CN111908984A - Bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111908984A CN111908984A CN202010944569.9A CN202010944569A CN111908984A CN 111908984 A CN111908984 A CN 111908984A CN 202010944569 A CN202010944569 A CN 202010944569A CN 111908984 A CN111908984 A CN 111908984A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly discloses a biological organic fertilizer for improving a soil environment and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment comprises the following raw materials: silkworm excrement, rape straws, tobacco stems, brewer's grains, rapeseed cakes, leucine, anabaena stylosa powder, a leavening agent and a proper amount of water. According to the invention, through reasonable blending of various raw materials and matching of a twice fermentation process of aerobic fermentation bacteria and anaerobic fermentation bacteria, the improvement effect of the bio-organic fertilizer on soil can be effectively improved, and simultaneously, compared with a direct single-mode fermentation process, a large amount of beneficial microorganism metabolites can be effectively generated to improve the improvement effect on heavy metal pollution of soil, so that the problems that most of the existing bio-organic fertilizers are single in soil fertility improvement and cannot simultaneously play a role in improving heavy metal pollution are solved; the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple and has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a biological organic fertilizer for improving soil environment and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, the attention degree of people to environmental problems is also continuously improved. The soil improvement is important for environmental improvement, and has important significance for improving the living environment of people. In general, in soil improvement, soil environment can be improved by establishing field irrigation and drainage works, flooding, planting green manure, applying fertilizers and various soil conditioners, and the like. The bio-organic fertilizer is used as a common soil improvement mode, has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, wide application range and the like, and has wide application prospect in environmental management.
At present, most of the existing biological organic fertilizers take livestock and poultry manure as a raw material, and are decomposed through one-time fermentation, so that the existing biological organic fertilizers mainly play a role in improving soil fertility. However, the above technical solutions have the following disadvantages in practical use: most of the existing biological organic fertilizers are single for improving soil fertility, and the problem that the improvement effect on heavy metal pollution cannot be achieved simultaneously exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment, and aims to solve the problems that most of the existing biological organic fertilizers proposed in the background art are single in soil fertility improvement and cannot simultaneously improve heavy metal pollution.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment comprises the following raw materials: silkworm excrement, rape straw, tobacco stems, brewer's grains, rapeseed cakes, leucine, Anabaena (Anabaena cylindrica) powder, a leavening agent and a proper amount of water; wherein the leaven comprises aerobic zymocyte and anaerobic zymocyte which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic zymocyte to the anaerobic zymocyte is 1-3: 0.8-1.2.
As a further scheme of the invention: the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of silkworm excrement, 30-45 parts of rape straw, 6-12 parts of tobacco stem, 15-24 parts of brewer's grains, 8-12 parts of rapeseed cake, 0.1-0.8 part of leucine, 0.1-0.8 part of anabaena stigmata powder, 0.1-1.6 parts of leavening agent and a proper amount of water.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-28 parts of silkworm excrement, 34-40 parts of rape straw, 8-10 parts of tobacco stem, 18-22 parts of brewer's grains, 9-11 parts of rapeseed cake, 0.2-0.4 part of leucine, 0.2-0.4 part of anabaena stigmata powder, 0.6-1 part of leavening agent and a proper amount of water.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for improving a soil environment, where the method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for improving a soil environment includes the following steps:
1) weighing silkworm excrement, brewer's grains and rapeseed cakes according to a certain proportion, sterilizing, adding into water (sterilized water), and mixing uniformly to obtain a first material;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 2-6 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material;
3) adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria into the first material according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment to obtain a first fermentation material;
4) adding aerobic fermentation bacteria into the second material according to a proportion, and performing aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 8-10% to obtain a second fermented material;
5) and uniformly mixing the first fermentation material and the second fermentation material (the effect of uniform materials can be achieved by performing rapid stirring), stacking for 10-15h in an environment with relative humidity of 75-85%, and drying to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a bio-organic fertilizer for improving a soil environment, which is prepared by the above preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer for improving a soil environment.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an application of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment in agricultural production.
