generated. Although the grafted seedlings of the carya illinoensis can achieve the purpose of bearing fruits 3 years after field planting after long-term efforts of researchers, the yield is low, 6-8 years of time is needed for the grafted seedlings to enter a high-yield period, idle waste of land is caused, and because the carya illinoensis cannot form the yield in the early stage, a grower cannot obtain the income in the childhood of the carya illinoensis, and needs to input certain manpower and financial management for young carya illinoensis seedlings, the economic pressure of the grower in the childhood of the carya illinoensis is large, the planting enthusiasm of the grower is severely restricted, and the industrialized development of the carya illinoensis is restricted. As we know, the apocarya spends 6-8 years of arduous period, the yield increases year by year, after 10 years, the yield per mu is 300 jin, the economic benefit per mu reaches 1.5 ten thousand yuan, and the income can reach hundreds of years, and the apocarya is an offspring tree which is enjoyed the cool and benefits offspring after the former tree planting. Therefore, the planting of the carya illinoensis has very wide industrial prospect. How to solve the problem that the apocarya orchard has no economic benefit in the early stage and is economic under the forest, and the apocarya orchard brings certain economic benefit by utilizing the space under the forest in the early stage is one of the problems which are always explored by researchers.
In order to solve the problems that the apocarya orchard has no economic benefit in the early stage and is economic under forests, some attempts are made by researchers. At present, the method mainly comprises the steps of interplanting apocarya with peony for oil, compound planting of the apocarya with tea, intercropping of peanuts, rapes or buckwheat between lines of the apocarya, planting of lycoris in mature apocarya orchards and the like, and the method can be used as an under-forest economic mode of the apocarya orchard to improve the economic benefit of the apocarya orchard. However, so far, no report on the circulation ecological mode of the apocarya combined with cultivation exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forest-grass-poultry ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of a carya illinoensis orchard, which is used for solving the technical problems that the carya illinoensis orchard has no economic benefit in the early stage and is economical in the forest.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) garden address selection: the land location is selected to be flat land or low hilly land, the soil layer thickness is more than 1 meter, the illumination is sufficient, the drainage and irrigation are good, and the land needs to be close to a water source or have irrigation conditions;
(2) variety selection: selecting 3-4 excellent varieties which can pollinate with each other when the thin-shell hickory nut blossoms together, wherein 1-2 excellent varieties are main cultivars, and the others are pollinated varieties; the pasture variety is selected from one or more of alfalfa, ryegrass, sudan grass and small goose grass; selecting local improved-breed poultry or hybrids of local improved-breed poultry varieties with strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong foraging capability, coarse feeding resistance, tender meat quality and delicious taste, wherein the blood system of the local improved-breed poultry or the local improved-breed poultry varieties accounts for more than 75%;
(3) soil improvement: before planting the carya illinoensis, uniformly applying an organic fertilizer to a planting field, preparing soil according to field conditions, leveling the soil, and then deeply ploughing the soil in the whole field, wherein the deep ploughing depth of the soil is 30-40 cm;
(4) planting apocarya: selecting autumn, digging a planting hole with the length, width and height of (80 cm-100 cm) × (80 cm-100 cm) × (80 cm-100 cm), paving a machine fertilizer in the planting hole, backfilling surface soil into the planting hole, freezing deep soil for more than 30 days, backfilling into the planting hole, leveling the backfilled soil with the original ground, placing a carya illinoensis seedling into the planting hole, covering soil around the seedling, watering thoroughly after planting, and setting the planting row spacing of carya illinoensis to be (6-8) mx (8-10) m;
(5) planting the under-forest pasture: the method can be used for sowing the forage grass all the year round, weeds are removed before sowing, the ground is cleaned and loosened, a mode of sowing the forage grass seeds in a row is adopted, the sowing depth is 2cm, the row spacing is 20cm-30cm, the distance between the forage grass and the roots of carya illinoensis is 60cm-100cm, proper suppression is carried out after sowing, and the weight of the forage grass seeds sowed in each mu of carya illinoensis orchard is 3 kg-4 kg;
(6) poultry house construction and pastoral area division: breeding poultry in a carya illinoensis orchard, and implementing a rotation grazing stocking system, wherein the rotation grazing cycle is 40-60 days, grazing is performed in each grazing area for 10-15 days, and grazing is performed for 30-45 days; every 100 mu of carya illinoensis orchard is a grazing farm, the grazing farm is divided into 3-6 feeding areas, each feeding area is divided into 4 pasturing areas, movable fences are arranged in the grazing areas, 3-4 poultry houses are built in each grazing farm, each poultry house is a greenhouse with the length of 50m and the width of 8m, 700 and 900 poultry are cultured in each greenhouse, manure storage pits with the depth of 20cm-30cm are dug in each greenhouse, the occupied area of each manure storage pit is consistent with that of each greenhouse, and a plastic net is laid on each manure storage pit to facilitate the manure of the poultry to enter the pits;
(7) irrigation and pest management: paving a drip irrigation system in the whole garden, and drilling one drip irrigation water well in each 50 mu of orchard; the pest control in the orchard mainly combines artificial control, biological control and physical control;
(8) treatment and use of poultry excrement: the excrement in the poultry house is cleaned once a year and is directly used as a base fertilizer for the carya illinoensis trees after being bagged by snakeskin bags.
