CN111907172B - 一种交通内饰用阻燃pvc革复合物的制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种交通内饰用阻燃pvc革复合物的制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN111907172B
CN111907172B CN202010807086.4A CN202010807086A CN111907172B CN 111907172 B CN111907172 B CN 111907172B CN 202010807086 A CN202010807086 A CN 202010807086A CN 111907172 B CN111907172 B CN 111907172B
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flame
retardant
parts
pvc leather
weight
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CN111907172A (zh
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蒋小云
唐俊毅
刘清华
陈忠刚
宋习兵
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Hangzhou Xiangjuan Flame Retardant Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物及其制备方法与应用。该革复合物包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，阻燃功能层由PVC糊树脂100份、阻燃增塑剂50‑120份、含磷液体阻燃剂5‑20份、粉体阻燃剂5‑20份、阻燃协效剂3‑10份、磷酸锆1‑10份、抗氧化剂1‑5份、热稳定剂1‑5份、填料1‑10份，色浆0‑5份、发泡剂1‑10份制成，弹性层是聚氨酯海绵，阻燃功能层与PVC革层结合，形成阻燃PVC革层，再通过火焰复合、阻燃胶水复合或阻燃热熔胶复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合。该阻燃PVC革复合物具有阻燃性能优异、低烟少毒、低VOC、低雾化值、无异味、手感柔软、剥离强度高、回弹性好等特点，可广泛应用于小汽车、客车、货车、高铁、动车、城铁、低速火车的座椅、安全座椅、门板、扶手等。

Description

一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物的制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃材料领域，具体涉及一种交通内饰阻燃PVC革复合物的制备方法与应用。
背景技术
近年来，机动车燃烧事故频发，国家有关部委发文指出，机动车内饰材料燃烧测试标准是确保机动车安全的重要因素之一。各国针对车用内饰面料的燃烧性都有明确的法规，我国在校车、客车及火车用内饰面料的阻燃性能要求上提出了新标准，水平燃烧测试指标由原来的燃烧速度≤100mm/min降低至≤70mm/min。客车内饰材料的阻燃要求仅参照国家强制性GB8410-2006控制水平燃烧速度，不足以有效的防止火灾、延缓火势蔓延。因此，GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》于2019年10月14日正式发布，提出了垂直燃烧速度、水平燃烧速度、氧指数、烟密度等多项指标要求，提高了交通内饰的防火阻燃性能要求。在新国标中规定皮革材料座椅用氧指数≥27％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，皮革材料其他用途则氧指数≥25％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75。
PVC皮革在交通内饰中广泛应用，尤其是作为座椅材料，但是普通PVC革的氧指数极低，且易产生浓黑烟，在发生火灾时，极易造成巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡。因此，PVC皮革必须要有很好的阻燃性，降低火焰蔓延速率，给予乘客充分的逃生时间。
目前，PVC革的阻燃研究已有一些报道，已开发了一些有关PVC革阻燃的材料，如申请号为201510196503.5的专利:一种氧化锑复配阻燃PVC软质复合材料及其制备方法，该发明公开了一种氧化锑复配阻燃PVC软质复合材料及其制备方法，所述复合材料包括以下原料：PVC(SG-3)，增塑剂，三氧化二锑，钼酸铵，蒙脱土，钙锌稳定剂，EVA，环氧大豆油，偶联剂，分散剂。该发明产品制备过程为：对三氧化二锑进行改性后，与钼酸铵、蒙脱土、EVA等原料进行混合，将混合后的粉体用振动离心式筛分机筛分，将筛选的粉体干燥后进行防水性包装即得。该发明产品可作为PVC制品的直接添加原料，也可作为改性助剂进行添加，还可用作PVC皮革、防护性装修材料等软质防火材料。
又如,申请号为201710871747.8的专利(一种复合阻燃低烟抗静电皮革)，该发明涉及一种复合阻燃低烟抗静电皮革，包括基布层，基布层上设有粘合层，粘合层上设有助剂层，助剂层上设有PVC发泡层，PVC发泡层上设有PVC面层，PVC面层上设有油性处理层。助剂层中的助剂为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌等。
申请号为201811608572.2的专利,公开了一种阻燃皮革砖及其刺绣方法，所述阻燃皮革砖包括皮革层和阻燃PU层，所述阻燃PU层包括下述原料制备而成：聚醚多元醇、膨润土、二甲基硅油、1,4-丁二醇、胺催化剂、抗氧剂、水、碳酸镁、甘油三醋酸酯、异锌酸钾、阻燃添加剂、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、异氰酸酯。
申请号为201810158484.0的发明专利,提供了一种阻燃皮革的制备方法，包括如下步骤：1)将皮革浸入液体阻燃剂后采用辐照，辐照的剂量为40—60Gy；2)将皮革烘干。