Another object of the embodiment of the invention is to provide an application of the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment in preparing the fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by reasonably blending raw materials such as silkworm excrement, rape straws, tobacco stems, brewer's grains, rapeseed cakes, leucine, anabaena powder, leavening agent and the like, simultaneously, the two-time fermentation process of aerobic zymocyte and anaerobic zymocyte is matched, the soil improvement effect of the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment can be effectively improved, meanwhile, compared with a single-mode fermentation process directly by carrying out anaerobic fermentation on silkworm excrement, brewer's grains and rapeseed cakes and carrying out aerobic fermentation on rape straws, tobacco stems, the powder of the chloranthus stylosa and leucine, can effectively generate a large amount of beneficial microorganism metabolites to improve the effect of improving the heavy metal pollution of the soil, and solves the problems that the existing biological organic fertilizer is mostly single to improve the soil fertility and cannot improve the effect of improving the heavy metal pollution at the same time. Moreover, the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple, can be used for preparing other types of fertilizers, and has wide market prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following raw materials: silkworm excrement, rape straw, tobacco stems, brewer's grains, rapeseed cakes, leucine, anabaena stylosa powder, a leavening agent and a proper amount of water; wherein the leaven comprises aerobic zymocyte and anaerobic zymocyte which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic zymocyte to the anaerobic zymocyte is 1-3: 0.8-1.2.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment is prepared by performing aerobic fermentation with the aerobic fermentation bacteria and performing anaerobic fermentation with the anaerobic fermentation bacteria.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of silkworm excrement, 30-45 parts of rape straw, 6-12 parts of tobacco stem, 15-24 parts of brewer's grains, 8-12 parts of rapeseed cake, 0.1-0.8 part of leucine, 0.1-0.8 part of anabaena stigmata powder, 0.1-1.6 parts of leavening agent and a proper amount of water.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-28 parts of silkworm excrement, 34-40 parts of rape straw, 8-10 parts of tobacco stem, 18-22 parts of brewer's grains, 9-11 parts of rapeseed cake, 0.2-0.4 part of leucine, 0.2-0.4 part of anabaena stigmata powder, 0.6-1 part of leavening agent and a proper amount of water.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the leaven comprises aerobic leaven and anaerobic leaven; wherein the aerobic fermentation bacteria comprise ferment bacteria and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) with equal weight, and the anaerobic fermentation bacteria are selected from any one or more of EM (effective microorganisms), Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides) and enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433).
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ferment bacteria (i.e., the organic material decomposing agent) is a ferment bacteria product of the existing Nippon microbial strain.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the Bacillus subtilis is purchased from Shandong Lurong biotechnology, Inc., and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
It should be noted that, by the fermentation and decomposition of the complex microbial population composed of a plurality of natural beneficial microbial groups in the fermentation agent, the fermentation of the fertilizer can be realized to generate the nutrient components required for the growth of plants.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Rhodopseudomonas spheroids are purchased from Peking Tianfeng Guitao biotechnology, Inc., and are typically grown anaerobically by light irradiation.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of bacteria of said enterococcus faecalis (ATCC19433) is not less than 106CFU/g, available from Tianyueli Biotechnology (Guangzhou) Ltd. Other raw materials of the invention can be purchased from the market, and the specification of the invention accords with the national industry standard.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing silkworm excrement, brewer's grains and rapeseed cakes according to a certain proportion, sterilizing, adding into water (sterilized water), and mixing uniformly to obtain a first material; wherein the water content of the first material is 50-68wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is carried out for 3-6h in a high-temperature sterilization chamber at the temperature of 120-130 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 2-6 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 55-65wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria into the first material according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment to obtain a first fermentation material;
4) adding aerobic fermentation bacteria into the second material according to a proportion, and performing aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 8-10% to obtain a second fermented material;
5) and uniformly mixing the first fermentation material and the second fermentation material (the effect of uniform materials can be achieved by performing rapid stirring), stacking for 10-15h in an environment with relative humidity of 75-85%, and drying to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 40-60 ℃, the time is 20-300h, the stack is turned over manually 1-2 times every day, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 40-60 ℃.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 50-70 ℃, the time is 40-400h, the pile is turned over manually for 1-2 times every day, the aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, the temperature of the materials is kept at 50-70 ℃,
as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drying is performed at a temperature of not higher than 50 ℃, which is effective for ensuring the viability of the microorganisms.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the water content of the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is not more than 14wt%, that is, the water content of the obtained biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is not more than 14wt% through drying.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment in agricultural production.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment in preparation of fertilizers.
