CN107211715A - A kind of ecological farm field system and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological farmland system and a construction method. The ecological farmland system includes a field system, an irrigation system and a drainage system, and the field system is respectively connected with the irrigation system and the drainage system; The recycling of irrigation can effectively reduce the water demand for irrigation and breeding, and improve the efficiency of farmland water use; farming ditches and irrigation and drainage ponds store rainwater, delay the confluence of rainstorms, and reduce flood disasters. At the same time, animals and plants are interdependent, reducing pesticides and fertilizers use to reduce pollution.

Description

An ecological farmland system and construction method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecology, and relates to an ecological farmland system and a construction method.

Background technique

At present, my country's farmland mainly adopts a single agricultural planting technology, especially in the southern rainy areas, mainly adopts early rice and late rice rotation, middle rice and rapeseed rotation and other modes, and its basic characteristics are weak ecological adaptability, single product structure, and low economic benefits. , can not effectively improve the comprehensive production capacity of rice fields. With the advancement of agricultural technology, more and more places are promoting the use of rice farming and aquatic product farming. Farm farming refers to using the shallow water environment of paddy fields supplemented by artificial measures to grow rice and raise aquatic products such as fish, shrimp, and crabs. A form of production to improve the efficiency of rice field production. Farmland breeding enables plants and animals to co-exist for mutual benefit, forming a new ecosystem, giving full play to the productivity of farmland, achieving the purpose of improving economic benefits, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and reducing non-point source pollution. But present farmland cultivation is mostly the technological method of the processes such as the different aquatic products of farmland cultivation such as shrimp, crab, fish. At present, the traditional farmland has poor sustainable development ability and single function. The irrigation and drainage function design is only for the growth needs of crops, and cannot meet the requirements of farmland breeding.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the current problems, the present invention provides a new ecological farmland system, which can meet the needs of crop growth and aquatic product cultivation at the same time, and also makes plants and animals form different types of biological structures in the farmland, and integrates the ecological system The function is brought into full play, so that the farmland has a good self-purification function and self-regulation ability.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A kind of ecological farmland system, described ecological farmland system comprises field system, irrigation system and drainage system, and described field system is communicated with irrigation system and drainage system respectively; An agricultural system, the irrigation system includes an irrigation control system, a water pretreatment system and an irrigation pool connected in sequence; the irrigation control system and the irrigation pool are arranged outside the farmland, and the water pretreatment system is arranged at the water inlet of the irrigation pool, The drainage system includes a drainage control system and a drainage pool. The drainage control system includes a drainage gate and a water pump. The drainage gate is arranged at the connection between the field system and the drainage system. The pipeline is connected with the water pretreatment system again, and the water used for draining the pool returns to the water pretreatment system to realize water recycling.

Wherein, the breeding system includes a breeding ditch, a breeding pond and a screen, the breeding ditch and the breeding pond are connected, and the screen is arranged around the farmland to prevent the cultured organisms from escaping.

The breeding ditch is laid out in the whole field, and the plane layout is in the form of "field" or "mouth".

According to the survival needs of fish, shrimp, crab, etc., the depth of the breeding ditch can be set to 0.30-1.20cm, and the cross-section can be trapezoidal, U-shaped or rectangular.

The culture pond can be set up according to the needs, generally the area is 1-5m ² , and the depth is the same as the depth of the culture ditch.

The irrigation control system includes an irrigation control gate, an irrigation water pump, a water quality sensor and a water level sensor. The irrigation control gate is set at the water inlet where the irrigation pool communicates with the field system, and the irrigation water pump, the water quality sensor and the water level sensor are all set at the irrigation pool. middle.

And the irrigation pond of the present invention is mainly used for storing irrigation and aquaculture water, and its volume V _{irrigation total} =E+V _cultivation , wherein V _{irrigation total} is the volume of the irrigation pond, E is the crop irrigation quota, and V _cultivation is the primary water demand during cultivation. Irrigation control systems are used to monitor and control the quantity, level and quality of water entering a farm field. The water pretreatment system mainly performs pretreatment such as sedimentation, filtration and adsorption on the transported or collected externally diverted water, so that the water quality meets the requirements for aquaculture and irrigation. layer) and aquatic plants.

The net is made of degradable plastic, straw or artificial fiber; or the net is formed by planting dense crops, and the height of the net can be set at 0.30-1.0m.