上述各专利都不涉及交通内饰PVC革复合物的阻燃问题，未能解决已经制成的常规的低阻燃/非阻燃PVC革产品的阻燃问题，更加没有解决已经制成的常规PVC革与弹性填充物(聚氨酯海绵)复合后的产品的低烟高效阻燃问题。部分专利，摈弃传统的低阻燃/非阻燃PVC革产品，重新探索工艺和配方，制备全新的阻燃PVC革，则属于另外的技术领域和技术方案，其手感、纹路、强度、韧性、耐高低温性、耐候性等会发生新的变化，而这些与本专利要解决的技术问题不同。
一直以来国内外产业界都用水平燃烧法作为评价标准，LOI并不是强制指标，因此通常的PVC革复合物产品的LOI实际测试值都较低。GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰材料阻燃性能的要求，规定皮革材料座椅用氧指数≥27％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75皮革。因此高阻燃性能的PVC革复合物将代替普通的PVC革复合物和阻燃性能不能达到要求的PVC革复合物。
发明内容
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，所述阻燃功能层包括下述原料：PVC糊树脂100份、阻燃增塑剂50-120份、含磷液体阻燃剂5-20份、粉体阻燃剂5-20份、阻燃协效剂3-10份、磷酸锆1-10份、抗氧化剂1-5份、热稳定剂1-5份、填料1-10份，色浆0-5份、发泡剂1-10份，所述弹性层是聚氨酯海绵，所述阻燃功能层与PVC革层结合，形成阻燃PVC革层，所述阻燃PVC革层，通过火焰复合、阻燃胶水复合或阻燃热熔胶复合而实现与所述弹性层的紧密结合。
作为优选，所述阻燃增塑剂为含磷阻燃增塑剂或含卤阻燃增塑剂中的一种或两种。
作为优选，所述含磷液体阻燃剂是磷酸酯类阻燃剂，由双酚A-双(二苯基磷酸酯)BDP、间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)RDP、甲基膦酸二甲酯DMMP、磷酸三苯酯TPP、磷酸三甲苯酯TCP、磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯TCPP、三羧基乙基膦TCEP、叔丁基化磷酸三苯酯BPDP中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
作为优选，所述粉体阻燃剂由十溴二苯乙烷、四溴双酚A、八溴硫醚、聚磷酸铵APP、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐MPP、红磷、包覆红磷、三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、磷腈中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成，所述阻燃协效剂由三氧化二锑、羟基锡酸锌、水合羟基锡酸锌、硼酸锌、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、水滑石中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
作为优选，所述抗氧化剂包括主抗氧剂和辅助抗氧剂，且所述主抗氧剂和所述辅助抗氧剂的质量比例在1：1-1：4之间，其中，所述主抗氧剂选自抗氧剂(四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯)、抗氧剂(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)、抗氧剂(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)中的一种或多种；所述辅助抗氧剂选自抗氧剂(三[2,4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯)、三辛基亚磷酸酯、三癸基亚磷酸酯、三[十二碳烷基]亚磷酸酯和三[十六碳烷基]亚磷酸酯中的一种或多种。
作为优选，所述填料由碳酸钙、碳酸镁、陶瓷化粉、蒙脱土、二氧化硅、海泡石、滑石粉、硫酸钙、硫酸镁中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。
作为优选，所述色浆用量为0.5-4.5份，且所述色浆选自黑色色浆、红色色浆、黄色色浆、白色色浆、蓝色色浆、橙色色浆、青色色浆、紫色色浆中一种或多种。
作为优选，所述阻燃功能层的氧指数在30-36％，所述阻燃PVC革层的氧指数在27％-32％，所述阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数在27-30％。
作为优选，一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物的制备方法，通过以下工艺步骤加工得到：
步骤S1：制备阻燃功能层，所述阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、阻燃增塑剂70-100份、含磷液体阻燃剂5-20份、粉体阻燃剂5-20份、阻燃协效剂3-10份、磷酸锆1-10份、抗氧化剂1-5份、热稳定剂1-5份、填料1-5份、色浆0-5份、发泡剂1-10份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在500-2000rmp/min，搅拌时间30-60min，制备得到阻燃功能层。
步骤S2：将步骤S1制备的阻燃功能层，通过刮涂或滚涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，经过100-150℃温度烘干成型，车速在5-60m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。
步骤S3：将步骤S3制备的阻燃PVC革层，通过火焰复合、阻燃胶水复合或阻燃热熔胶复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物。
