CN111900546A - Hybrid-mechanism electromagnetic super-surface for wide-band wide-angle RCS reduction - Google Patents
Hybrid-mechanism electromagnetic super-surface for wide-band wide-angle RCS reduction Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid mechanism electromagnetic super-surface for reducing wide-band wide-angle RCS (radar cross section), which mainly solves the problems of narrow reduction band width and poor angle stability of RCS in the prior art. The super-surface-structured dielectric slab comprises two layers of dielectric slabs (2,3) which are attached to each other from top to bottom, wherein the upper surface of the lower layer of dielectric slab is provided with a super-surface-structured layer (1), and the lower surface of the lower layer of dielectric slab is provided with a metal reflecting plate (4). The super-surface structure layer is formed by 2 multiplied by 2 hybrid mechanism super-surface modules rotating clockwise along the structure center, and each super-surface module is formed by 4 multiplied by 4 hybrid mechanism super-surface units. Each mixed mechanism super-surface unit consists of three groups of L-shaped metal patches with different lengths, two groups of metalized through holes and two groups of lumped resistors welded on the super-surface unit, and the super-surface unit and the metal reflecting plate are connected into a whole through the metalized through holes. The method widens the reduction bandwidth of the RCS, improves the angle stability of the super surface, and can be used for reducing the RCS of the scattering section of the broadband wide-angle radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic super-surface structure designed based on a hybrid mechanism, which can be used for reducing a wide-band wide-angle radar scattering cross section RCS.
Background
With the rapid development of radio technology and radar detection technology, stealth characteristics have become an important index for measuring the quality of target performance, and an important index for measuring the detectability of targets is the radar scattering cross section RCS. The traditional RCS reduction technology mainly realizes RCS reduction by changing the shape of a target and coating radar wave-absorbing materials. But because of the restriction of other realistic factors, RCS reduction of a broadband can not be realized through a single appearance design, in addition, the weight and the thickness of a target can be increased through coating and absorption of a radar wave-absorbing material, the coating material is expensive, and the later maintenance cost is high. In view of the numerous drawbacks of conventional RCS reduction approaches, researchers have begun to explore more cost effective approaches to achieve targeted RCS reduction.
The artificial electromagnetic material is formed by periodically arranging artificial electromagnetic structures with sub-wavelengths, is an artificial composite material with a strong regulation and control function on electromagnetic waves, and belongs to a special form of the artificial electromagnetic material. The band-width microstrip antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and wide bandwidth, so the band-width microstrip antenna has important application value and development prospect in various fields such as antenna technology, microwave and terahertz devices, optoelectronic devices and the like. Compared with the traditional RCS reduction method, the surface is an ultrathin two-dimensional array surface constructed by periodically arranging artificial electromagnetic material structural units, has the advantages of thickness far smaller than the working wavelength and low loss, and is easier to integrate with the traditional device.
In 2008, the feasibility of the electromagnetic metamaterial for reducing the RCS is proved by the metamaterial wave absorber with perfect single-frequency point absorption invented by Pendry et al, and research personnel are motivated to reduce the RCS by utilizing the electromagnetic super surface to carry out broadband and large-angle incidence.
