CN111943901B - 一种由炔酰胺直接合成噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种由炔酰胺直接合成噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
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- C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型的由炔酰胺原料直接合成噁唑烷‑2,4‑二酮类杂环化合物的方法。该法以摩尔分数为10%的布朗斯特酸或者四氟硼酸盐为催化剂,在空气条件下,以硝基甲烷、N‑甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜或N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,在50~150℃温度下反应0.5~24h后,真空浓缩,经重结晶或柱层析纯化得到噁唑烷‑2,4‑二酮类杂环化合物,收率89~92%。本方法具有高催化反应活性;首次实现了由炔酰胺原料到噁唑烷‑2,4‑二酮类杂环化合物的制备;并且产率高,底物适用范围广,能以克级规模合成噁唑烷‑2,4‑二酮类杂环化合物;还具有对空气不敏感、化学选择性高、产物易于分离和反应时间短等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过布朗斯特酸催化的炔酰胺的氧化环合反应制备噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物的方法,属于有机化学合成技术领域,尤其是医药中间体的合成技术。
背景技术
噁唑烷-2,4-二酮杂环化合物是有机合成和生物活性分子中的重要结构单元,且已被报道具有多种用途,如具有抗糖尿病、抗菌和抗炎活性。比如,含有噁唑烷-2,4-二酮结构片段的药物乙琥胺和三甲氧唑双酮就具有抗惊厥疗效。因此,人们非常关注噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物的合成研究。
1965年,Finkbeiner组报道了苯基异氰酸酯与乙醇酸乙酯低温反应得到N-苯基氨基甲酸乙氧羰基甲酯中间体,然后在甲醇钠作用下发生分子内亲核取代反应合成了3-苯基-噁唑烷 -2,4-二酮,产率71%(Finkbeiner,H.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1965,87,4588-4592)。
2005年,Rossi课题组报道了通过电解法利用二氧化碳、乙腈与α-卤代酰胺反应合成了噁唑烷-2,4-二酮,产率43~90%(Leucio,R.;Marta,F.;Mirella,V.;Achille,I.,Lett.Org.Chem., 2005,2,731-733)。
同年,Kurz课题组报道了以α-羟基腈和N,N-二咪唑酮为原料,经酯化、胺化、环合、酸化五步一锅法合成了噁唑烷-2,4-二酮,产率中等(Kurz,T.;Widyan,K.Tetrahedron,2005,61, 7247-7251)。
2006年,Keiji课题组以α-羟基酯为原料,在室温下和N,N-二咪唑酮反应,再与芳香胺在40度发生缩合得到噁唑烷-2,4-二酮,产率60%(Ooi,T.;Fukumoto,K.;Maruoka,K.Angew. Chem.Int.Ed.,2006,45,3839-3842)。
2015年,吕小兵课题组以伯胺和α-酮酯为原料,在二氧化碳气氛下,发展了三(二甲胺基)磷参与的、甲醇钠催化的缩合环化反应制备噁唑烷-2,4-二酮,产率25~70%(Zhang,W.-Z.; Xia,T.;Yang,X.-T.;Lu,X.-B.Chem.Commun.,2015,51,6175-6178)。
综上所述,目前噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物的合成方法存在以下缺点:1.合成步骤繁琐,至少需要两步以上,而且反应时间较长;2.反应要用到毒性较强的试剂,对环境污染严重;3.除电解法外,反应产率几乎都在75%以下;4.电解法不容易操作。
发明内容
本发明提供一种通过布朗斯特酸催化的炔酰胺的氧化环合反应制备噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物的新方法。该方法以炔酰胺为原料,以布朗斯特酸或者四氟硼酸盐为催化剂,在空气条件下,以水、乙腈、硝基甲烷、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺为反应溶剂,在50~150℃温度以及搅拌状态下进行催化反应0.5~24h后,除去反应液中的反应溶剂,经重结晶(石油醚和乙酸乙酯作为混合溶剂)或者硅胶色谱法柱层析 (采用石油醚和乙酸乙酯作为淋洗剂)纯化残余物,得到白色固体噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物,收率范围在69~92%。
本发明方法与现有方法相比,具有以下优点:
(1)本方法采用方便易得的炔酰胺为原料,该原料可由炔溴与相应的胺通过碳氮键偶联反应获得,或者通过商业途径获得;
(2)本方法可在空气条件下操作,对水和氧气不敏感,反应条件相对温和,操作简单;
(3)本方法采用10%(摩尔分数)的布朗斯特酸或者四氟硼酸盐作为催化剂,成本低廉,反应效率高;
(4)本方法仅需一步就可以获得目标产物,产率高达90%以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中3-苯基-5-苄基噁唑烷-2,4-二酮NMR H谱图;
图2为本发明实施例中3,5-二苯基噁唑烷-2,4-二酮NMR H图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在空气中,依次将1.8425克N-苯乙炔基-N-苯甲基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯,0.2124克1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-氮鎓双环[2.2.2]辛烷双四氟硼酸盐(SelectfluorTM)加入到100mL反应瓶中,加入 60mL二甲基亚砜,置于100℃的油浴锅中反应1.5小时。将反应液冷却至室温,加入20mL 水,然后用60mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用30mL饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸馏除去多余的溶剂,柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=10∶1)得到1.4821克3-苯基-5-苄基噁唑烷-2,4-二酮。熔点114.1-114.9℃,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41-7.32(m, 10H),5.71(s,1H),4.75-4.67(m,2H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.9,155.1,134.6,131.6, 129.8,129.1,128.9,128.8,128.6,126.1,80.2,44.0.