作为优选，所述阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层重量的5-50％。弹性层的厚度优选为1-100mm。
本发明与现有技术区别在于：目前，阻燃PVC革的开发基本是在制备PVC革的过程中加入阻燃成分，且用量也是相当大，但是加入大量的阻燃剂对PVC革的物理性能有很大的影响，其手感偏硬、延展性差、耐磨性差、易于开裂、耐低温性能差、纹路色泽不佳、断裂强力较差等问题一直没有很好的解决。
本发明在不影响PVC革的外观及物理性能，直接采用市场上普通的PVC革进行阻燃开发，通过在普通的PVC革上覆盖一层阻燃功能层，而且是采用本身含氯的PVC糊树脂，配合各种阻燃增塑剂、含磷液体阻燃剂、粉体阻燃剂、阻燃协效剂等功能助剂，再利用火焰复合、阻燃胶水复合或阻燃热熔胶复合方式而实现与所述弹性层的紧密结合，制备了一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物。
本发明的有益效果在于：阻燃功能层材料在高分子主体结构上与PVC革类似，但在各种阻燃增塑剂、含磷液体阻燃剂、粉体阻燃剂、阻燃协效剂等功能助剂的配合下,在阻燃过程中能形成紧密的原位阻燃增效作用,既能在气相发挥卤素与协效剂的自由基阻燃效应,也能在固相实现炭层的凝聚相阻燃,而且阻燃功能层和PVC革层可以形成种类一致、结构类似的炭层并互相结合成更加致密厚实的炭层,实现复合物的隔热隔氧阻燃,对底层的非阻燃的弹性层实现了良好的阻燃防护。其氧指数≥27％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。本发明制备工艺简单，成本较低，阻燃性能优异，低烟少毒、低VOC、低雾化值、无异味、手感柔软、剥离强度高、回弹性好、抗菌防霉等特点，可广泛应用于小汽车、客车、货车、高铁、动车、城铁、低速火车的座椅、安全座椅、门板、扶手等。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但不应以此限制本发明的保护范围：
实施例1
一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、磷酸二苯异辛酯50份、BDP 5份、APP 5份、羟基锡酸锌3份、磷酸锆5份、四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯1份、三[2,4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯1份、热稳定剂1份、碳酸钙1份、黑色浆1份、发泡剂1份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在600-800rmp/min，搅拌时间30min，制备得到阻燃功能层涂料。将阻燃功能层涂料，通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层的10％，经过120℃温度烘干成型，车速在20m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是27.0％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。
实施例2
一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、磷酸二苯异辛酯100份、BDP 5份、APP 20份、羟基锡酸锌5份、磷酸锆5份、四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯1份、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯1份、热稳定剂1份、碳酸钙1份、黑色浆1份、发泡剂1份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在1800-2000rmp/min，搅拌时间60min，制备得到阻燃功能层涂料。将阻燃功能层涂料，通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层的20％，经过120℃温度烘干成型，车速在20m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是27.5％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。
实施例3
一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、磷酸二苯异辛酯80份、RDP 20份、APP 20份、硼酸锌10份、磷酸锆5份、四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯1份、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯1份、热稳定剂1份、碳酸钙1份、黑色浆1份、发泡剂1份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在600-800rmp/min，搅拌时间60min，制备得到阻燃功能层涂料。将阻燃功能层涂料，通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层的25％，经过130℃温度烘干成型，车速在15m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是28.0％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。
实施例4