The drainage pool is mainly used to store the water discharged from the farmland, and at the same time control the water level of the farmland. When there is a shortage of water, the water in the drainage pool can also be introduced into the irrigation pool for recycling. The volume of the drainage pool V _{is total} = V _rainstorm + V Water change, where V _rainstorm is the amount of _water discharged during heavy rain, and V _{water change} is the amount of water changed once during breeding.

The present invention also provides a method for constructing the above-mentioned ecological farmland system, which specifically includes the following steps:

(1) First, select the field according to the needs, determine the location and type of the field breeding ditches and ponds according to the breeding needs, and determine the volume of the irrigation pool and the drainage pool according to the location of the external water source, the topography, the type of crops, and the types of farmed animals. , the layout of the water inlet and outlet and the layout of the water pretreatment system;

(2) Carry out construction according to the design of step (1), build irrigation pool, drainage pond, breeding ditch, breeding pond, install water pretreatment system, irrigation control system and drainage control system, construct the ecological farmland that is used for breeding use;

(3) In the process of breeding aquatic animals in the farmland, when irrigation or breeding water is required, the water source is transferred outside and purified through the water pretreatment system. When the pH value of the water reaches the standard, the water is introduced into the field through the irrigation water pump and the irrigation control gate; During heavy rain, farmland water receding or water change, the water is discharged into the drainage pool through the drainage control system, and the water level of the farmland is controlled at the same time;

(4) The water in the drainage pool is returned to the water pretreatment system to realize water recycling.

The inventive method has the following advantages:

1. Through the construction of the irrigation system and drainage system of the ecological farmland system, the reliability of the water source, water quality and drainage of farmland breeding has been greatly improved, which is conducive to the realization of the comprehensive economic benefits of farmland management. The use of irrigation control system and drainage control system makes ecological farmland breeding more precise and detailed, which can effectively reduce labor and uncertain costs.

2. Through the recycling of drainage-water pretreatment-irrigation, the water demand for irrigation and breeding can be effectively reduced, and the water use efficiency of farmland can be improved; the breeding ditches and irrigation and drainage ponds can store rainwater, delay the confluence of rainstorms, and reduce flood disasters, while animals - Plants are interdependent, reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and can reduce pollution.

3. Through the construction of farmland ecosystems, the mutual benefit and symbiosis of plants and animals is conducive to the construction of stable biological communities and the maintenance of ecological balance.

4. The present invention uses environment-friendly and energy-saving materials. Compared with the use of traditional engineering materials such as concrete and gravel, it can effectively reduce secondary pollution, and is simple in construction and convenient in maintenance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of breeding ditch;

In the figure: 1-field system; 11-culture ditch; 12-culture pond; 13-blocking net; 14-crops; 2-irrigation system; 21-irrigation pool; 22-filter layer; 23-aquatic plants; 24-irrigation control Gate; 25-irrigation pump; 26-water quality sensor; 27-water level sensor; 3-drainage system; 31-drainage pool; 32-drainage gate; 33-pump.

detailed description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. These embodiments are provided for a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

"Includes" or "comprises" mentioned throughout the specification and claims is an open term, so it should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". The subsequent description in the specification is a preferred implementation mode for implementing the present invention, but the description is for the purpose of the general principles of the specification, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Example 1

A kind of ecological farmland system, as shown in Figure 1, described ecological farmland system comprises field system 1, irrigation system 2 and drainage system 3, and described field system 1 communicates with irrigation system 2 and drainage system 3 respectively; Described field system 1 includes a breeding system and a farming system, and a farming system is set around the farming system, and the irrigation system 2 includes an irrigation control system, a water pretreatment system, and an irrigation pool connected in sequence; the irrigation control system and the irrigation pool are arranged outside the farmland, so The water pretreatment system is arranged at the water inlet of the irrigation pond, the drainage system includes a drainage control system and a drainage pool 31, the drainage control system includes a drainage gate 32 and a water pump 33, and the drainage gate 32 is located in the field system At the junction with the drainage system, the water pump 33 is arranged in the drainage tank 31, and the drainage tank is connected with the water pretreatment system through a pipeline, and the water used for the drainage tank returns to the water pretreatment system to realize water recycling.

Wherein, the culture system includes a culture ditch 11, a culture pond 12 and a block 13, the culture ditch 11 and the culture pond 12 are connected, and the block 13 is arranged around the crops 14 to prevent the cultured organisms from escaping.

The breeding ditch 11 is laid out in the whole field, and the plane layout is in the form of "field".

According to the survival needs of fish, shrimp, crab, etc., the depth of the breeding ditch is set to 0.80 cm, and the cross section is trapezoidal, as shown in Figure 2.