In 2019, Tao Hong et al published a paper entitled RCS Reduction and Gain Enhancement for the circular polarized Array by Polarization Conversion measuring method Coating in the journal of IEEE extensions and Wireless processing Letters, which proposed a polarized Conversion electromagnetic super-surface consisting of two-arrow polarized Conversion units. In the text, the strip-type polarization conversion surface units are arranged in a checkerboard shape, and simulation results show that: the radar cross section has RCS reducing effect larger than 4.8dB in a frequency band range of 10.5-35.1GHz, but the polarized conversion electromagnetic super-surface only has RCS reducing effect larger than 10dB in three frequency bands of 10.90-13.10GHz, 15.70-19.00GHz and 27.50-33.00GHz, and the RCS reducing effect in frequency bands of 10.5-10.9GHz, 13.1-15.7GHz and 19-27.5GHz is smaller than 10dB, so that the RCS reducing effect of wide band and wide angle cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a novel broadband RCS (radar cross section) reduction electromagnetic super surface with a mixed mechanism, and simultaneously controls the amplitude and polarization mode of electromagnetic waves, so as to solve the problems that the polarized conversion super surface (PCM) is sensitive to an incident angle and the wide absorption bandwidth and the low profile height of a wave absorber cannot be considered in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the mixed mechanism electromagnetic super surface for reducing the wide-band wide-angle RCS comprises a super surface structure layer, an upper dielectric plate, a lower dielectric plate and a metal reflecting plate, wherein the super surface structure layer and the metal reflecting plate are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, and the mixed mechanism electromagnetic super surface is characterized in that:
the super-surface structure layer is formed by 2 x 2 hybrid mechanism super-surface modules rotating clockwise along the center of the structure, each super-surface module is formed by 4 x 4 hybrid mechanism super-surface units, each hybrid mechanism super-surface unit comprises three groups of L-shaped metal patches with different lengths, two groups of metalized through holes and two groups of lumped resistors, the three groups of L-shaped metal patches with different lengths are arranged in a nested manner, and the two groups of lumped resistors are welded on the L-shaped metal patches on the outermost side; each super-surface unit is connected with the metal reflecting plate through the metalized through hole on the super-surface unit; the two groups of metalized through holes and the two groups of lumped resistors are symmetrically distributed along the diagonal line of the super-surface unit.
Furthermore, the diameter D of the two groups of metalized through holes is 0.2 mm-0.6 mm.
Further, the three groups of L-shaped metal patches are nested from inside to outside according to the lengths of the patches, wherein the length L of the outermost patch is larger than that of the outermost patch14.55 mm-4.95 mm, width W10.4 mm-0.6 mm; length L of the middle patch21.65 mm-2.05 mm, width W20.4 mm-0.6 mm; length L of innermost patch30.2 mm-0.4 mm, width W30.2 mm-0.4 mm, and the distance G between every two adjacent L-shaped patches1Is 0.2 mm.
Further, the two sets of lumped resistors are 0402 in package type, and the resistance value R of each resistor is 50 Ω -100 Ω.
Furthermore, the thickness H of the upper dielectric plate is the same as that of the lower dielectric plate, and the value range of the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate is 1.8 mm-2.2 mm.
Furthermore, the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate are made of the same material and have the same dielectric constantrThe value range of the dielectric material is 2.4-2.8, and the value range of the dielectric loss tangent tan is 0.0005-0.0015.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the wave-absorbing characteristic structure is added on the super-surface structure layer, namely two groups of lumped resistance elements with constant resistance values are added, and the two groups of lumped resistances, three groups of L-shaped metal patches with different lengths and two groups of metalized through holes jointly form the super-surface unit, so that the mixed mechanism structure design combining the polarization conversion principle and the wave-absorbing principle is realized.
2. Because the lengths of the three groups of L-shaped metal patches are different, linear polarized waves can be effectively converted into cross polarized waves at different frequency points, and the broadband work of the unit is realized;
3. according to the invention, the super-surface structure layer is communicated with the metal reflecting plate through the two groups of metalized through holes, and a surface current path is extended, so that a resonance point is introduced in a low-frequency area, and the working bandwidth of the unit is expanded;
4. the lumped resistor is added on the surface of the unit to introduce ohmic loss, so that the resonance current generated by the electromagnetic wave can be converted into internal energy through the resistor according to the ohm law, and the absorption of the electromagnetic wave is realized;
5. the super-surface unit realizes the stable working characteristics of broadband and wide angle under the low profile state by combining the wave-absorbing structure and the polarization conversion structure, and the reflected electromagnetic waves are redirected to other directions by arranging the super-surface unit in a checkerboard manner so that the super-surface can realize the RCS reduction effect of more than 10dB in the frequency band of 8.7-32.5GHz, namely 115.5% of the relative bandwidth, under the irradiation of the electromagnetic waves with the incident angle of less than 45 degrees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout of all cells of a hybrid-mechanism electromagnetic super-surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of each element of the hybrid mechanism electromagnetic super surface of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a reflection coefficient simulation result of a hybrid mechanism electromagnetic super-surface unit in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the simulation results of absorption conversion rate, wave absorption rate and conversion rate of the mixed mechanism electromagnetic super-surface unit;
FIG. 6 comparison of polarization conversion and conversion for a hybrid mechanism electromagnetic super-surface element of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of reflection phase and phase difference for a hybrid mechanism electromagnetic super-surface element and its element rotated 90 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of RCS reduction simulation results of the present invention under TE, TM polarized incident waves of different angles;
FIG. 9 shows three-dimensional scattering patterns for different frequencies under TE and TM polarized incident waves.