Preferably, in the step (2), in the selection of the variety, the lion goose is selected from the poultry bred in the forest in the Jiangsu area.
Preferably, in the step (3), 2-10 tons of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of planting field.
Preferably, in the planting of the carya illinoensis in the step (4), the main planted variety and the pollinated variety of the carya illinoensis are grafted seedlings with developed root systems, the height of the grafted seedlings is more than 1.5 m, the thickness of organic fertilizer laid in the planting holes is 45-55 cm, the height of surface soil backfilled into the planting holes is 20cm, the surrounding soil covering height is 20-30 cm higher than the ground after the planting of the carya illinoensis seedlings is finished, the seedlings are subjected to fixed drying at 0.9-1.2 m after the planting, the tree form adopts a main trunk layering type, the young forest period is shortened in winter, and the method of cutting teeth and pruning by taking branches is adopted in the growing season, so that the culture of bearing branches is accelerated, and early bearing fruit is promoted.
Preferably, in the under-forest pasture planting of the step (5), the Sudan grass and the alfalfa are sown in a mixed mode in spring, summer and autumn, or the Sudan grass and the gosling grass are sown in a mixed mode in winter, the ryegrass is sown, and before sowing, if the seeds are hard, the seeds are soaked in water one day in advance.
Preferably, in the step (6) of building the poultry house and dividing the pastoral area, the frame of the greenhouse is made of steel frames, the roof of the greenhouse is made of color steel tiles, the height of the roof is 2.8-3.2 m, two sides of the greenhouse are built into 0.6-1 m high walls by fireproof aluminum alloy plates, doors and windows are reserved on the high walls, the high walls on the sunny side of the greenhouse are provided with entrances and exits for poultry to enter and exit every 4-5 m, and drainage ditches are dug around the greenhouse.
Preferably, in the building of the poultry house and the division of the pasturing area in the step (6), a water sports field and an open space for free movement of poultry are built in each grazing farm, the water sports field is formed by artificial excavation, the depth of the water sports field is 50-60 cm, the width of the water sports field is 8m, a steel pipe greenhouse is built above the water sports field, and air bricks are laid at the bottoms of the poultry house, the open space and the water sports field.
Preferably, in the step (7) of irrigation and pest and disease management, the water sports field is connected with an irrigation pipeline of the drip irrigation system, a sedimentation tank is arranged at the joint of the water sports field and the drip irrigation system, water flowing out of the water sports field is used for irrigating fruit trees after being precipitated by the sedimentation tank, and the sedimentation tank is used for removing solids such as silt and excrement so as to avoid blocking the irrigation pipeline.
Preferably, in the irrigation and pest management in the step (7), a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is adopted, each grazing farm is provided with a reservoir with the length of 10m-15m, the width of 3m-5m and the depth of 3.0m, the reservoir is used for storing biogas slurry retted by poultry excrement, the biogas slurry is filtered by a filtering system and is conveyed to the root of a fruit tree through an irrigation pipeline as a liquid fertilizer, prefabricated plates are paved on six surfaces of the reservoir, an eight-stage filtering system is arranged in the reservoir, the interior of the reservoir is set according to a septic tank, a facility storage room is built near the reservoir, a drip irrigation control system is installed in the facility storage room, ditches are dug along the periphery of a plot of the orchard, irrigation pipelines are laid and communicated with the reservoir, the irrigation pipelines are divided into a main pipe and branch pipes, the main pipe is arranged in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, a branch pipe is laid around, the branch pipe is connected with a water delivery thin pipe, and a micro-spray head is arranged between every two fruit trees.