The area of each culture pond is 2m ² , and the depth is the same as the depth of the culture ditch.

Described irrigation control system comprises irrigation control gate 24, irrigation water pump 25, water quality sensor 26 and water level sensor 27, and described irrigation control gate is located at the water inlet that irrigation pool communicates with field system, irrigation water pump 25, water quality sensor 26 and water level Sensors 27 are all located in the irrigation pond.

The above-mentioned irrigation pool is mainly used to store water for irrigation and aquaculture, and its volume V _{irrigation total} = E + V _cultivation , wherein V _{irrigation total} is the volume of the irrigation pool, E is the crop irrigation quota, and V _aquaculture is the primary water demand for aquaculture. Irrigation control systems are used to monitor and control the quantity, level and quality of water entering a farm field. The water pretreatment system mainly performs pretreatment such as sedimentation, filtration and adsorption on the transported or collected externally diverted water, so that the water quality meets the requirements for breeding and irrigation. Composed of aquatic plants 23, the farming system mainly grows crops 14, such as rice, and specifically, rice varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases and lodging can be selected.

Wherein, the blocking net 13 selects a net made of degradable plastic; the blocking net height is set to 0.80m.

The drainage pond of the present invention is mainly used to store the water discharged from the farmland, and at the same time control the water level of the farmland. When water is scarce, the water in the drainage pond can also be introduced into the irrigation pool for recycling. The volume V of the drainage pond is _total = _Vrainwater + V _{water change} , where V _rainwater is the runoff generated in the ecological farmland range under the local 24-hour maximum rainfall condition, and V _{water change} is the water change amount during aquaculture.

Example 2

A kind of ecological farmland system, as shown in Figure 1, described ecological farmland system comprises field system 1, irrigation system 2 and drainage system 3, and described field system 1 communicates with irrigation system 2 and drainage system 3 respectively; Described field system 1 includes a breeding system and a farming system, and a farming system is set around the farming system, and the irrigation system 2 includes an irrigation control system, a water pretreatment system, and an irrigation pool connected in sequence; the irrigation control system and the irrigation pool are arranged outside the farmland, so The water pretreatment system is arranged at the water inlet of the irrigation pond, the drainage system includes a drainage control system and a drainage pool 31, the drainage control system includes a drainage gate 32 and a water pump 33, and the drainage gate 32 is located in the field system At the junction with the drainage system, the water pump 33 is arranged in the drainage tank 31, and the drainage tank is connected with the water pretreatment system through a pipeline, and the water used for the drainage tank returns to the water pretreatment system to realize water recycling.

Wherein, the breeding system includes a breeding ditch 11, a breeding pond 12 and a block 13, the breeding ditch 11 and the breeding pond 12 are connected, and the blocking 13 is arranged around the farmland to prevent the cultured organisms from escaping.

The breeding ditch 11 is arranged in the whole field, and the plane layout is in the form of "mouth".

According to the survival needs of fish, shrimp, crab, etc., the depth of the breeding ditch is set to 1.20cm, and the cross section adopts U shape. The area of each culture pond is 5m ² , and the depth is the same as the depth of the culture ditch.

Described irrigation control system comprises irrigation control gate 24, irrigation water pump 25, water quality sensor 26 and water level sensor 27, and described irrigation control gate is located at the water inlet that irrigation pool communicates with field system, irrigation water pump 25, water quality sensor 26 and water level Sensors 27 are all located in the irrigation pond.

The water pretreatment system is set at the water inlet of the irrigation pool and consists of a filter layer 22 and aquatic plants 23. The farming system mainly grows crops 14, such as rice, and specifically, rice varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases and lodging can be selected.

Wherein, the block 13 forms a block by planting intensive crops (such as rice etc.).

Example 3

A method for constructing an ecological farmland system, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) First, select the field according to the needs, determine the location and type of the field breeding ditches and ponds according to the breeding needs, and determine the volume of the irrigation pool and the drainage pool according to the location of the external water source, the topography, the type of crops, and the types of farmed animals. , the layout of the water inlet and outlet and the layout of the water pretreatment system;

(2) Carry out construction according to the design of step (1), build irrigation pool, drainage pond, breeding ditch, breeding pond, install water pretreatment system, irrigation control system and drainage control system, construct the ecological farmland that is used for breeding use;

(3) In the process of breeding aquatic animals in the farmland, when irrigation or breeding water is required, the water source is transferred outside and purified through the water pretreatment system. When the pH value of the water reaches the standard, the water is introduced into the field through the irrigation water pump and the irrigation control gate; During heavy rain, farmland water receding or water change, the water is discharged into the drainage pool through the drainage control system, and the water level of the farmland is controlled at the same time;

(4) The water in the drainage pool is returned to the water pretreatment system to realize water recycling.