Detailed Description
The following further describes specific embodiments and effects of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid mechanism RCS reduced electromagnetic super surface of the present example includes a super surface structure layer 1, an upper dielectric plate 2, a lower dielectric substrate 3, and a metal reflection plate 4, where the super surface structure layer 1 is printed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate, the metal reflection plate 4 is printed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate, the upper and lower dielectric plates are stacked, and there is no air layer in the middle of the dielectric plates. The super-surface structure layer 1 is connected with the metal reflecting plate 4 to form an electromagnetic super-surface whole body with the size of 48mm multiplied by 2 mm.
Referring to fig. 2, the super-surface structure layer 1 is formed by 2 × 2 hybrid mechanism super-surface modules 11 rotating clockwise along the structure center, and each super-surface module 11 is formed by 4 × 4 hybrid mechanism super-surface units 111.
Referring to fig. 3, the hybrid mechanism super-surface unit 111 includes three sets of L-shaped metal patches with different lengths, two sets of lumped resistors 1115, and two sets of metalized through holes 1114, where the three sets of L-shaped metal patches are nested, a first set of L-shaped metal patches 1111 is located on the outermost side of the super-surface unit, a second set of L-shaped metal patches 1112 is located on the middle side of the super-surface unit, and a third set of L-shaped metal patches 1113 is located on the innermost side of the super-surface unit. Two groups of lumped resistors 1115 are welded on the outermost L-shaped metal patch 1111; each super surface unit is connected with the metal reflecting plate 4 through the metalized through hole 1114 on the super surface unit; the two sets of metalized vias 1114 and the two sets of lumped resistors 1115 are both symmetrically distributed along the diagonal of the super surface unit 111.
The parameters of the mixing mechanism super-surface unit are as follows:
outermost L-shaped metal patch 1111 length L14.55 mm-4.95 mm, width W10.4mm to 0.6mm, and L is used in this example without limitation1＝4.75mm，W1The distance G from the L-shaped metal patch 1111 at the outermost side to the edge of the lower dielectric plate 3 is 0.9 mm;
middle L-shaped metal patch 1112 length L21.65 mm-2.05 mm, width W20.4mm to 0.6mm, and L is used in this example without limitation2＝1.85mm，W2＝0.5mm；
Length L of innermost L-shaped metal patch 111330.2 mm-0.4 mm, width W30.2mm to 0.4mm, and L is used in this example but not limited thereto3＝1.15mm，W30.3mm, the distance G between adjacent L-shaped patches1Is 0.2 mm;
the package type of the lumped resistor is 0402, the resistance value R of each resistor is 50 Ω -100 Ω, and the example adopts but is not limited to that R is 68 Ω;
the diameter D of the metallized through hole 1114 is 0.2mm to 0.6mm, and D is 0.4mm in the present example but not limited thereto.
The working principle of this example is as follows:
the mixed mechanism super surface can be used as a floor and an antenna to be combined and designed, the whole antenna is subjected to broadband wide-angle RCS reduction, and the super surface can be combined on the surfaces of important targets such as ships and aircrafts, so that the radar section of the target is reduced, and the difficulty of target detection is improved.
