CN111905079B - 一种治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111905079B
CN111905079B CN202010772057.9A CN202010772057A CN111905079B CN 111905079 B CN111905079 B CN 111905079B CN 202010772057 A CN202010772057 A CN 202010772057A CN 111905079 B CN111905079 B CN 111905079B
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preparation
fever
traditional chinese
cough
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CN111905079A (zh
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石显方
周本杰
乡世健
夏凡
刘玉兴
纪秋凤
陈芝娟
石裕昕
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Seventh Affiliated Hospital Of Sun Yat Sen University Shenzhen
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药组合物及其制备方法。其包括芦荟5‑15重量份、炙麻黄5‑15重量份、细辛3‑9重量份、金钱草10‑20重量份、蝉蜕5‑15重量份、浙贝10‑20重量份、姜半夏5‑15重量份、沉香4‑12重量份、蜂房10‑20重量份、郁金6‑18重量份、丹参8‑24重量份、防风5‑15重量份、荆芥5‑15重量份、紫草5‑15重量份、葛根6‑18重量份、柴胡5‑15重量份、天冬10‑20重量份、麦冬10‑20重量份、白芷5‑15重量份、花椒1.5‑4.5重量份、石苇10‑20重量份、玉米须10‑20重量份、连翘5‑15重量份、火麻仁5‑15重量份、黄芩5‑15重量份、黄柏5‑15重量份、冬瓜皮10‑20重量份、郁李仁5‑15重量份、鱼腥草10‑20重量份、地龙10‑20重量份。本发明的药物宣肺清毒,通便泄热,利湿化痰,具有治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的作用。

Description

一种治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药组合物及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及一种具有治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术:
外感(感冒)是临床多发性疾病,与季节、人体健康状态有着极大的相关性。感冒发热、咳嗽是指感冒常常能引起的症状,感冒的发生主要由于体虚,抗病能力减弱而引起的。当气候剧变时,人体内外功能不能适应,邪气乘虚由皮毛、口鼻而入,引起一系列发热症状,四季均可发生,是当今发病率非常高的一种疾病。
目前市场上用于感冒的化学药均为对症治疗,且均存在不同程度的副作用,对于孕妇或肝肾功能不佳的老年等特殊患者还存在一起的禁忌症,影响临床用药。中医药强调整体观,认为外感是由机体正气不足、外邪入侵所致,治则扶正祛邪,能从外感诱发的病因上寻求治疗方法,因而能治病求本,疗效更为巩固。同时,由于中药复方具有多种成分,可发挥其多靶点治疗外感的药效优势。
因此,利用传统中医药资源,利用现代生物及制剂技术,研究开发一种具有治疗感冒、发热、咳嗽作用效果明显的中草药制剂,具有重要的意义,同时也有巨大的市场开发潜力。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药组合物,其具有宣肺清毒,通便泄热,利湿化痰的作用。
所述的治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药组合物,其特征是由以下重量份的原料药组成:
Figure BDA0002617021950000021
本中药组合物的优选配方组成为:
Figure BDA0002617021950000022
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的中药制剂的制备方法,制备工艺简单,药物有效成分的提取工艺简便,产品质量易控制。
具体步骤如下:将各味中药按其含量混合用水回流提取,过滤得滤液,即为汤剂。
优选是用6~12倍药材重量的水,加热回流提取1~3小时,提取1~3次,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至每毫升含生药1.0~5.0g,即得。
进一步优选,将所述的汤剂添加制备不同剂型时所需的各种常规辅料,按照中药常规制剂工艺制备成任何一种口服制剂,如片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液等。
本配方是五代中医世家的名中医石显方的经验方,药用麻黄、芦荟为君药,麻黄疏解肌表、化痰止咳、运水祛湿,为祛风邪、开腠理、宣肺气的首选药物;芦荟清利湿热,芦荟又能清泄大肠,肺与大肠相表里,起到釜底抽薪的作用。臣药为细辛、鱼腥草、浙贝、姜半夏、沉香。细辛宣散胸气,辛散风邪,兼以驱寒、祛痰湿;鱼腥草清肺解毒、利尿除湿;浙贝、姜半夏降气化痰、开郁散结。细辛、鱼腥草、浙贝三味药辅助麻黄宣散肺气、止咳平喘、祛痰之功效;沉香行气温中、纳气平喘。佐以葛根、荆芥、防风、白芷,加强宣发肺气力度,兼以清热解表、驱散疫毒之邪;蜂房、蝉蜕、地龙等虫类药可祛风通络、化痰解痉;黄芩、连翘清热燥湿、泻火解毒;肺为娇脏,天冬、麦冬清热之余,可清养肺气,养阴透热,帮助肺气恢复。使药包括:火麻仁、郁李仁、紫草、郁金、黄柏、金钱草、丹参、柴胡、石苇、冬瓜皮、玉米须、花椒。火麻仁、郁李仁、紫草、郁金、黄柏、金钱草清利湿热、通利大便;肝升肺降,肺气郁闭,必然导致肝气升发异常,故郁金、丹参、柴胡、黄柏疏肝解郁,条达肝气;石苇、冬瓜皮、玉米须利水清热,使热从小便走泄;花椒具有抗病毒作用,清解疫毒,并因其味辛,有舒展肝气之功效。上述中药组成本方,可宣发肺气、清利湿热,兼以化痰止咳、清热解毒,养阴透热、疏肝解郁、利水通便,解决根本病因同时,兼顾调理气血,去除病根。