Preferably, in the irrigation and pest management in the step (7), the pest management method adopts a method of manual capture and winter whitening, for phototropic pests, solar light trapping lamps are mainly used for trapping, killing and preventing, one solar light trapping lamp is arranged in each 30-50 mu orchard, and some biological safety fungicides are used for preventing and treating black spot and gray spot of carya illinoensis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: in the juvenile period of the carya illinoensis, the open land area among plants is large, the exposed area of soil is large, the runoff of the surface is slowed down by planting pasture in the forest, the water and soil loss is reduced, the growth of miscellaneous trees and weeds is reduced, pesticides do not need to be sprayed for clearing weeds in the forest, the pesticide pollution area of the forest is reduced, the ecological environment of an orchard is obviously improved, and the ecological benefit is obviously improved; the vacant land of the orchard forest is fully utilized, the poultry is raised in the forest, and the forage grass is cut to feed the poultry, so that the raised poultry not only can bring economic benefit, but also the excrement generated by the poultry can be used as an organic fertilizer to be applied to the orchard, the fertility of the orchard soil is improved, the fertilizer does not need to be purchased additionally, the cost is saved, the growth speed of trees is accelerated, the pecan trees are promoted to fruit as early as possible, the income is improved, and the low benefit problem that zero income is generated and the pecan trees need to be continuously input within a plurality of years after the pecan trees are fixedly planted is solved; and a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is adopted, irrigation and fertilization operations are simultaneously carried out on the fruit trees, the requirements of the fruit trees on water and nutrients are timely and properly met, and the water and fertilizer synchronous management and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer are realized.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Examples
The forest-grass-poultry ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of the carya illinoensis orchard specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) garden address selection: the land of the garden is selected from flat land or low hilly land, the soil layer has thickness of more than 1 meter, sufficient illumination and good drainage and irrigation, and the land needs to be close to a water source or have irrigation conditions.
(2) Variety selection: the carya illinoensis selects 3-4 excellent varieties which can be pollinated mutually in the flowering phase, wherein 1-2 excellent varieties are main cultivars, and the others are pollinated varieties, wherein the main cultivars can be selected from Bonni, Wildca, Marhan, Wiston, Shortoni and Jinhua, and the pollinated varieties can be selected from Marhan, Boxi and Shortoni; the pasture variety is selected from one or more of alfalfa, ryegrass, sudan grass and small goose grass; the method is characterized in that local improved-breed poultry or local improved-breed poultry varieties with strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong foraging capability, coarse feeding resistance, tender meat quality and delicious taste are selected for poultry cultured in forests, and the lion goose can be selected for poultry cultured in the forests in Jiangsu areas.
(3) Soil improvement: before planting the carya illinoensis, uniformly applying organic fertilizer to a planting field, applying 2-10 tons of organic fertilizer to each mu of the planting field, preparing soil according to field conditions, leveling the soil, and then deeply ploughing the soil in the whole field, wherein the deep ploughing depth of the soil is 30-40 cm.
(4) Planting apocarya: selecting autumn, digging a planting hole with the length, width and height of (80 cm-100 cm) × (80 cm-100 cm) × (80 cm-100 cm) × (80 cm-100 cm), paving an organic fertilizer with the thickness of 45 cm-55 cm in the planting hole, backfilling surface soil into the planting hole, backfilling the surface soil into the planting hole with the height of 20cm, freezing deep soil for more than 30 days, backfilling into the planting hole, leveling the backfilled soil with the original ground, selecting a good variety of grafted seedlings with developed root systems with the height of more than 1.5 m, placing the grafted seedlings into the planting hole, covering soil around the seedlings, planting the planting hole with the height of 20cm-30cm higher than the ground, watering after planting, watering, setting the row spacing of the carya illinoensis nuts at (6-8) mx(8-10) m, setting the seedlings at the position of 0.9 m-1.2 m after planting, adopting a layered tree form and a young forest period, cutting in winter, adopting the method of carving teeth and pruning by taking branches in growing season, accelerating the culture of fruiting branches and promoting early fruiting.
