CN111908890B - 一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及功能陶瓷制作领域，尤其涉及一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏及其制备方法。该基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏在传统木叶盏装饰方法的基础上，改进胎釉配方,严格烧制条件,增加了釉层的气孔率，使液体能够透过气孔与瓷胎发生作用。通过对陶瓷胎料成分的改进使瓷胎具有软化水质的功能，通过釉面的气孔纹理使坯体通过孔隙可以接触到容器中的饮用水，从而起到软化水质的功能。本发明木叶功能盏釉料发色稳定，叶脉纹理清晰,成品率高，既具有审美特点，同时又具有软化水质的功能属性，通过改善水质使饮用水中富含多种微量元素,促进人体的健康发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能陶瓷制作领域，尤其涉及一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏及其制备方法。
背景技术
木叶盏的产生完全是自然与古人智慧的结晶，距今已有1200多年的烧制历史，其中黑釉瓷在当时最具代表性。木叶盏是将天然树叶贴在器物上烧制而成，一般是一片叶子贴在盏心，也有贴在盏壁、盏口的，或二叶重叠的。这种近乎自然的装饰，木叶丝丝经脉清晰生动，具有极高的艺术价值和经济价值。传统木叶盏绝大多数使用桑叶进行釉面装饰，部分使用菩提叶、枫叶。由于产地、品种及生长环境的差异，叶片本身的纹理存在差异和不确定性，烧制的瓷器上叶脉、叶干间存在成分的差别，叶干部分若未融化，极易出现凹凸、粗糙的情况，且传统木叶盏烧制要求难以把控、叶片卷曲率高、烧制成功率很低，且难以预知成品率。
木叶盏兼具观赏价值和使用价值。现有木叶盏产品有用作盛水容器之用的。随着我国经济的快速发展，人们生活水平逐渐提高，人们开始注重食品安全和追求养生，特别是对水质的要求有了极大提升。通过对硬水和软水的研究发现，硬水虽不对健康造成直接危害，但它存在很多缺点；软水在生产生活的各方面则具备显著优点，尤其对人们健康有益。现有木叶盏可考虑做成人工开片纹理，人工开片纹理可深入坯体，可使木叶盏内水与坯体接触，因此，人们试图向陶瓷配料中加入微量元素或其他活性成分，但是由于木叶盏的烧制过程中，要求条件严格，烧成并保证木叶完整性、清晰不开裂是难点，且高温烧制过程中微量元素析出有限甚至不析出，直接影响了木叶盏的烧制成功率及其功能的发挥。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏及其制备方法，无需以开片纹理的方式使水和坯体接触，而是通过改进胎釉成分并在釉面上造孔，增加水和坯体的交换，填充了木叶盏的功能性，扩展了木叶盏的发展空间，操作简单，烧制条件稳定可靠，可操作性强；解决了现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏，包括以下组成成分的胎料和釉料:
胎料：红高岭土25-30％、白高岭土5-10％、拓沟陶土25-30％、长石10-15％、石英4-5％、CaCO38-10％、MgO 0.05-0.1％、SrO 0.5-0.1％、Fe2O30.5-1％、SiO2 0.5-0.8％、TiO20.3-0.4％、Na2O 0.01-0.1％、K2O 0.002-0.01％；
釉料：K2O5-7％、Na2O 1-3％、CaO 4％、硅藻土2-4％、Al2O3 14-16％、Fe2O3 5-7％、SiO2 60-65％、P2O5 0.1-0.5％、TiO2 0.5-1.5％、MnO2 0.05-0.15％。
优选的，上述基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏包括以下组成成分的胎料和釉料:
胎料：红高岭土28％、白高岭土8％、拓沟陶土26％、长石12％、石英4.5％、CaCO31.5％、MgO 0.08％、SrO 0.8％、Fe2O3 0.8％、SiO2 0.6％、TiO2 0.3％、Na2O0.08％、K2O 0.008％；
釉料：K2O 6％、Na2O 2％、CaO 4％、硅藻土3％、Al2O3 15％、Fe2O3 6％、SiO2 62％、P2O5 0.8％、TiO2 1％、MnO2 0.1％。
上述基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的方法，包括将上述胎料进行低温素烧、浸釉、装饰木叶进行1220-1240℃高温烧制的步骤。