The technical effect of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment of the present invention will be further described below by referring to specific examples.
Example 1
A bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment comprises the following raw materials: 20kg of silkworm excrement, 30 kg of rape straw, 6 kg of tobacco stalk, 15 kg of brewer's grains, 8 kg of rapeseed cakes, 0.1 kg of leucine, 0.1 kg of anabaena cylindracea powder, 0.1 kg of leavening agent and a proper amount of water. Wherein the leavening agent comprises aerobic zymocyte and anaerobic zymocyte which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic zymocyte to the anaerobic zymocyte is 1: 0.8; the aerobic fermentation bacteria comprise ferment bacteria and bacillus subtilis with equal weight, and the anaerobic fermentation bacteria are EM bacteria.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment specifically includes the following steps:
1) weighing the silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes, sterilizing, adding the sterilized silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes into water (sterilized water), and uniformly mixing to obtain a first material; wherein the water content in the first mass is 50 wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is carried out for 6 hours in a high-temperature sterilization chamber at the high temperature of 120 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 2 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 55 wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria into the first material according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment to obtain a first fermentation material; wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 40 ℃, the time is 300h, the pile is manually turned for 1 time every day, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 40 ℃;
4) adding aerobic fermentation bacteria into the second material according to a proportion, and performing aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 8% to obtain a second fermentation material; wherein the aerobic fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, the time is 400h, the pile is manually turned for 1 time every day, the aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 50 ℃;
5) and uniformly mixing the first fermentation material and the second fermentation material (the effect of uniform materials can be achieved by performing rapid stirring), then stacking for 10 hours in an environment with the relative humidity of 75%, and drying at the temperature of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is 13 wt% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
Example 2
A bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment comprises the following raw materials: 30 kg of silkworm excrement, 45 kg of rape straw, 12 kg of tobacco stalk, 24 kg of brewer's grains, 12 kg of rapeseed cakes, 0.8 kg of leucine, 0.8 kg of anabaena cylindracea powder, 1.6 kg of leavening agent and a proper amount of water. The fermentation agent comprises aerobic fermentation bacteria and anaerobic fermentation bacteria which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic fermentation bacteria to the anaerobic fermentation bacteria is 3: 1.2; the aerobic fermentation bacteria comprise ferment bacteria and bacillus subtilis with equal weight, and the anaerobic fermentation bacteria are rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment specifically includes the following steps:
1) weighing the silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes, sterilizing, adding the sterilized silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes into water (sterilized water), and uniformly mixing to obtain a first material; wherein the water content in the first mass is 68wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is to place the mixture in a high-temperature sterilization chamber to sterilize for 3 hours at a high temperature of 130 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 6 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 65wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria into the first material according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment to obtain a first fermentation material; wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, the time is 20h, the pile is manually turned for 2 times every day, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 60 ℃;
4) adding aerobic fermentation bacteria into the second material according to a proportion, and performing aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 10% to obtain a second fermentation material; wherein the aerobic fermentation temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 40h, the pile is manually turned for 2 times every day, the aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 70 ℃;
5) and uniformly mixing the first fermentation material and the second fermentation material (the effect of uniform materials can be achieved by performing rapid stirring), then stacking for 15 hours in an environment with the relative humidity of 85%, and drying at the temperature of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is 14wt% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
Example 3
A bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment comprises the following raw materials: 24 kg of silkworm excrement, 34 kg of rape straw, 8 kg of tobacco stalk, 18 kg of brewer's grains, 9 kg of rapeseed cakes, 0.2 kg of leucine, 0.2 kg of anabaena cylindracea powder, 0.6 kg of leavening agent and a proper amount of water. Wherein the leaven comprises aerobic zymocyte and anaerobic zymocyte which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic zymocyte to the anaerobic zymocyte is 3: 0.8; the aerobic fermentation bacteria comprise ferment bacteria and bacillus subtilis with equal weight, and the anaerobic fermentation bacteria are formed by mixing EM bacteria and enterococcus faecalis with equal weight.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment specifically includes the following steps:
1) weighing the silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes, sterilizing, adding the sterilized silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes into water (sterilized water), and uniformly mixing to obtain a first material; wherein the water content in the first mass is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is carried out for 4 hours in a high-temperature sterilization chamber at the high temperature of 125 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 4 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria into the first material according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment to obtain a first fermentation material; wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, the time is 100h, the pile is manually turned for 1 time every day, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 50 ℃;
4) adding aerobic fermentation bacteria into the second material according to a proportion, and performing aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 9% to obtain a second fermentation material; wherein the aerobic fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, the time is 150h, the pile is manually turned for 2 times every day, the aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 60 ℃;
5) and uniformly mixing the first fermentation material and the second fermentation material (the effect of uniform materials can be achieved by performing rapid stirring), then stacking for 12 hours in an environment with the relative humidity of 80%, and drying at the temperature of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is 14wt% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
Example 4
A bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment comprises the following raw materials: 28 kg of silkworm excrement, 40 kg of rape straw, 10 kg of tobacco stalk, 22 kg of brewer's grains, 11 kg of rapeseed cakes, 0.4 kg of leucine, 0.4 kg of anabaena cylindracea powder, 1 kg of leavening agent and a proper amount of water. Wherein the leavening agent comprises aerobic zymocyte and anaerobic zymocyte which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic zymocyte to the anaerobic zymocyte is 1.6: 0.9; the aerobic zymocyte comprises enzyme bacteria and bacillus subtilis with equal weight, and the anaerobic zymocyte is enterococcus faecalis.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment specifically includes the following steps:
1) weighing the silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes, sterilizing, adding the sterilized silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes into water (sterilized water), and uniformly mixing to obtain a first material; wherein the water content in the first mass is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is carried out for 4 hours in a high-temperature sterilization chamber at the high temperature of 125 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 4 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria into the first material according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment to obtain a first fermentation material; wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, the time is 100h, the pile is manually turned for 1 time every day, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 50 ℃;
4) adding aerobic fermentation bacteria into the second material according to a proportion, and performing aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 9% to obtain a second fermentation material; wherein the aerobic fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, the time is 150h, the pile is manually turned for 2 times every day, the aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 60 ℃;
5) and uniformly mixing the first fermentation material and the second fermentation material (the effect of uniform materials can be achieved by performing rapid stirring), then stacking for 12 hours in an environment with the relative humidity of 80%, and drying at the temperature of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is 10 wt% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
Example 5
Compared with the example 3, the water content of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is 6 wt%, and the other parts are the same as the example 3.
Example 6
Compared with the example 3, the water content of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is 8wt%, and the other parts are the same as the example 3.
Example 7
Compared with the example 3, the water content of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is 10 wt%, and the other parts are the same as the example 3.
Example 8
Compared with the example 3, the water content of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is 15 wt%, and the other parts are the same as the example 3.
Example 9
A bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment comprises the following raw materials: 26 kg of silkworm excrement, 37 kg of rape straw, 9 kg of tobacco stalk, 20kg of brewer's grains, 10 kg of rapeseed cakes, 0.3 kg of leucine, 0.3 kg of anabaena cylindracea powder, 0.8 kg of leavening agent and a proper amount of water. The fermentation agent comprises aerobic fermentation bacteria and anaerobic fermentation bacteria which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic fermentation bacteria to the anaerobic fermentation bacteria is 2: 1; the aerobic zymocyte comprises enzyme bacteria and bacillus subtilis with equal weight, and the anaerobic zymocyte is formed by mixing EM bacteria, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, enterococcus faecalis and the like with equal weight.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment is the same as that of embodiment 3.
