CN111903570A - Modularized intensive rice and fish symbiotic system - Google Patents
Modularized intensive rice and fish symbiotic system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903570A CN111903570A CN202010671612.9A CN202010671612A CN111903570A CN 111903570 A CN111903570 A CN 111903570A CN 202010671612 A CN202010671612 A CN 202010671612A CN 111903570 A CN111903570 A CN 111903570A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a modularized intensive rice and fish symbiotic system which comprises the steps of site selection and requirements of a rice field, facilities and layout, rice field transformation, facility construction and the like. The invention is formed by carrying out 'small-to-large' unit combination on sporadic and scattered fishing-beneficial rice fields, constructing aquaculture facilities according to reasonable area proportion and specific technical parameters for each unit, and then taking a plurality of units as a module to carry out overall scientific layout and perfecting the construction of matched facilities; the rice planting area and the aquaculture environment of the system are relatively independent and organically combined, various limitations formed by internal contradictions of environmental requirements, production period, management modes, technical requirements and the like between rice crops and aquatic animals can be effectively broken through, and the outstanding problems of low fishing yield, small product specification, few selectable aquaculture varieties, high labor cost, poor production benefit and the like commonly existing in the traditional rice field fish culture practice are solved, so that the modularization, intensification and sustainable utilization of rice field resources are realized, and the production efficiency is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice and fish symbiosis, in particular to a modular intensive rice and fish symbiosis system.
Background
Rice is a crop planted in a plurality of countries and regions in the world, China is used as the largest rice producing country and rice consuming country in the world, and green and safe production of the rice has important significance on the stability of agricultural production and grain safety in China. The rice and fish symbiotic system is one of essences of traditional agricultural culture in thousands of years in China.
At present, ecological agriculture becomes the leading mode of agricultural development, support of agricultural policies in China and demand of markets for high-quality agricultural products, and due to the prominent problems of low fishing yield, small product specification, few selectable breeding varieties, high labor cost, poor production benefit and the like which commonly exist in the traditional rice field fish farming practice, the challenge is brought to the new round development of the rice field farming industry, so that how to apply modern agricultural science and technology is well, the reform and technical innovation of the rice field fish farming method are promoted, and the method has profound theoretical significance and practical value for realizing agricultural green high-efficiency sustainable production, guaranteeing the safety of agricultural and sideline products, widening accurate poverty-relieving channels and perfecting the technical system of the rice field farming industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a modular intensive rice and fish symbiotic system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a modularized intensive rice and fish symbiotic system comprises site selection and requirements of a rice field, system modularized construction, and construction and layout of facilities.
The site selection and the requirement of the rice field comprise the following steps:
step one, the land form of the rice field area is relatively flat and wide, the sunshine time is long, the illumination is sufficient, good illumination conditions can be provided for the growth of the rice fishes, the area of the connected pieces is more than 60 mu, preferably 100 mu-200 mu;
step two, sufficient water source of the rice field, clear water quality, no pollution and convenient irrigation and drainage;
step three, the soil quality of the rice field has strong water-retaining capacity and no leakage; the soil is fertile and alkalescent, and is particularly suitable for rice fields with high curing and high fertility of plough layers, which can be pulped after irrigation and are not hardened after drying.
The system modular construction comprises the following steps:
step one, unit construction: after the rice fields which are adjacent to each other, have similar height difference and different sizes are combined and leveled, the rice fields are combined into 1 field block according to the size of 15-30 mu, and the field block is 1 basic unit (hereinafter referred to as unit); the main functions of the device are divided into a planting area, a breeding area and an interval channel. Correspondingly, the main facilities of the unit consist of three parts, namely a rice field, a fish pond and a fish ditch, and the area percentage is respectively 90%, 7.5% and 2.5%; the area proportion of the fish pond and the fish ditch is strictly controlled within 10 percent; each unit is a relatively independent rice and fishing symbiotic system, and can carry out comprehensive planting and production of specific varieties of rice and fishing;
step two, supporting facilities: the supporting facilities are necessary facilities meeting the production technology and management requirements. Integrally supporting and constructing according to modules, wherein the integrally supporting and constructing comprises ridges, gates, production management roads, tractor ploughing openings, water inlet pipes, drainage channels, seepage-proofing, escape-proofing, enemy-proofing and other facilities;
step three, module construction: constructing two or more basic units connected with each other and supporting facilities thereof into 1 production module; the size of the module can be flexibly constructed according to terrain conditions, production scale and management level, and each unit is 20 mu, preferably comprising 5-10 units and the total area of the rice field is 100-200 mu.