进一步的，所述基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法还包括在浸釉前对釉料进行球磨处理、在装饰木叶前对叶片碳化处理的步骤。
进一步的，所述釉料球磨处理周期为25-2100mi n，球磨时间不同可以使釉料发色产生不同变化。
进一步的，所述低温素烧温度为850℃。
进一步的，所述高温烧制采用电窑烧制。
进一步的，所述基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法还包括装饰木叶后将釉胎放入匣钵进行高温烧制的步骤。
进一步的，所述木叶为桑叶、拉拉秧、菩提叶、构树、啤酒花、无花果叶、白杨叶或银杏叶。
进一步的，所述胎料厚度为2-3mm厚的泥坯，所述釉料的釉层厚度为0.9-1.5mm。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏通过对胎料和釉料组成进行调整改进，能够适应不同种类及产地的木叶进行烧制，在保证木叶盏的叶片脉络清晰、叶片卷曲率低的情况下，对传统木叶盏釉层的表现形态进行改变，增加釉层的气孔率，通过釉面的气孔纹理使胎子通过孔隙可以接触到容器中的饮用水，保证了产品在施釉后依旧能够发挥胎子软化水质的功能。本发明基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法烧制条件稳定可靠，可操作性强，制得的釉料高温烧成、无重金属毒性，可达食用级标准，呈色稳定性明显提升，从本质上提升了木叶盏的审美价值、审美空间、成品率以及增加了功能性。本发明制备方法无论从食用安全还是美学价值，都获得了新的突破。
附图说明
图1为本发明各实施例的电窑升温曲线；
图2为本发明实施例3与普通木叶盏水质的TDS检测结果；
图3为本发明实施例5对不同地域性水质的TDS检测结果；
图4为实施例1-5的烧制成品与传统木叶盏叶脉清晰对比图；
其中，图4中上面两张图依次对应实施例1、2的烧制木叶盏,图4中下面的三张图依次对应实施例3-5的烧制木叶盏。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，并结合附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。
实施例1
一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法，采用如下操作步骤：
(1)在球磨机中，根据1：0.7的比重，将釉料的组成成分和水放入球磨机球磨，具体为：分别加入以下重量比例的粉末：K2O 6％、Na2O 2％、CaO 4％、Al2O3 15％、Fe2O3 4％、SiO2 62％、P2O5 0.3％、TiO2 1％、MnO2 0.1％，和水；球磨罐中的球不可以超过罐容积的二分之一，球磨时间约60mi n，保证球磨颗粒可以通过目数为120目的筛网，得到所需釉料；
(2)使用泥料：红高岭土28％、白高岭土7％、拓沟陶土27％、长石13％、石英4％、CaCO39％、MgO 0.08％、SrO 0.7％、Fe2O30.8％、SiO2 0.6％、TiO2 0.3％、Na2O 0.06％、K2O0.01％，准备2-3mm厚度的泥坯，经850℃低温素烧后，使用浸釉的方法施上述釉料，在釉面放置桑叶；得釉胎；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的釉胎放于匣钵中，装入电窑，以1230℃高温烧制。
使用电窑烧制，为氧化气氛，操作步骤简单方便、烧制气氛稳定。本制备方法的产品最佳烧制温度为1230℃，以1230℃为例制定电窑升温曲线如图1。
实施例2
一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法，包括如下操作步骤：
(1)在球磨机中，根据1：0.7的比重，将釉料的组成成分和水放入球磨机球磨，具体为：分别加入以下重量比例的粉末：K2O 6％、Na2O 2％、CaO 4％、硅藻土6％、Al2O3 15％、Fe2O3 6％、SiO2 62％、P2O5 0.4％、TiO2 1％、MnO2 0.1％，和水；球磨罐中的球不可以超过罐容积的二分之一，球磨时间约65mi n，保证球磨颗粒可以通过目数为120目的筛网，得到所需釉料；
(2)配备泥料红高岭土27％、白高岭土7％、拓沟陶土27％、长石12％、石英4％、CaCO39％、MgO 0.08％、SrO 0.7％、Fe2O30.8％、SiO2 0.6％、TiO2 0.3％、Na2O 0.06％、K2O0.01％，准备2-3mm厚度的泥坯，经850℃低温素烧后，使用浸釉的方法施釉，在釉面放置菩提叶；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的釉胎放于匣钵中，装入电窑，以1230℃高温烧制。