一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、磷酸二苯异丙苯酯70份、RDP 10份、APP 10份、羟基锡酸锌3份、磷酸锆1份、四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯1份、三[2,4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯4份、热稳定剂1份、碳酸钙1份、红色浆1份、发泡剂10份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在700-900rmp/min，搅拌时间30min，制备得到阻燃功能层涂料。将阻燃功能层涂料，通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层的25％，经过130℃温度烘干成型，车速在15m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是28.0％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。
实施例5
一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、磷酸二苯异丙苯酯100份、RDP 5份、APP 20份、羟基锡酸锌5份、磷酸锆9份、四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯1份、三辛基亚磷酸酯1份、热稳定剂4份、蒙脱土10份、红色浆1份、发泡剂1份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在700-900rmp/min，搅拌时间60min，制备得到阻燃功能层涂料。将阻燃功能层涂料，通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层的30％，经过130℃温度烘干成型，车速在60m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是28.5％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。
实施例6
一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，包括PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层，阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、磷酸二苯异丙苯酯70份、RDP 20份、APP 20份、羟基锡酸锌5份、磷酸锆5份、四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯1份、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯1份、热稳定剂1份、碳酸钙1份、红色浆1份、发泡剂1份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在700-900rmp/min，搅拌时间60min，制备得到阻燃功能层涂料。将阻燃功能层涂料，通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层的40％，经过130℃温度烘干成型，车速在15m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是30％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。
对比例1
采用水性阻燃聚氨酯50份、RDP 20份、APP 20份、分散剂0.5份、增稠剂1份、流平剂0.5份、润湿剂0.5份，依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在700-900rmp/min，搅拌时间60min，制备得到阻燃涂层胶。将阻燃涂层胶，通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，阻燃涂层胶的重量是PVC革层的40％，经过170℃温度烘干成型，车速在15m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层(PVC革面有变色且变形)。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是23％，远远低于本发明的实施例的氧指数30％，并且焙烘温度高，不仅能耗高，容易造成PVC革的变色，变形、开裂等问题，同时采用水性阻燃聚氨酯作为粘合剂，粘合的牢度较差，耐气候性差，涂层胶易脱落。
对比例2
采用PVC糊树脂100份、DOP 70份、RDP 20份、APP 30份、羟基锡酸锌5份、磷酸锆5份、四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯1份、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯1份、热稳定剂1份、碳酸钙1份、红色浆1份、发泡剂1份。将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在700-900rmp/min，搅拌时间60min，制备得到涂层胶。将涂层胶通过刮涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，其重量是PVC革层的40％，经过130℃温度烘干成型，车速在15m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层。再将阻燃PVC皮革层通过火焰复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物，其阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数是21％。采用PVC皮革用增塑剂DOP，加入到涂层胶中配胶，最后得到的PVC革复合物氧指数很低，在空气中就能被点燃，且不容易熄灭，虽然配方中加入大量的阻燃剂，但还是不能解决其阻燃问题。PVC/DOP体系中，DOP易于吸附结合，均匀分散于体系中，即便DOP用量不大，但对PVC涂层胶的阻燃性影响很大，实验中研究发现，少量DOP便使得涂层胶、阻燃PVC皮革层的LOI大大降低，而且，DOP如果用量大了，还会影响复合物的复合牢度，此外，其环保性能方面也存在不足。