In the mixed mechanism super-surface unit, the three groups of nested L-shaped metal patches can convert incident electromagnetic waves into cross polarized waves by using a polarization conversion principle, and the metal patches with different lengths are used for introducing multiple resonance points, so that the working bandwidth of a polarization conversion effect is widened; the addition of the metal through hole extends a current path, realizes the introduction of a resonance point at a low frequency position, and further widens the working bandwidth of the unit; and the lumped resistor is loaded on the surface of the L-shaped patch, and ohmic loss is introduced to realize heat loss of the electromagnetic wave. The super-surface unit structure is designed by mixing a wave-absorbing principle and a polarization conversion principle, and realizes the good absorption characteristic of the whole super-surface unit to electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band.
The hybrid mechanism super surface in the embodiment is formed by clockwise rotation of the electromagnetic super surface modules along the center axis of the super surface, adjacent modules reflect phase inversion in a wide frequency band, and scattered beams are redirected to four corner directions according to the phase cancellation principle, so that the purpose of reducing RCS is achieved.
The specific principle of the design of the hybrid mechanism of the electromagnetic super-surface in the example is as follows:
the mixing mechanism of the super surface is mainly divided into two parts of a wave absorbing principle and a polarization conversion principle for analysis.
According to the wave absorption principle analysis, the absorptivity of the super-surface unit can be expressed as:
herein, the
And
the reflection coefficient and the transmission coefficient of the main polarization and the cross polarization respectively, for a super-surface unit comprising a metal floor, the electromagnetic wave is totally reflected, the transmission coefficients of the two polarizations are both approximately 0, and the absorptivity Absorption is defined as:
considering both the absorbed and the converted reflected electromagnetic wave, the absorption conversion ACR of the unit is defined as:
according to the polarization Conversion principle, the Conversion ratio Conversion is defined as the ratio of polarized Conversion of an incident wave into a cross-polarized wave, and is expressed as:
when formula (4) is substituted for formula (2), the absorption conversion ACR at that time can be expressed as
ACR＝Absorption+Conversion (5)
According to the formula (5), the absorption conversion rate of the super-surface unit in the embodiment is composed of two parts, one part is from the wave absorption effect of the wave absorption principle, and the other part is from the conversion effect of the polarization conversion principle, which shows that the unit realizes the mixing of the two principles.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation software: commercial simulation software HFSS — 15.0.
2. Simulation content and results:
simulation 1, the reflection coefficient and the absorption conversion rate ACR of the mixed mechanism super-surface unit of the embodiment are subjected to simulation calculation in the frequency range of 5GHz-35GHz, and the result is shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the reflection amplitude of the mixed mechanism super-surface unit in the example is smaller than-10 dB within the frequency band of 8.35GHz-31.6GHz, because the lengths of the three groups of L-shaped metal patches in the unit of the example are different, polarization conversion can be carried out at different frequency points, and broadband operation of the unit is realized.
As can be seen from fig. 5, in the frequency band of 8.35GHz-31.6GHz, the Absorption conversion ACR of the super-surface unit with the hybrid mechanism of this example is greater than 90%, and the Absorption rate Absorption is greater than 40%, which indicates that most of the energy of the super-surface unit is absorbed in the frequency band of 10-30GHz, and the polarization conversion rate is higher in the frequency band range with lower Absorption rate, at this time, the unit converts the remaining energy into cross-polarized waves of incident waves, and realizes that the super-surface unit maintains stable Absorption characteristics for electromagnetic waves in a wide operating frequency band through the design of the hybrid mechanism.
As can be seen in FIG. 6, the polarization conversion PCR curve for the super-surface unit of this example is greater than 0.8 in the frequency bands 8.8-16GHz and 28.6-31.6GHz, the polarization conversion PCR curve represents the ratio of the reflected wave converted to its cross-polarized wave to the total reflected wave value, and it can be seen from FIG. 6 that greater than 80% of the reflected wave energy is converted to its cross-polarized wave in both of these frequency bands.
And 4, simulating and calculating the reflection phase of the mixed mechanism super-surface unit and the super-surface unit 2 which is rotated by 90 degrees in the central symmetry manner in the example within the range of 5GHz-35GHz, and calculating the phase difference, wherein the result is shown in FIG. 7.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the reflection phase difference of the super-surface unit 2 of the present example and the super-surface unit rotated 90 degrees with its center symmetry is within the frequency bands of 8.8-17.6GHz, 23-23.5GHz and 28.7-31.4GHz, and the phase difference is close to 180 degrees.