使用电窑烧制，为氧化气氛，操作步骤简单方便、烧制气氛稳定。升温曲线同实施例1的升温曲线。
实施例3
一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法，包括如下操作步骤：
(1)在球磨机中，根据1：0.7的比重，将釉料的组成成分和水放入球磨机球磨，具体为：分别加入以下重量比例的粉末：K2O 6％、Na2O 2％、CaO 4％、硅藻土3％、Al2O3 15％、Fe2O3 6％、SiO2 62％、P2O5 0.8％、TiO2 1％、MnO2 0.1％，和水；球磨罐中的球不可以超过罐容积的二分之一，球磨时间约100mi n，保证球磨颗粒可以通过目数为120目的筛网，得到所需釉料；
(2)使用泥料红高岭土红高岭土28％、白高岭土8％、拓沟陶土26％、长石12％、石英4.5％、CaCO31.5％、MgO 0.08％、SrO 0.8％、Fe2O3 0.8％、SiO2 0.6％、TiO2 0.3％、Na2O0.08％、K2O 0.008％，准备2-3mm厚度的泥坯，经850℃低温素烧后，使用浸釉的方法施釉，在釉面放置银杏叶；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的釉胎放于匣钵中，装入电窑，以1230℃高温烧制。升温曲线同实施例1的升温曲线。
实施例4
一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法，包括如下操作步骤：
(1)在球磨机中，根据1：0.7的比重，将釉料的组成成分和水放入球磨机球磨，具体为：分别加入以下重量比例的粉末：K2O5％、Na2O 1％、CaO 4％、硅藻土2％、Al2O3 14％、Fe2O3 5％、SiO2 60％、P2O5 0.1％、TiO2 0.5％、MnO2 0.05％，和水；球磨罐中的球不可以超过罐容积的二分之一，球磨时间约25-2100mi n，保证球磨颗粒可以通过目数为120目的筛网，得到所需釉料；
(2)使用泥料红高岭土25％、白高岭土5％、拓沟陶土25％、长石10％、石英4％、CaCO38％、MgO 0.05％、SrO 0.5％、Fe2O30.5％、SiO2 0.5％、TiO2 0.3％、Na2O 0.01％、K2O0.002％，准备2-3mm厚度的泥坯，经850℃低温素烧后，使用浸釉的方法施釉，在釉面放置白杨叶；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的釉胎放于匣钵中，装入电窑，以1230℃高温烧制。升温曲线同实施例1的升温曲线。
实施例5
一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法，包括如下操作步骤：
(1)在球磨机中，根据1：0.7的比重，将釉料的组成成分和水放入球磨机球磨，具体为：分别加入以下重量比例的粉末：K2O7％、Na2O 3％、CaO 4％、硅藻土4％、Al2O3 16％、Fe2O3 7％、SiO2 65％、P2O5 0.5％、TiO2 1.5％、MnO2 0.15％，和水；球磨罐中的球不可以超过罐容积的二分之一，球磨时间约25-2100mi n，保证球磨颗粒可以通过目数为120目的筛网，得到所需釉料；
(2)使用泥料红高岭土30％、白高岭土10％、拓沟陶土30％、长石15％、石英5％、CaCO310％、MgO 0.1％、SrO 0.1％、Fe2O31％、SiO2 0.8％、TiO2 0.4％、Na2O 0.1％、K2O0.01％，准备2-3mm厚度的泥坯，经850℃低温素烧后，使用浸釉的方法施釉，在釉面放置无花果叶；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的釉胎放于匣钵中，装入电窑，以1240℃高温烧制。升温曲线同实施例1的升温曲线。
实验测试：
一、球磨釉料及试片测试
精确称量各原料克重，根据1：0.7的比重将配料和水放入球磨机球磨。球磨罐中的球不可以超过罐容积的二分之一，球磨时间约25-2100mi n，保证球磨颗粒可以通过目数为120目的筛网。
使用本专利釉料制作三组试片，分别放在窑炉上、中、下三层的不同方位，以便观察釉料发色是否具有稳定性，及其烧成效果最好的位置。每个试片上釉的厚度都要有薄厚之分，仅试片上半部上釉，可方便观察不同厚度釉料的发色及其流淌性。每个试片上面都要用工具刻出不同深度的刻痕，以便观察不同层度的积釉的效果。
通过以上观察可得，本发明实施例3-5的釉料发色稳定性良好，釉层厚度以0.9-1.5mm为宜。
二、烧制温度对产品功能的影响
窑炉：电窑
试片：五组试片1、2、3、4、5，每组20件