(5) Planting the under-forest pasture: the pasture can be sowed all the year round, the mixed sowing of Sudan grass and alfalfa is adopted in spring, summer and autumn, or the mixed sowing of Sudan grass and goose grass is adopted in winter, ryegrass is sowed, and before sowing, if the seeds are hard, the seeds are soaked with water one day in advance to accelerate the germination of the seeds. The method comprises the steps of removing weeds before sowing, cleaning the ground and loosening the soil, adopting a mode of sowing pasture seeds in rows, wherein the sowing depth is 2cm, the row spacing is 20-30 cm, the distance between the pasture and the root of the carya illinoensis is 60-100 cm, properly compacting after sowing, compacting the soil blocks after sowing to break soil blocks, making up ground surface gaps, reducing evaporation, preventing soil moisture loss, enabling seeds to be in close contact with wet soil, promoting water absorption and germination of the seeds, improving the rate of emergence, enabling the weight of the pasture seeds sowed in each mu of carya illinoensis orchard to be 3-4 kg, and adjusting the sowing amount according to the terrain, climate, soil fertility, seed purity and quality of the orchard.
(6) Poultry house construction and pastoral area division: breeding poultry in a carya illinoensis orchard, and implementing a rotation grazing stocking system, wherein the rotation grazing cycle is 40-60 days, grazing is performed in each grazing area for 10-15 days, and grazing is performed for 30-45 days; every 100 mu of carya illinoensis orchard is a grazing farm, the grazing farm is divided into 3-6 raising areas, each raising area is divided into 4 pasturing areas, movable fences are arranged in the grazing areas, 3-4 poultry houses are built in each grazing farm, each poultry house is a greenhouse with the length of 50m and the width of 8m, 700-900 poultry raising wells are arranged in each greenhouse, manure storage pits with the depth of 20cm-30cm are dug in each greenhouse, the occupied area of each manure storage pit is consistent with that of each greenhouse, and a plastic net is laid on each manure storage pit, so that manure of the poultry can conveniently enter the pits. The greenhouse frame is made of steel frames, the greenhouse roof is made of color steel tiles, the height of the greenhouse roof is 2.8-3.2 m, the two sides of the greenhouse are built into a 0.6-1 m high wall by fireproof aluminum alloy plates, doors and windows are reserved on the high wall, entrances and exits for poultry to enter and exit are formed in the high wall of the sunny side of the greenhouse every 4-5 m, drainage ditches are dug around the greenhouse, rainwater can be drained away in time when raining is facilitated, and rainwater is prevented from flowing into the greenhouse and affecting the healthy growth of the poultry. An aquatic playground and an open space for free movement of poultry are built in each grazing farm, the aquatic playground is formed by artificial excavation, the depth of the aquatic playground is 50-60 cm, the width of the aquatic playground is 8m, a steel pipe greenhouse is also built above the aquatic playground, a sunshade net can be laid on the top of the steel pipe greenhouse in summer to provide a cool and comfortable living environment for the poultry, and air bricks are laid on the bottom of the poultry house, the open space and the bottom of the aquatic playground and have good thermal stability, scouring resistance, erosion resistance and permeability resistance, so that the operation is safe and reliable, and the service life is long.
(7) Irrigation and pest management: a drip irrigation system is paved in the whole garden, and one drip irrigation water well is drilled in each 50 mu of orchard. The water stadium links to each other with drip irrigation system's irrigation pipe, and the junction of the two is provided with the sedimentation tank, is used for watering the fruit tree after the sedimentation of sedimentation tank by the water that the stadium flows out on water, and the sedimentation tank is used for getting rid of solids such as silt, excrement and urine to avoid blockking up irrigation pipe. Adopting a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system, wherein each grazing farm is provided with a reservoir with the length of 10-15 m, the width of 3-5 m and the depth of 3.0m, the reservoir is used for storing biogas slurry made by retting poultry excrement, the biogas slurry is filtered by a filtering system and then is conveyed to the root of a fruit tree as a liquid fertilizer through an irrigation pipeline, prefabricated plates are laid on six surfaces of the reservoir, an eight-stage filtering system is arranged in the reservoir, the interior of the reservoir is arranged according to a septic tank, a facility storage room is built near the reservoir, a drip irrigation control system is installed in the facility storage room, an irrigation pipeline is laid along the periphery of a orchard block, the irrigation pipeline is communicated with the reservoir, the irrigation pipeline is divided into a main pipe and branch pipes, the main pipe is in the east-west direction, the branch pipes are in the north-south direction, a branch pipe is laid around each row of trees in the orchard, and a micro-spray head is arranged between every two fruit trees. The pest control in the orchard mainly combines artificial control, biological control and physical control. The pest and disease control method adopts a method of manual capture and winter whitening, and for phototropic pests, solar light trapping lamps are mainly used for trapping, killing and preventing, and one solar light trapping lamp is arranged in each 30-50 mu orchard. Use of certain bio-safe fungicides for the control of black spot and gray spot of pecans.