Specifically, if crabs are raised in rice fields in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, a field with an area of 8 mu (90×60m in length and width) is selected, and a "field"-shaped breeding ditch is excavated in the field. The width of the breeding ditch is 120cm. , the ditch depth is 80cm; set up 6 breeding ponds with a depth of 80cm and an area of 5m ² ; plant soybeans and other crops on the side of the field ridge, and set up a 50cm-high block when the crop growth height is lower than 50cm, and remove it when the crop height is 50m block.

A gate is set on one side of the field to communicate with the irrigation system. The volume V of _{the irrigation} pool is about 2000m ³ , the depth of the irrigation pool is 1.5m, and the area is 30×40m. Sand and gravel filter materials of different particle sizes are set at the water inlet of the irrigation pool. The layer is 80cm, and a 1-2m wide aquatic plant purification zone is planted outside the filter material layer. The aquatic plants are mainly local crops, such as reeds, calamus, and water onions. Install and arrange irrigation water pumps, water quality sensors, and water level sensors in the irrigation pool.

Drainage ponds are arranged on the opposite side of the fields and irrigation pools, and are connected to the fields through drainage gates. Based on the 24-hour maximum rainfall and water exchange for breeding, the volume of the drainage pool is 2000m ³ , which is the same size as the irrigation pool, and a pump is arranged in the drainage pool. Drainage ponds use pipes to channel water into the irrigation system, recirculating it and reducing water demand.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific examples above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of ecological farm field system, the ecological farm field system includes field system, irrigation system and drainage system, its feature It is, the field system is connected with irrigation system and drainage system respectively；The field system includes cultivating system and farming Farming system is set around system, cultivating system, and the irrigation system includes irrigation control system, the water pretreatment being sequentially connected System and irrigation pond；Irrigation control system and irrigation pond are located at outside farmland, and the water pretreatment system is arranged on irrigation The water inlet in pond, the drainage system includes drainage control system and blowoff basin, and the drainage control system includes draining Gate and suction pump, the emptying gate are located at the junction of field system and drainage system, and suction pump is located in blowoff basin, row Pond is connected with water pretreatment system again by pipeline, and the water for blowoff basin returns again to water pretreatment system and realizes water circulation profit With.

2. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivating system includes cultivation ditch, cultivation The pool and block, the cultivation ditch are connected with culture pond, and block is arranged on farmland surrounding, for preventing the biology of cultivation from escaping.

3. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation ditch is laid in whole field, Horizontal layout is " field " or " mouth " form.

4. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation trench depth is 0.30-1.20cm, Section is trapezoidal, U-shaped or rectangle.

5. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture pond area is 1-5m², depth with The depth for cultivating ditch is identical.

6. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the irrigation control system includes irrigation control Gate, irrigation pump, water quality sensor and level sensor, the irrigation control gate are located at irrigation pond and connected with field system Logical water inlet, irrigation pump, water quality sensor and level sensor are each provided in irrigation pond.

7. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water pretreatment system is by filter layer and water Plant constitutes.

8. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the block selects degradation plastic, stalk Or the net that staple fibre is made；Or block is formed by planting intensive crop, and height of blocking is 0.30-1.0m.

9. ecological farm field system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the volume V of the blowoff basin_{Row is total}=V_{Heavy rain}+ V_{Change water}, wherein V_{Heavy rain}The water being discharged into when being heavy rain, V_{Change water}Quantity of exchanged water when being cultivation.

10. the construction method of the ecological farm field system according to any one of claim 1~9, it is characterised in that the structure Method comprises the following steps：

(1) field is selected first, is built up irrigation pond, blowoff basin, cultivation ditch, culture pond, is installed water pretreatment system, irrigation Control system and drainage control system, build stand-by for the ecological farm field of cultivation；

(2) during the Aquatic farming animals of farmland, it is necessary to irrigate or cultivate change water when, investigation mission outside the city or town water source simultaneously passes through water pretreatment system System is purified, and field is introduced the water into by irrigation pump and irrigation control gate when the pH value index of water is up to standard；In heavy rain, agriculture Water by drainage control system is discharged into blowoff basin when changing water by field water-break, while controlling the water level in farmland；

(3) water of blowoff basin returns again to water pretreatment system and realizes water circulation use.