本发明的药物宣肺清毒,通便泄热,利湿化痰,具有治疗感冒、咳嗽和发热的作用。本发明的优势在于:原料易得,药物有效成分的提取工艺简便,有利于投入大生产,产品质量易控制。
具体实施方式:
本中药组合物可以为汤剂。或者,为了患者服用的方便和根据提取物的特性,可以制成制剂,以所述中药组合物配方中组分的提取物为有效成分,添加相应药用辅料,按照中药常规制剂工艺制备成任何一种口服制剂,例如片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液。优选的,提取物为水提物,可按常规的水提工艺制备,例如:取配方的药材按照君臣佐使处方比例混合,每次用6~12倍药材份量的水,加热回流提取1~3小时,提取1~3次,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至每毫升含生药1.0~5.0g,即得,再添加相应药用辅料可制备成任何一种口服制剂。
下列实施例将进一步说明本发明的制备方法及本发明在中药制剂中应用,凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
Figure BDA0002617021950000041
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.16g,得到汤剂。
实施例2
Figure BDA0002617021950000051
取上述药物,剪碎,加12倍药材重量的水,回流提取3小时,提取3次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.16g,得到汤剂。
实施例3
Figure BDA0002617021950000052
Figure BDA0002617021950000061
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1小时,提取1次,过滤,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.16g,得到汤剂。
实施例4
Figure BDA0002617021950000062
取上述药物,剪碎,加10倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取3次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.16g,得到汤剂。
实施例5
Figure BDA0002617021950000063
Figure BDA0002617021950000071
取上述药物,剪碎,加12倍药材重量的水,回流提取1小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.16g,得到汤剂。
实施例6
Figure BDA0002617021950000072
取上述药物,剪碎,加10倍药材重量的水,回流提取2小时,提取1次,过滤,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.16g,得到汤剂。
实施例7
Figure BDA0002617021950000073
Figure BDA0002617021950000081
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.04g,得到汤剂。
实施例8
Figure BDA0002617021950000082
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.15g,得到汤剂。
实施例9
Figure BDA0002617021950000091
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.15g,得到汤剂。
实施例10
Figure BDA0002617021950000092
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.19g,得到汤剂。
实施例11
Figure BDA0002617021950000101
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.16g,得到汤剂。
实施例12
Figure BDA0002617021950000102
Figure BDA0002617021950000111
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到35mL,每毫升含生药量为4.96g,得到汤剂。
实施例13
Figure BDA0002617021950000112
取上述药物,剪碎,加8倍药材重量的水,回流提取1.5小时,提取2次,合并提取液,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩到300mL,每毫升含生药量为1.65g,得到汤剂。
实施例14
取上述实施例1所得汤剂,浓缩,干燥,加入适量的糊精,混匀,得到干浸膏,制粒,过14目筛进行整粒,分装,制得颗粒剂。每包重10g。
实施例15
取上述实施例1所得汤剂,浓缩,干燥,得到干浸膏;将干浸膏研成细粉,与适量的磷酸氢钙、微晶纤维素、三氯蔗糖、交联聚维酮和羧甲基淀粉钠,混匀,3%聚维酮溶液为粘合剂,过14目筛进行制粒,65℃干燥,再过14目筛进行整粒,然后加入适量的硬脂酸镁,压制成分散片。分散片每片0.5g。