(8) Treatment and use of poultry excrement: the excrement in the poultry house is cleaned once a year and is directly used as a base fertilizer for the carya illinoensis trees after being bagged by snakeskin bags.
The method adopts a forest-grass-poultry ecological cycle mode, effectively utilizes the woodland open space to carry out poultry cultivation and pasture planting, and improves the early economic benefit and ecological benefit of the carya illinoensis orchard. 20-40 lion geese are raised in each mu of orchard every year, the annual economic benefit can reach 4000 yuan/mu of 2000 plus one year, the manual weeding cost can be saved by 300 yuan/mu due to the fact that pasture is planted among rows, the poultry manure is applied to the orchard without purchasing additional fertilizers, 300 yuan/mu of 200 plus one year is saved, and the income can be increased by 2500 plus one year, namely 4700 yuan/mu of 2500 plus one year per mu. Poultry raising in the orchard adopts the development concept of 'ecology, branding, scale, industrialization and marketization', attracts a large amount of social labor force, and drives the development of the second industry and the third industry while leading the poultry to be rich. By planting pasture in the forest, runoff on the ground surface is slowed down, water and soil loss is reduced, growth of miscellaneous trees and weeds is reduced, pesticide is not required to be sprayed for clearing weeds in the forest, the pesticide pollution area of the forest land is reduced, the ecological environment of the orchard is obviously improved, and the ecological benefit is obviously improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The forest-grass-poultry ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of the carya illinoensis orchard is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) garden address selection: the land location is selected to be flat land or low hilly land, the soil layer thickness is more than 1 meter, the illumination is sufficient, the drainage and irrigation are good, and the land needs to be close to a water source or have irrigation conditions;
(2) variety selection: selecting 3-4 excellent varieties which can be pollinated with each other when the thin-shell hickory nuts meet in the flowering phase, wherein 1-2 excellent varieties are main cultivars, and the others are pollinated varieties; the pasture variety is selected from one or more of alfalfa, ryegrass, sudan grass and small goose grass; selecting local improved-breed poultry or hybrids of local improved-breed poultry varieties with strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong foraging capability, coarse feeding resistance, tender meat quality and delicious taste, wherein the blood system of the local improved-breed poultry or the local improved-breed poultry varieties accounts for more than 75%;
(3) soil improvement: before planting the carya illinoensis, uniformly applying an organic fertilizer to a planting field, preparing soil according to field conditions, leveling the soil, and then deeply ploughing the soil in the whole field, wherein the deep ploughing depth of the soil is 30-40 cm;
(4) planting apocarya: selecting autumn, digging a planting hole with the length, width and height of (80 cm-100 cm) × (80 cm-100 cm) × (80 cm-100 cm), paving a machine fertilizer in the planting hole, backfilling surface soil into the planting hole, freezing deep soil for more than 30 days, backfilling into the planting hole, leveling the backfilled soil with the original ground, placing a carya illinoensis seedling into the planting hole, covering soil around the seedling, watering thoroughly after planting, and setting the planting row spacing of carya illinoensis to be (6-8) mx (8-10) m;
(5) planting the under-forest pasture: the method can be used for sowing the forage grass all the year round, weeds are removed before sowing, the ground is cleaned and loosened, a mode of sowing the forage grass seeds in a row is adopted, the sowing depth is 2cm, the row spacing is 20cm-30cm, the distance between the forage grass and the roots of carya illinoensis is 60cm-100cm, proper suppression is carried out after sowing, and the weight of the forage grass seeds sowed in each mu of carya illinoensis orchard is 3 kg-4 kg;
(6) poultry house construction and pastoral area division: breeding poultry in a carya illinoensis orchard, and implementing a rotation grazing stocking system, wherein the rotation grazing cycle is 40-60 days, grazing is performed in each grazing area for 10-15 days, and grazing is performed for 30-45 days; every 100 mu of carya illinoensis orchard is a grazing farm, the grazing farm is divided into 3-6 feeding areas, each feeding area is divided into 4 pasturing areas, movable fences are arranged in the grazing areas, 3-4 poultry houses are built in each grazing farm, each poultry house is a greenhouse with the length of 50m and the width of 8m, 700 and 900 poultry are cultured in each greenhouse, manure storage pits with the depth of 20cm-30cm are dug in each greenhouse, the occupied area of each manure storage pit is consistent with that of each greenhouse, and a plastic net is laid on each manure storage pit to facilitate the manure of the poultry to enter the pits;
(7) irrigation and pest management: paving a drip irrigation system in the whole garden, and drilling one drip irrigation water well in each 50 mu of orchard; the pest control in the orchard mainly combines artificial control, biological control and physical control;
(8) treatment and use of poultry excrement: the excrement in the poultry house is cleaned once a year and is directly used as a base fertilizer for the carya illinoensis trees after being bagged by snakeskin bags.
2. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of apocarya orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), in the selection of the variety, the lion goose is selected from the poultry bred in the forest in the Jiangsu area.
3. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of apocarya orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), 2-10 tons of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of planting land in the soil improvement.
4. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of apocarya orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the planting of the carya illinoensis in the step (4), main planted varieties and pollinated varieties of the carya illinoensis are all good varieties with developed root systems and heights of more than 1.5 m, organic fertilizers are laid in the planting holes and have thicknesses of 45-55 cm, surface soil is backfilled into the planting holes and has a height of 20cm, the surrounding soil covering height is 20-30 cm higher than the ground after planting of carya illinoensis seedlings is completed, the seedlings are subjected to fixed drying at 0.9-1.2 m after planting, tree forms are of a layered type, the young stand period is short in winter, and the growing season adopts tooth carving and branch taking methods, so that the culture of bearing branches is accelerated, and early bearing is promoted.
5. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of apocarya orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), during planting of the under-forest forage grass, the Sudan grass and the alfalfa are sown in a mixed mode in spring, summer and autumn, or the Sudan grass and the gosling grass are sown in a mixed mode, ryegrass is sown in winter, and before sowing, if the seeds are hard, the seeds are soaked in water one day in advance.
6. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of apocarya orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (6), in the building of the poultry house and the division of the pastoral area, the frame of the greenhouse is made of steel frames, the roof of the greenhouse is made of color steel tiles, the height of the roof is 2.8-3.2 m, two sides of the greenhouse are built into 0.6-1 m high walls by fireproof aluminum alloy plates, doors and windows are reserved on the high walls, the high walls on the sunny side of the greenhouse are provided with entrances and exits for poultry to enter and exit every 4-5 m, and drainage ditches are dug around the greenhouse.
7. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of apocarya orchards according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the building of the poultry house and the division of the pastoral area in the step (6), a water sports field and an open space for free movement of poultry are built in each grazing farm, the water sports field is formed by manual excavation, the depth of the water sports field is 50-60 cm, the width of the water sports field is 8m, a steel pipe greenhouse is built above the water sports field, and air bricks are laid at the bottoms of the poultry house, the open space and the water sports field.
8. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode of improving pecan orchard economic benefits of claim 7, characterized in that: and (4) in the step (7) of irrigation and pest and disease management, the water sports field is connected with an irrigation pipeline of the drip irrigation system, a sedimentation tank is arranged at the joint of the water sports field and the drip irrigation system, water flowing out of the water sports field is used for irrigating fruit trees after being precipitated by the sedimentation tank, and the sedimentation tank is used for removing solids such as silt and excrement so as to avoid blocking the irrigation pipeline.
9. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode of improving pecan orchard economic benefits of claim 8, characterized in that: in the step (7), in the irrigation and pest and disease management, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system is adopted, each grazing farm is provided with a reservoir with the length of 10-15 m, the width of 3-5 m and the depth of 3.0m, the reservoir is used for storing biogas slurry made by retting poultry excrement, the biogas slurry is filtered by a filtering system and is conveyed to the root of a fruit tree as a liquid fertilizer through an irrigation pipeline, prefabricated plates are paved on six surfaces of the reservoir, an eight-stage filtering system is arranged in the reservoir, the interior of the reservoir is arranged according to a septic tank, a facility storage room is built near the reservoir, a drip irrigation control system is installed in the facility storage room, ditches are dug around a plot, irrigation pipelines are paved, the irrigation pipelines are communicated with the reservoir, the irrigation pipelines are divided into a main trunk pipe and branch pipes of an orchard, the east-west trend of the main pipe is in the south-north direction and the east, the branch pipe is connected with a water delivery thin pipe, and a micro-spray head is arranged between every two fruit trees.
10. The forest-grass-bird ecological cycle mode for improving the economic benefit of apocarya orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (7) of irrigation and pest management, the pest management method adopts a method of manual capture and winter whitening, for phototropic pests, solar light-inducing lamps are mainly used for trapping, killing and preventing, one solar light-inducing lamp is arranged in each 30-50 mu of orchard, and some biological safety fungicides are used for preventing and treating black spot and gray spot of carya illinoensis.
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