实施例2
在空气中,依次将1.7581克N-苯乙炔基-N-苯基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯,0.2124克1-氯甲基 -4-氟-1,4-氮鎓双环[2.2.2]辛烷双四氟硼酸盐(SelectfluorTM)加入到100mL反应瓶中,加入60 mL二甲基亚砜,置于100℃的油浴锅中反应1小时。将反应液冷却至室温,加入20mL水,然后用60mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用30mL饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压蒸馏除去多余的溶剂,采用石油醚和乙酸乙酯重结晶得到1.3983克3,5-二苯基噁唑烷-2,4-二酮。熔点118.7-120.4℃,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.26-7.51(m,10H),5.92(s,1 H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.0,154.0,131.5,130.7,130.0,129.4,129.2,129.1,126.08, 125.6,79.9.
实施例3
在空气中,依次将0.2571克N-苯乙炔基-N-烯丙基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯,0.0176克50%四氟硼酸水溶液加入到20mL反应管中,加入15mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,置于120℃的油浴锅中反应3小时。将反应液冷却至室温,加入10mL水,然后用20mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,依次用20mL5%稀盐酸、30mL饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压蒸馏除去多余的溶剂,柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=10∶1)得到0.1945克3-烯丙基-5-苯基噁唑烷-2,4-二酮。熔点60.1-61.5℃,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(m,5H),5.88-5.80(m,1H), 5.75(s,1H)5.33-5.26(t,J=10.2Hz,2H),4.20-4.18(m,2H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ 170.7,154.9,131.5,129.8,129.6,129.2,126.0,119.6,80.2,42.4.
实施例4
在空气中,依次将0.2991克N-(2-噻吩乙炔基)-N-苯基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯,0.0172克对甲基苯磺酸加入到20mL反应管中,加入15mL硝基甲烷,置于80℃的油浴锅中反应2.5小时。将反应液冷却至室温,加入20mL乙醚减压蒸馏除去多余的溶剂,柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=15∶1)得到0.2322克3-苯基-5-(2-噻吩基)噁唑烷-2,4-二酮。熔点60.1-61.5℃,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53-7.45(m,6H),7.31(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.11-7.08(t,J=4.3Hz,1H),6.13(s,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ169.1,153.4,132.76,130.7,129.5,129.2,128.1, 128.1,127.5,125.6.
虽然已经用优选实施例详述了本发明,然而其并非用于限定本发明。任何本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,应当可以作出各种修改与变更。因此本发明的保护范围应当视为所附的权利要求书 所限定的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种由炔酰胺直接制备噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述炔酰胺为N-苯乙炔基-N-苯基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯,所述噁唑烷-2,4-二酮类杂环化合物为3,5-二苯基噁唑烷-2,4-二酮,该方法包括以下步骤:
A、在室温条件下,将N-苯乙炔基-N-苯基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯和1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-氮鎓双环[2.2.2]辛烷双四氟硼酸盐加入到二甲基亚砜溶剂中,搅拌混匀升温至100度,反应1.5小时得到反应混合物;其中,所述N-苯乙炔基-N-苯基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯和1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-氮鎓双环[2.2.2]辛烷双四氟硼酸盐的摩尔比为1∶(0.01~0.20);
B、将反应混合物减压除去溶剂,通过采用石油醚和乙酸乙酯作为混合溶剂重结晶或者硅胶色谱法柱层析纯化残余物,得到白色固体3,5-二苯基噁唑烷-2,4-二酮。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纯化采用的是硅胶色谱法柱层析,淋洗剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10∶1。
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