窑温：1220℃、1230℃、1240℃、1250℃、1260℃、1270℃
将本发明实施例3-5的产品进行该实验测试，结果见下表1。(a:全部具备软化水质的功能b:部分具有软化水质的功能c：不具备软化水质的功能)
表1
由此可见，本发明产品软化水质的功能受产品最终烧制温度的影响，1230℃左右为最佳烧成温度。
三、本发明产品与普通木叶盏水质的TDS检测；
材料：天然水；仪器：TDS检测笔；单位mg/L；温度：常温；结果如图2。
通过与普通木叶盏水质TDS检测可得本产品可使水质发生明显变化。
四、本专利产品关于地域性水质的TDS检测；
材料：采集水样(鲁东、鲁南、鲁西)；仪器：TDS检测笔；单位mg/L
温度：常温；结果如图3。
通过对山东各地区水质进行取样，然后在本产品的使用基础上对各水质进行TDS检测可清晰的发现TDS检测值的下降。
五、本产品与传统烧制木叶盏叶脉清晰度对比
窑炉：电窑；窑温：1230℃；试片：七组，每组20件；编号：本发明实施例3的产品A、传统木叶盏B。对比结果如下表2。
表2叶片纹理清晰度
| 名称 | 叶片纹理清晰度 |
| A | 叶片脉络清晰，卷叶现象很少，成品率高 |
| B | 叶片脉络较清晰，卷叶率高，成品率低 |
通过烧制实验，可发现本产品叶脉清晰度比传统木叶盏要高很多，且叶片卷曲率低，成品率高。
六、微量元素析出量与饮用水的温度的关系；
样本20g，体积200mL
实验方法：电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法
D.L.表示低于检出限
下表3为本发明实施例3的产品在不同温度下微量元素的析出量。
表3不同温度下微量元素的析出量
本发明实施例1的产品无气孔产生，不析出微量元素。
下表4为本发明实施例2的产品在不同温度下微量元素的析出量。实施例2的产品虽有气孔，但气孔大、析出量大，但其外观比较差，难以保证使用与审美的统一。
表4
通过实验六可得，本发明产品具有软化水质的显著功效。饮用水的温度对产品微量元素的析出量产生影响，温度越高析出量越多，因此为达到产品最佳使用效果建议使用热水冲泡。
本发明木叶盏产品的气孔的形成及尺寸对终产品的获得有显著影响，合适的气孔尺寸，不仅能够保证微量元素的有效析出，而且能够实现产品功效与审美的统一，获得木叶纹理清晰、气孔率适宜的功能木叶盏。
上述具体实施方式不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，对本发明实施方式所做出的任何替代改进或变换均落在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明未详述之处，均为本技术领域技术人员的公知技术。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏，其特征在于，包括以下重量比例的胎料和釉料:
胎料：红高岭土25-30％、白高岭土5-10％、拓沟陶土25-30％、长石10-15％、石英4-5％、CaCO38-10％、MgO 0.05-0.1％、SrO 0.5-0.1％、Fe2O30.5-1％、SiO20.5-0.8％、TiO20.3-0.4％、Na2O 0.01-0.1％、K2O 0.002-0.01％；
釉料：K2O5-7％、Na2O 1-3％、CaO 4％、硅藻土2-4％、Al2O3 14-16％、Fe2O3 5-7％、SiO260-65％、P2O5 0.1-0.5％、TiO2 0.5-1.5％、MnO2 0.05-0.15％；
该基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏的制备方法，包括将上述胎料进行低温素烧、浸釉、装饰木叶以及1220-1240℃高温烧制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏，其特征在于,其制备方法还包括在浸釉前对釉料进行球磨处理、在装饰木叶前对叶片碳化处理的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏，其特征在于，所述高温烧制是将装饰木叶后釉胎放入匣钵进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏，其特征在于，所述木叶为桑叶、拉拉秧、菩提叶、构树、啤酒花、无花果叶、白杨叶或银杏叶。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的基于造孔工艺的木叶功能盏，其特征在于，所述胎料形成的泥坯厚度为2-3mm，所述釉料形成的釉层厚度为0.9-1.5mm。
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