Example 10
The same as example 3, except that the water content in the first material was 50 wt% and the water content in the second material was 55 wt%, compared to example 3.
Example 11
The same as example 3, except that the water content in the first material was 55 wt% and the water content in the second material was 58 wt%, compared to example 3.
Example 12
The same as example 3, except that the water content in the first material was 62 wt% and the water content in the second material was 65wt%, compared to example 3.
Example 13
The same as example 3, except that the water content in the first material was 60 wt% and the water content in the second material was 65wt%, compared to example 3.
Example 14
The same as example 3, except that the water content in the first material was 50 wt% and the water content in the second material was 65wt%, compared to example 3.
Comparative example 1
The same procedure as in example 9 was repeated except that no cabo, no anabaena powder and no leucine were added as in example 9.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 9 except that silkworm excrement and brewer's grain were not contained, as compared with example 9.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 9, the raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment are the same, but the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is different, and the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment adopted herein specifically comprises the following steps:
1) weighing silkworm excrement, brewer's grains and rapeseed cakes in the raw materials, sterilizing, adding into water (sterilized water), and mixing uniformly to obtain a first material; wherein the water content in the first mass is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is carried out for 4 hours in a high-temperature sterilization chamber at the high temperature of 125 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 4 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) and uniformly mixing the first material and the second material, adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, performing anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment, performing stacking treatment for 12 hours in an environment with a relative humidity of 80%, and drying at a temperature of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is 14wt% to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment. Wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, the time is 100h, the pile is manually turned for 1 time every day, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 50 ℃.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the example 9, the raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment are the same, but the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is different, and the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment adopted herein specifically comprises the following steps:
1) weighing silkworm excrement, brewer's grains and rapeseed cakes in the raw materials, sterilizing, adding into water (sterilized water), and mixing uniformly to obtain a first material; wherein the water content in the first mass is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is carried out for 4 hours in a high-temperature sterilization chamber at the high temperature of 125 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine according to a certain proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into salt water (the solute in the salt water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 4 wt%), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) uniformly mixing the first material and the second material, then adding aerobic fermentation bacteria in proportion, carrying out aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 9%, then carrying out stacking treatment for 12h in an environment with the relative humidity of 80%, and drying under the condition of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is 14wt% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment; wherein the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 60 ℃, the time is 150h, the pile is manually turned over for 2 times every day, the aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 60 ℃.
Comparative example 5
A bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment comprises the following raw materials: 26 kg of silkworm excrement, 37 kg of rape straw, 20kg of brewer's grains, 10 kg of rapeseed cakes, 0.8 kg of leavening agent and a proper amount of water. The fermentation agent comprises aerobic fermentation bacteria and anaerobic fermentation bacteria which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic fermentation bacteria to the anaerobic fermentation bacteria is 2: 1; the aerobic zymocyte comprises enzyme bacteria and bacillus subtilis with equal weight, and the anaerobic zymocyte is formed by mixing EM bacteria, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, enterococcus faecalis and the like with equal weight.
The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment specifically comprises the following steps:
1) weighing silkworm excrement, brewer's grains and rapeseed cakes in the raw materials, sterilizing, adding into water (sterilized water), and mixing uniformly to obtain a first material; wherein the water content in the first mass is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding water after sterilization); the sterilization is carried out for 4 hours in a high-temperature sterilization chamber at the high temperature of 125 ℃;
2) weighing rape straws according to a certain proportion, crushing the rape straws into powder, adding the powder into saline water (the solute in the saline water is salt, the solvent is sterilized water, and the mass fraction of the salt is 4wt percent), and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material; wherein the water content in the second material is 60 wt% (adjusted by adding brine);
3) uniformly mixing the first material and the second material, then adding aerobic fermentation bacteria in proportion, carrying out aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 9%, then carrying out stacking treatment for 12h in an environment with the relative humidity of 80%, and drying under the condition of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is 14wt% to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment; wherein the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 60 ℃, the time is 150h, the pile is manually turned over for 2 times every day, the aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, and the temperature of the materials is kept at 60 ℃.