本发明中考虑环保和阻燃性能的因素，摒弃常用的增塑剂DOP，而是通过大量探索实验，优化阻燃增塑剂的种类和用量，既能起到PVC糊树脂的增塑作用，又可提高其阻燃性能。试验中发现，单一的阻燃增塑剂并不能满足GB38262-2019的要求，必须配合其他的助剂，因此选择含磷液体阻燃剂、粉体阻燃剂、阻燃协效剂等功能助剂种类和用量也是通过大量试验探索得出。本发明的技术方案可实现PVC皮革复合物的氧指数大于27％，水平燃烧不低于B，垂直燃烧≤100mm/min，烟密度等级≤75，满足GB38262-2019《客车内饰材料的燃烧特性》对客车内饰皮革材料阻燃性能的要求。
表1.交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物样品的阻燃性能
实施1 实施2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 对比例1 对比例1
氧指数％ 27 27.5 28 28 28.5 30 23 21

Claims (8)

1.一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，其特征在于，由PVC革层、阻燃功能层和弹性层组成，所述阻燃功能层按重量份数计，由PVC糊树脂100份、阻燃增塑剂50-120份、含磷液体阻燃剂5-20份、粉体阻燃剂5-20份、阻燃协效剂3-10份、磷酸锆1-10份、抗氧化剂1-5份、热稳定剂1-5份、填料1-10份，色浆0-5份和发泡剂1-10份组成，所述弹性层是聚氨酯海绵，所述阻燃功能层与PVC革层结合，形成阻燃PVC革层，所述阻燃PVC革层，通过火焰复合、阻燃胶水复合或阻燃热熔胶复合而实现与所述弹性层的紧密结合；
其中，所述阻燃增塑剂为含磷阻燃增塑剂或含卤阻燃增塑剂中的一种或两种；
所述含磷液体阻燃剂是磷酸酯类阻燃剂，由双酚A-双(二苯基磷酸酯)BDP、间苯二酚双（二苯基磷酸酯）RDP、甲基膦酸二甲酯DMMP、磷酸三苯酯TPP、磷酸三甲苯酯TCP、磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯TCPP、三羧基乙基膦TCEP、叔丁基化磷酸三苯酯BPDP中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，其特征在于：所述粉体阻燃剂由十溴二苯乙烷、四溴双酚A、八溴硫醚、聚磷酸铵APP、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐MPP、红磷、包覆红磷、三聚氰胺、磷腈中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成，所述阻燃协效剂由三氧化二锑、羟基锡酸锌、水合羟基锡酸锌、硼酸锌、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、水滑石中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，其特征在于：所述抗氧化剂包括主抗氧剂和辅助抗氧剂，且所述主抗氧剂和所述辅助抗氧剂的质量比例在1：1-1：4之间，其中，所述主抗氧剂选自抗氧剂四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸]季戊四醇酯、抗氧剂β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯、抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚中的一种或多种；所述辅助抗氧剂选自抗氧剂三[2, 4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯、三辛基亚磷酸酯、三癸基亚磷酸酯、三[十二碳烷基]亚磷酸酯和三[十六碳烷基]亚磷酸酯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，其特征在于：所述填料由碳酸钙、碳酸镁、陶瓷化粉、蒙脱土、二氧化硅、海泡石、滑石粉、硫酸钙、硫酸镁中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，其特征在于：所述色浆用量为0.5-4.5份，且所述色浆选自黑色色浆、红色色浆、黄色色浆、白色色浆、蓝色色浆、橙色色浆、青色色浆、紫色色浆中一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物，其特征在于：所述阻燃功能层的氧指数在30-36%，所述阻燃PVC革层的氧指数在27%-32%，所述阻燃PVC革复合物的氧指数在27-30%。
7.一种权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物的制备方法，其特征在于，通过以下工艺步骤加工得到：
步骤S1：制备阻燃功能层，所述阻燃功能层按重量份数包括PVC糊树脂100份、阻燃增塑剂70-100份、含磷液体阻燃剂5-20份、粉体阻燃剂5-20份、阻燃协效剂3-10份、磷酸锆1-10份、抗氧化剂1-5份、热稳定剂1-5份、填料1-5份、色浆0-5份、发泡剂1-10份；将上述原料依次加入分散搅拌机，搅拌速度在500-2000rmp/min，搅拌时间30-60min，制备得到阻燃功能层；
步骤S2：将步骤S1制备的阻燃功能层，通过刮涂或滚涂方式涂覆至PVC皮革背面，经过100-150℃温度烘干成型，车速在5-60m/min，制备得到阻燃PVC革层；
步骤S3：将步骤S3制备的阻燃PVC革层，通过火焰复合、阻燃胶水复合或阻燃热熔胶复合而实现与弹性层的紧密结合，制备得到阻燃PVC革复合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种交通内饰用阻燃PVC革复合物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述阻燃功能层的重量是PVC革层重量的5-50%。
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