实施例16
取上述实施例1所得汤剂,浓缩,干燥,得到干浸膏;将干浸膏研成细粉,加入适量的药用淀粉和硬脂酸镁,混合均匀,过筛,装入胶囊,制成硬胶囊。每粒内容物重0.2g。
实施例17
取上述实施例1所得汤剂,浓缩,干燥,得到干浸膏;加入适量的丙二醇、卵磷脂和大豆油,振动磨超微20分钟,使混匀,制成软胶囊。每粒含内容物0.3g。
实施例18
取上述实施例1所得汤剂,浓缩,干燥,得到干浸膏;将干浸膏研成细粉,加入适量的药用淀粉和微粉硅胶,混合,过14目筛进行制粒,65℃干燥,再过14目筛进行整粒,然后加入适量的硬脂酸镁,混匀,压制成片剂。每片重0.3g。
实施例19
取上述实施例1所得汤剂,加入适量纯净水,搅拌加热煮沸,煮沸20分钟,待冷却到30~40℃时,加入适量壳聚糖和山梨酸钾,搅拌使溶解均匀,过滤,过滤,分装,灭菌,即得口服液。每支口服液10mL。
实验例20:流行性感冒治疗的临床疗效观察
1.诊断标准
1.1西医诊断标准
(1)流行病学史:有感冒流行病接触史;
(2)临床表现(以局部症状为主,全身症状可以或不明显):
1)发热(腋温≥37.3℃)和/或呼吸道症状;
2)局部症状喷嚏、流涕、咳嗽、咽痛;
3)全身症状恶寒发热、头痛头昏等。
1.2中医外感诊断标准
(1)恶寒发热,症见咽痛,鼻塞流涕,身倦困痛;
(2)脉数,舌质正常或红,舌苔薄白或黄;
(3)发病急,传播快,呈流行性。
2.入选标准
(1)符合西医诊断标准;
(2)符合中医诊断标准;
(3)患者知情配合。
3.病例选择
观察病例51例,随机分为两组,进行平行对照研究。女性22例,男性29例,年龄在16-66周岁。两组在生命特征、病情严重程度、既往史、实验室检查等方面均无统计学差异,具有可比性。
4.给药方案
对照组受试者给予对西药乙酰氨基酚片(中美天津史克制药有限公司生产)2片/次,每天3次。实验组受试者除给予对照组的治疗方案外,再口服给予实施例1制得的汤剂,每日2次,每次150mL。试验期间禁止加用与试验药物作用相近的中西药品。
5.观察指标
(1)退热时间,退热是指腋温≤37.3℃,且不发热时间持续24小时以上;
(2)咳嗽缓解情况;
(3)咽痛、乏力、呼吸困难、鼻塞、肌肉痛、其他呼吸道症状等缓解情况;
(4)不良事件,以及血常规、肝功能、肾功能等的变化情况。
6.统计方法
统计分析采用SPSS软件。所有的统计检验均采用双侧检验,描述性分析的计数资料采用例数及构成比描述,计量资料采用均数±标准差描述或四分位法描述:中位数(Q1,Q3)。计量资料的组间比较根据样本量大小及其分布情况采用t检验或非参数检验,计数资料采用卡方检验或精确概率法。以P≤0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
7.疗效评定结果
7.1患者临床特征统计
表1为患者临床特征统计结果。入院时主要临床症状为发热(45例88.2%)和咳嗽(22例 43.1%),两组差异无统计学意义。其他非特异性症状包括咽喉痛8例(15.7%)、疲劳5例(9.8%)、腹泻3例(5.9%)、呼吸困难3例(5.9%)、肌痛2例(3.9%)、头痛1例(2.0%)、鼻塞1例(2.0%)。比较初始生命体征,结果无显著差异。
表1患者临床特征及实验结果
Figure BDA0002617021950000141
Figure BDA0002617021950000151
7.2有效性结果
表2显示发热和咳嗽两种主要症状从给药到症状缓解的时间,中药组合物(实施例1的汤剂)试验组发热缓解(腋温<37.3℃,≥24小时)时间为1-7天,中位数为2天(IQR 1.0-2.3),其中76.5%的发热患者(26例/34例)3天内缓解;对照组发热缓解时间为1-5天,中位数为3.5天(IQR 1.3-4.8),其中50%的发热患者(6例/12例)3天内缓解;两组比较有显著性差异(P=0.036)。对于咳嗽,中药组合物试验组咳嗽症状缓解情况优于西药组,中位缓解时间分别是4.5天(IQR 4.0-6.0)和7.0天(IQR 4.5-10.3)。本研究提示,本发明的中药组合物治疗感冒、发热、咳嗽患者能显著缩短发热时间,咳嗽缓解的时间也更短。
表2主要症状缓解时长分析
Figure BDA0002617021950000161
IQR=四分位距。

Claims (6)

1.一种治疗感冒的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药组成:
Figure FDA0003213498500000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药组成:
Figure FDA0003213498500000012
3.一种治疗感冒的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,根据权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物的配方,将各味中药按其含量混合用水回流提取,过滤得滤液,获得汤剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,是用6~12倍药材重量的水,加热回流提取1~3小时,提取1~3次,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至每毫升含生药1.0~5.0g。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述的汤剂添加制备不同剂型时所需的各种常规辅料,按照中药常规制剂工艺制备成任何一种口服制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的口服制剂是片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或口服液。
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