Performance detection
The bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment prepared by the methods of examples 1 to 4 and 9 was subjected to performance testing. Specifically, the number of effective viable bacteria and the content of humic acid are detected according to a method for determining the number of effective viable bacteria and the content of humic acid in the standard of the bio-organic fertilizer NY884-2012 of the national Ministry of agriculture, and specific detection results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 table of the results of the determination of the number of active viable bacteria and the content of humic acid (in terms of a drying basis)
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the technical index of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment, which is prepared by the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment provided by the embodiment of the invention, meets the standard requirement of the bio-organic fertilizer NY884-2012 of the national ministry of agriculture, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than 4.0(cfu) hundred million/g, the fertility of the soil can be effectively improved, and the effect of improving the soil environment can be achieved. According to the embodiment of the invention, the soil improvement effect of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment can be effectively improved by reasonably blending the silkworm excrement, the rape straws, the tobacco stems, the brewer's grains, the rape seed cakes, the leucine, the anabaena powder, the leavening agent and other raw materials and matching with the two-time fermentation process of aerobic fermentation bacteria and anaerobic fermentation bacteria.
In order to detect the effect of improving the soil environment by using the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment on the heavy metal contaminated soil, the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment prepared by the method in example 9 is used for detecting the performance of improving the heavy metal contamination, and the samples of comparative examples 1 to 5 are simultaneously detected by using the same method. Specifically, a farmland with serious heavy metal pollution (the soil pH is 4.36, the active mercury content is 2.2mg/kg, the active lead content is 210mg/kg, and the active cadmium content is 2.2mg/kg) is used as a test base, the farmland is divided into six fields with equal areas, samples prepared in example 9 and comparative examples 1-5 are used as base fertilizers and applied to the six fields, the dosage is 180 kg/mu, then the same conditions are adopted for planting the paddy rice for one season, a corresponding sample is additionally applied to each field in the paddy rice mulberry division period to serve as an additional fertilizer, the dosage is 170 kg/mu, other field management measures are kept consistent, the properties of the soil are detected after the paddy rice is harvested, and specific results are shown in table 2, wherein the active mercury content, the active lead content and the active cadmium content of the soil are all determined by adopting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, specific test conditions the test conditions were identical for each of the test types (example 9 and comparative examples 1-5) with reference to the recommended test parameters for the equipment.
Table 2 table of test results of heavy metal pollution improvement performance
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the heavy metal contamination of the soil using the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment prepared in the example of the present invention is improved. Meanwhile, in comparison of the data of comparative examples 1-2 and example 9, it can be seen that a large amount of beneficial microorganism metabolites can be effectively generated by matching the tobacco stems, the anabaena stylosa powder, the leucine, the silkworm excrement and the brewer's grain and matching the two-time fermentation process, so that the absorption or inhibition effect on the active mercury content, the active lead content and the active cadmium content of soil can be remarkably improved, and a good remediation effect can be achieved. It can be seen from the comparison of the data in example 9 and comparative examples 3-4 that the two-time fermentation process can be used for reasonably fermenting different raw materials, so that the fermentation and the decomposition are more thorough, and compared with the single fermentation method, the improvement effect on the heavy metal pollution condition can be effectively improved.
The fertility improvement effect of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment provided in embodiment 9 of the present invention is tested, specifically, the yield increase effect test is performed by using the shorea thin-skin seedless watermelons, the watermelons are planted in the period of 4 months to 10 months in 2019, 600 plants are planted in each mu, the field is divided into two fields with approximately the same conditions, wherein one field (as a control group) is applied with 1800kg of farmyard manure before the watermelon is transplanted, 50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (specifically, 45% (15-15-15) of red tetragonal compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen) is applied with urea (about 11 kg per mu) in the seedling stage and the later stage of fruit setting, the other field is applied with 1800kg of farmyard manure before the watermelon is transplanted, the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment provided in embodiment 9 is 20kg, the urea (about 11 kg per mu) is applied in the seedling stage and the later stage of fruit setting, and then the watermelon yield per mu is counted, specific yield results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 statistical results of yields
| Group of | Average yield per mu (kilogram/mu) |
| Example 9 | 1256 |
| Control group | 1580 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, can effectively improve the soil fertility, so that the yield increase effect on plants is increased.