The construction and layout of the facility comprises the following steps:
step one, overall layout: the unit and the supporting facilities of the module are integrally planned and distributed according to the principle of local conditions, convenient management, high efficiency, practicability, beauty and tidiness;
step two, production management road: the method is a main road for production management, and the reservation is firstly determined during module design, and reconstruction and extension are carried out on the basis of the original production management road as far as possible. The road surface width is required to be 5.0-6.0 m, the road surface is solid and flat, the bearing capacity is more than 20 tons, and the agricultural machinery and the production and transportation vehicle can conveniently pass in and out of the production module to reach each production unit;
step three, rice field unit transformation construction: the rice fields which are adjacent to each other, have similar height difference and different sizes are combined to be divided and leveled into standard production units. The unit partition is preferably 20 mu in area, rectangular and 1.3: 1.0 in length-width ratio; the interval between the units is 2.0 m; the unit leveling requires that the whole body is properly inclined towards one side of a production management road, the height difference is less than or equal to 40cm, a plough layer is not damaged as far as possible, and the plough layer is properly repaired after leveling. The units are arranged in a non-type or single-side arrangement along the production management road. Each unit is independently provided with 1 water inlet, water outlet and tractor ploughing opening; 1 solar trap lamp is arranged at intervals of 30 meters on the ridges forming the unit boundary;
step four, constructing a fish pond and a fish ditch: digging, transforming and constructing corners, low-lying lands or original low-yield field areas in the units; 1 fishpond and 2 fish ditches are built in each unit. The fish pond is connected with the fish ditch and is in a pistol-shaped layout; the area of the trigger corresponding to the 'pistol' type is set as a fish pond, and the areas of the handle and the 'barrel' are set as fish ditches; the area of the fish pond is 1.5 mu, the depth of the fish pond is 1.5 m, and the shape is preferably rectangular; the fish ditch is 2 meters wide and 0.8-1.2 meters deep, and the total length is less than or equal to 165 meters; the excavated earthwork is used for building ridges and production management roads;
step five, ridge making: the trapezoidal earth ridge forming the boundary of the unit, the fish pond and the fish ditch is divided into a main ridge and an auxiliary ridge. The main ridge is a soil ridge forming the boundary of each unit, and is 2.0 meters wide at the top, 2.8 meters wide at the bottom and 0.8 meter high. The auxiliary ridge is an inner unit earth ridge which forms the boundary of the fishpond and the fish ditch together with the main ridge, the top width is 1.2 meters, the bottom width is 1.8 meters, and the height is 0.6 meter; 1 gate is arranged on each 20 m of the auxiliary ridge, and the gate is 2m wide and 0.8 m high; when the ridge is constructed, earthwork excavated by utilizing the constructed fish pond and the fish ditch is piled, constructed, tamped and flattened, and is required to be solid and durable without collapse and leakage;
step six, a water inlet and drainage system: comprises a water supply pipe and a water drainage channel. The water supply pipes are laid along one side of each unit with higher topography, and the water pipes are made of PVC pipes; the model of a main water supply pipe of the module is DN350, and the model of a water distribution pipe of each unit is DN 200; the drainage channel is an open channel, is constructed close to one side of the production management road, and has the required width of 2.0m and the depth slightly lower than the drainage port of the fish pond; two DN800 cement culvert pipes are buried at the position where the tractor ploughing opening crosses the water channel.