As can be seen from FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b), the electromagnetic super-surface of the example achieves the broadband RCS reduction function for TE and TM waves under different incident angles, and achieves the reduction bandwidth of 8.7-32.5GHz and the relative bandwidth of 115.5% for a 10dB radar section under the condition that the incident angle is less than 45 degrees.
As can be seen from fig. 9(a) and 9(b), when the plane waves of TE and TM modes perpendicularly irradiate the electromagnetic super-surface of the hybrid mechanism, the electromagnetic super-surface has better scattering performance than the planar metal plate, and the scattering pattern of the electromagnetic super-surface of the present example is better. Because the whole super surface is arranged according to the chessboard structure, the scattering directional diagram is compared with a plane metal plate, and the three-dimensional scattering directional diagram of the electromagnetic super surface of the embodiment is in a four-beam shape.
The above description and examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form and detail may be made based on the principle and construction of the present invention after understanding the content and design principle of the present invention, but such modifications and changes based on the inventive concept are still within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a wide angle of wide mixed mechanism RCS of broadband reduces electromagnetism super surface that contracts, includes super surface structure layer (1), upper dielectric plate (2), lower floor dielectric plate (3) and metal reflecting plate (4), and super surface structure layer (1) and metal reflecting plate (4) are printed respectively on the upper and lower surface of lower floor dielectric plate (3), its characterized in that:
the super-surface structure layer (1) is formed by 2 x 2 hybrid mechanism super-surface modules (11) rotating clockwise along the structure center, each super-surface module (11) is formed by 4 x 4 hybrid mechanism super-surface units (111), each hybrid mechanism super-surface unit (111) comprises three groups of L-shaped metal patches (1111, 1112, 1113) with different lengths, two groups of metalized through holes (1114) and two groups of lumped resistors (1115), the three groups of L-shaped metal patches (1111, 1112, 1113) with different lengths are nested and arranged, and the two groups of lumped resistors are welded on the outermost L-shaped metal patches (1111); each super surface unit (111) is connected with the metal reflecting plate (4) through a metalized through hole (1114) on the super surface unit; the two sets of metalized through holes (1114) and the two sets of lumped resistors (1115) are symmetrically distributed along the diagonal of the super-surface unit (111).
2. An electromagnetic super-surface according to claim 1, wherein: the radius D of the two groups of metalized through holes (1114) is 0.2 mm-0.6 mm.
3. An electromagnetic super-surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the three groups of L-shaped metal patches are nested from inside to outside according to the lengths of the patches, wherein the length L of the outermost patch (1111) is14.55 mm-4.95 mm, width W10.4 mm-0.6 mm; length L of middle patch (1112)21.65 mm-2.05 mm, width W20.4 mm-0.6 mm; length L of innermost patch (1113)30.2 mm-0.4 mm, width W30.2 mm-0.4 mm, the distance G from the L-shaped metal patch (1111) at the outermost side to the edge of the lower dielectric plate 3 is 0.9mm, and the distance G between every two adjacent L-shaped patches1Is 0.2 mm.
4. An electromagnetic super-surface according to claim 1, wherein: the two groups of lumped resistors (1115) are packaged in a type 0402, and the resistance value R of each resistor is 60-70 omega.
5. An electromagnetic super-surface according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness H of the upper dielectric plate (2) is the same as that of the lower dielectric substrate (3), and the value range of the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate is 1.8-2.2 mm.
6. An electromagnetic super-surface according to claim 1, wherein: the upper dielectric plate (2) and the lower dielectric substrate (3) are made of the same material and have the same dielectric constantrThe value range of the dielectric material is 2.4-2.8, and the value range of the dielectric loss tangent tan is 0.0005-0.0015.
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| CN112864634A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 宁波大学 | Perfect absorption incident angle adjustable electromagnetism absorbing structure |
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