According to the results, the invention has the following beneficial effects that the invention can effectively improve the soil improvement effect of the bio-organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment by reasonably blending the silkworm excrement, the rape stalks, the tobacco stems, the brewer's grains, the rapeseed cakes, the leucine, the cylindrocyte powder, the leavening agent and other raw materials and matching with the two fermentation processes of the aerobic zymocyte and the anaerobic zymocyte, and simultaneously, compared with the direct single-mode fermentation process, the invention can effectively generate a large amount of beneficial microorganism metabolites to improve the heavy metal pollution effect of the soil by carrying out the anaerobic fermentation on the silkworm excrement, the brewer's grains and the rapeseed cakes and carrying out the aerobic fermentation on the rape stalks, the tobacco stems, the cylindrocyte powder and the leucine. Moreover, the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple, solves the problems that most of the existing biological organic fertilizers are single and can not improve the soil fertility and can not improve the heavy metal pollution at the same time, and has wide market prospect.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: silkworm excrement, rape straw, tobacco stems, brewer's grains, rapeseed cakes, leucine, anabaena stylosa powder, a leavening agent and a proper amount of water; wherein the leaven comprises aerobic zymocyte and anaerobic zymocyte which are separately placed, and the weight ratio of the aerobic zymocyte to the anaerobic zymocyte is 1-3: 0.8-1.2.
2. The soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of silkworm excrement, 30-45 parts of rape straw, 6-12 parts of tobacco stem, 15-24 parts of brewer's grains, 8-12 parts of rapeseed cake, 0.1-0.8 part of leucine, 0.1-0.8 part of anabaena stigmata powder, 0.1-1.6 parts of leavening agent and a proper amount of water.
3. The soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-28 parts of silkworm excrement, 34-40 parts of rape straw, 8-10 parts of tobacco stem, 18-22 parts of brewer's grains, 9-11 parts of rapeseed cake, 0.2-0.4 part of leucine, 0.2-0.4 part of anabaena stigmata powder, 0.6-1 part of leavening agent and a proper amount of water.
4. The bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said aerobic fermentation bacteria comprise equal weight of ferment bacteria and bacillus subtilis, and said anaerobic fermentation bacteria are selected from any one or more of EM bacteria, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and enterococcus faecalis.
5. The soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer is not more than 14 wt%.
6. A method for preparing a biological organic fertilizer for improving soil environment according to any one of claims 1-5, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing silkworm excrement, brewer's grains and rapeseed cakes according to a proportion, sterilizing, adding into water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first material;
2) weighing rape straws, tobacco stems, anabaena cylindracea powder and leucine in proportion, mixing, crushing into powder, adding into saline water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second material;
3) adding anaerobic fermentation bacteria into the first material according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed environment to obtain a first fermentation material;
4) adding aerobic fermentation bacteria into the second material according to a proportion, and performing aerobic fermentation in an environment with the oxygen volume percentage concentration of 8-10% to obtain a second fermented material;
5) and uniformly mixing the first fermentation material and the second fermentation material, then stacking for 10-15h under the environment with the relative humidity of 75-85%, and drying to obtain the biological organic fertilizer for improving the soil environment.
7. The method for preparing a soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water content of the first material is 50-68wt%, and the water content of the second material is 55-65 wt%.
8. The method for preparing a soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the anaerobic fermentation is performed at a temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 20-300 h.
9. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for improving soil environment as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 50-70 ℃ and the time is 40-400 h.
10. A soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing a soil environment improving bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 6 to 9.
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| CN107473870A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-15 | 成都市四友生物科技有限公司 | A kind of special set meal fertilizer of honey peach and preparation method thereof |
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