The gate is provided with a fish fence which is made of stainless steel, and the mesh size of the fish fence can be determined according to the size of the breeding object and can be moved and replaced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the modularization of the invention can produce different varieties from different modules, the requirements of auxiliary facilities such as escape prevention, natural enemy prevention and the like are different among the different varieties, and the modules can be installed and arranged in a modularization way;
2. different units in the module can scientifically and reasonably arrange and breed products of different specifications of fleets, and the staggered peak balance of the products is facilitated to be on the market;
3. the modularization of the invention is very convenient for management, especially the arrangement of the fishpond is beneficial to the arrangement of the fishing transportation products, the mechanical tillage port and the movable fence fish gate, so that the rice can be planted mechanically while the fish is cultured in the rice field;
4. the small-improved large-unit paddy field cultivation method has the advantages that the available shallow water cultivation environment of the paddy field is eliminated, each unit has about 2 mu of ideal cultivation water area, and the key point of high yield and high efficiency of paddy field cultivation is.
In conclusion, the invention is formed by carrying out 'small-to-large' unit combination on sporadic scattered fishery-suitable rice fields, constructing aquaculture facilities according to reasonable area proportion and specific technical parameters for each unit, and then taking a plurality of units as a module to carry out overall scientific layout and perfecting the construction of matched facilities; the rice planting area and the aquaculture environment of the system are relatively independent and organically combined, various limitations caused by internal contradictions such as environmental requirements, production period, management modes, technical requirements and the like between rice crops and aquatic animals can be effectively broken through, and the outstanding problems of low fish output, small product specification, few selectable breeding varieties, high labor cost, poor production benefit and the like commonly existing in the traditional rice field fish culture practice are solved, so that the modularization, intensification and sustainable utilization of rice field resources are realized, the production efficiency is improved, the purposes of one water for multiple purposes and one mu for two harvests are achieved, and the transformation upgrading and sustainable development of the traditional agriculture to the ecological, circular, healthy and efficient modern agriculture are promoted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an overall layout diagram of the system modules of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a standard production cell in an idealized state of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a fish pond and a ridge and a sectional view of a fish ditch and a ridge according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a gate, a fish fence and a drainage of a production unit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. All details not described below should be done according to the state of the art. The following are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any similar or equivalent substitution should be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
A modularized intensive rice and fish symbiotic system comprises site selection and requirements of a rice field, system modularized construction, and layout and construction of facilities.
The site selection and the requirement of the rice field comprise the following steps:
step one, the land form of the rice field area is relatively flat and wide, the sunshine time is long, the illumination is sufficient, good illumination conditions can be provided for the growth of the rice fishes, the area of the connected pieces is more than 60 mu, preferably 100 mu-200 mu;
step two, sufficient water source of the rice field, clear water quality, no pollution and convenient irrigation and drainage;
step three, the soil quality of the rice field has strong water-retaining capacity and no leakage; the soil is fertile and alkalescent, and is particularly suitable for rice fields with high curing and high fertility of plough layers, which can be pulped after irrigation and are not hardened after drying.
The system modular construction comprises the following steps:
step one, unit construction: after the rice fields which are adjacent to each other, have similar height difference and different sizes are combined and leveled, the rice fields are combined into 1 field block according to the size of 15-30 mu, and the field block is the 1 basic unit (hereinafter referred to as unit). The main functions of the device are divided into a planting area, a breeding area and an interval channel. Correspondingly, the main facilities of the unit are composed of three parts, namely a paddy field, a fish pond and a fish ditch, and the area ratio is respectively 90%, 7.5% and 2.5%. The area proportion of the fish pond and the fish ditch is strictly controlled within 10 percent. Each unit is a relatively independent rice and fishing symbiotic system, and can carry out comprehensive planting and production of specific varieties of rice and fishing;
step two, supporting facilities: the supporting facilities are necessary facilities meeting the production technology and management requirements. Integrally supporting and constructing according to modules, wherein the integrally supporting and constructing comprises ridges, gates, production management roads, tractor ploughing openings, water inlet pipes, drainage channels, seepage-proofing, escape-proofing, enemy-proofing and other facilities;
step three, module construction: two or more basic units connected to each other and their supporting facilities are constructed as 1 production module. The size of the module can be flexibly constructed according to terrain conditions, production scale and management level, and each unit is 20 mu, preferably comprising 5-10 units and the total area of the rice field is 100-200 mu.
The layout and construction of the facility comprises the following steps:
step one, overall layout: the unit and the supporting facilities of the module are integrally planned and distributed according to the principle of local conditions, convenient management, high efficiency, practicability, beauty and tidiness;
step two, production management road: the method is a main road for production management, and the reservation is firstly determined during module design, and reconstruction and extension are carried out on the basis of the original production management road as far as possible. The required road surface width is 5.0-6.0 meters, the road surface is solid and flat, the bearing capacity is more than 20 tons, and the step three of the agricultural machine and the rice field unitized transformation construction are facilitated: the rice fields which are adjacent to each other, have similar height difference and different sizes are combined to be divided and leveled into standard production units. The unit is divided into 20 mu units, rectangular units and units with the length-width ratio of 1.3: preferably 1.0; the spacing between cells is 2.0 m. The unit leveling requires that the whole body is properly inclined towards one side of a production management road, the height difference is less than or equal to 40cm, a plough layer is not damaged as far as possible, and the plough layer is properly repaired after leveling. The units are arranged in a non-type or single-side arrangement along the production management road. Each unit is independently provided with 1 water inlet, water outlet and tractor ploughing opening; 1 solar trap lamp is arranged at intervals of 30 meters on the ridges forming the unit boundary;
step four, constructing a fish pond and a fish ditch: the inside of the unit is fully constructed by digging and transforming corners, low-lying lands or original low-yield field areas. 1 fishpond and 2 fish ditches are built in each unit. The fish pond is connected with the fish ditch and is in a 'pistol' type layout. The "trigger" area corresponding to the "pistol" type is set as the fish pond and the "handle" and "barrel" areas are set as the fish gutter. The area of the fish pond is 1.5 mu, the depth of the fish pond is 1.5 m, and the shape is preferably rectangular; the width of the fish ditch is 2 meters, the depth is 0.8-1.2 meters, and the total length is less than or equal to 165 meters. The excavated earthwork is used for building ridges and production management roads;
step five, ridge making: the trapezoidal earth ridge forming the boundary of the unit, the fish pond and the fish ditch is divided into a main ridge and an auxiliary ridge. The main ridge is a soil ridge forming the boundary of each unit, and is 2.0 meters wide at the top, 2.8 meters wide at the bottom and 0.8 meter high. The auxiliary ridge is an inner unit earth ridge which forms the boundary of the fishpond and the fish ditch together with the main ridge, the top width is 1.2 meters, the bottom width is 1.8 meters, and the height is 0.6 meter; the auxiliary ridges are provided with 1 gate per 20 meters, and the gates are 2 meters wide and 0.8 meter high. When the ridge is constructed, earthwork excavated by utilizing the constructed fish pond and the fish ditch is piled, constructed, tamped and flattened, and is required to be solid and durable without collapse and leakage;
step six, a water inlet and drainage system: comprises a water supply pipe and a water drainage channel. The water supply pipes are laid along one side of each unit with higher topography, and the water pipes are made of PVC pipes; the model of a main water supply pipe of the module is DN350, and the model of a shunt pipe of each unit is DN 200. The drainage channel is an open channel, is constructed close to one side of the production management road, and has the required width of 2m and the depth slightly lower than the drainage port of the fishpond; two DN800 cement culvert pipes are buried at the position where the tractor ploughing opening crosses the water channel.
The gate is provided with a fish fence which is made of stainless steel, and the mesh size of the fish fence can be determined according to the size of the breeding object and can be moved and replaced.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A modularized intensive rice and fish symbiotic system is characterized by comprising site selection and requirements of a rice field, layout and construction of facilities and system modularized construction.
2. The modular intensive rice and fish symbiotic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the location and requirement of the rice field comprises the following steps:
step one, the land form of the rice field area is relatively flat and wide, the sunshine time is long, the illumination is sufficient, good illumination conditions can be provided for the growth of the rice fishes, the area of the connected pieces is more than 60 mu, preferably 100 mu-200 mu;
step two, sufficient water source of the rice field, clear water quality, no pollution and convenient irrigation and drainage;
step three, the soil quality of the rice field has strong water-retaining capacity and no leakage; the soil is fertile and alkalescent, and is particularly suitable for rice fields with high curing and high fertility of plough layers, which can be pulped after irrigation and are not hardened after drying.
3. A modular intensive rice and fish symbiosis system according to claim 1, wherein the layout and construction of the facilities comprises the following steps:
step one, overall layout: the unit and the supporting facilities of the module are integrally planned and distributed according to the principle of local conditions, convenient management, high efficiency, practicability, beauty and tidiness;
step two, production management road: the road surface width is required to be 5.0-6.0 m, the road surface is solid and flat, the bearing capacity is more than 20 tons, and the agricultural machinery and the production and transportation vehicle can conveniently pass in and out of the production module to reach each production unit;
step three, rice field unit transformation construction: the rice fields which are adjacent to each other, have similar height difference and different sizes are combined to be divided and leveled into standard production units. The unit partition is preferably 20 mu in area, rectangular and 1.3: 1.0 in length-width ratio; the interval between the units is 2.0 m; the unit leveling requires that the whole body is properly inclined towards one side of a production management road, the height difference is less than or equal to 40cm, a plough layer is not damaged as much as possible, and the plough layer is properly repaired after leveling; each unit is in a non-type or unilateral arrangement layout along the production management road; each unit is independently provided with 1 water inlet, water outlet and tractor ploughing opening; 1 solar trap lamp is arranged at intervals of 30 meters on the ridges forming the unit boundary;
step four, constructing a fish pond and a fish ditch: the inside of the unit is fully constructed by digging and transforming corners, low-lying lands or original low-yield field areas. 1 fishpond and 2 fish ditches are built in each unit. The fish pond is connected with the fish ditch and is in a pistol-shaped layout; the area of the trigger corresponding to the 'pistol' type is set as a fish pond, and the areas of the handle and the 'barrel' are set as fish ditches; the area of the fish pond is 1.5 mu, the depth of the fish pond is 1.5 m, and the shape is preferably rectangular; the fish ditch is 2 meters wide and 0.8-1.2 meters deep, and the total length is less than or equal to 165 meters;
dividing the field ridge into a main ridge and an auxiliary ridge; the top width of the main ridge is 2.0 meters, the bottom width is 2.8 meters, and the height is 0.8 meter; the top width of the auxiliary ridge is 1.2 meters, the bottom width is 1.8 meters, and the height is 0.6 meter; each 20 m of the auxiliary ridges is provided with 1 gate, and the gate is 2.0m wide and 0.8 m high;
step six, a water inlet and drainage system: comprises a water supply pipe and a drainage channel; the water supply pipes are laid along one side of each unit with higher topography, and the water pipes are made of PVC pipes; the model of a main water supply pipe of the module is DN350, and the model of a water distribution pipe of each unit is DN 200; the width of the drainage channel is required to be 2.0m, and the depth is slightly lower than the drainage port of the fish pond; two DN800 cement culvert pipes are buried at the position where the tractor ploughing opening crosses the water channel.
4. The modular intensive rice and fish symbiosis system according to claim 1, wherein the modular construction of the system comprises the following steps:
step one, unit construction: after the rice fields which are adjacent to each other, have similar height difference and different sizes are combined and leveled, the rice fields are combined into 1 field block according to the size of 15-30 mu, namely 1 unit;
step two, supporting facilities: according to the whole supporting construction of module, including ridge, sluice gate, production management road, tractor-ploughing mouth, inlet tube, drainage canal and facilities such as prevention of seepage, prevention of escape, prevention of enemy:
step three, module construction: two or more basic units connected to each other and their supporting facilities are constructed as 1 production module.
5. The modular intensive rice and fish symbiotic system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the gate is provided with a fish fence made of stainless steel, the mesh size of the fish fence can be determined according to the size of the breeding objects, and the fish fence can be moved and replaced.
6. The modular intensive rice and fish symbiotic system according to claim 4, wherein the unit is divided into a planting area, a breeding area and an inter-area channel according to main functions; correspondingly, the main facilities of the unit consist of three parts, namely a rice field, a fish pond and a fish ditch, and the area percentage is respectively 90%, 7.5% and 2.5%; the area proportion of the fish pond and the fish ditch is strictly controlled within 10 percent.
7. The modular intensive rice and fish symbiotic system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the size of the modules can be flexibly constructed according to terrain conditions, production scale and management level, and preferably 20 mu per unit, 5-10 units and 100-200 mu of total rice field area.
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Application publication date: 20201110 |