CN109560374B - High-gain low-radar-section Fabry-Perot antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/145—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising a plurality of reflecting particles, e.g. radar chaff
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- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种高增益低雷达截面的法布里‑珀罗天线，通过采用三层天线覆层设计的方式，使其在具有比传统微带天线更好的辐射特性的前提下，具有比传统微带天线更低的雷达截面；本发明包括天线辐射体、馈电结构、金属地板，印制在第一介质基板上、下表面的第一吸波覆层、第二反射覆层和印制在第二介质基板下表面的第三反射覆层；第一吸波覆层由N×N个相同结构周期性排列的正方形吸波单元组成，第二反射覆层和第三反射覆层分别由N×N个相同结构周期性排列的正方形金属环贴片和和正方形金属贴片单元构成。本发明解决了现有技术中带内雷达截面减缩效果差的技术问题，极大提高了天线的增益，适用于需要低可观测特性的导弹雷达和卫星通信领域。
The invention proposes a Fabry-Perot antenna with high gain and low radar cross section. By adopting a three-layer antenna cladding design, it has better radiation characteristics than traditional microstrip antennas. The radar cross section is lower than that of the traditional microstrip antenna; the present invention includes an antenna radiator, a feeding structure, a metal floor, a first wave-absorbing coating, a second reflecting coating and The third reflective cladding printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate; the first absorbing cladding consists of N×N square absorbing units with the same structure periodically arranged, the second reflective cladding and the third reflective cladding They are respectively composed of N×N square metal ring patches and square metal patch units periodically arranged with the same structure. The invention solves the technical problem of poor reduction effect of in-band radar cross section in the prior art, greatly improves the gain of the antenna, and is suitable for the fields of missile radar and satellite communication requiring low observable characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a high-gain low-radar-section Fabry-Perot antenna which is applicable to communication antennas and missile antennas with low observable characteristics.
Background
In the conventional communication field, a signal transmitting and receiving system is one of the most important components in the whole communication platform, an antenna is a core part in the system, and radiation characteristics are main indexes for measuring the quality of the antenna. As antennas are increasingly used in the military fields of airplanes, missiles, ships and the like, people have higher and higher requirements on the scattering characteristics of the antennas. The key to improving the scattering property is how to reduce the radar scattering cross section, which is the most basic parameter in the scattering property and is a measure of the return power of the target in a given direction under the irradiation of the plane wave.
The antenna is a scatterer whose scattering consists of two parts: one part is a structural mode item scattering field irrelevant to the load condition of the scattering antenna, which is a scattering field when the antenna is connected with a matching load, and the scattering mechanism of the scattering field is the same as that of a common scattering body; the other part is the scattered field of the antenna mode term which is changed along with the load condition of the antenna, and the scattered field is generated by reradiating the power reflected by the antenna due to the mismatching of the load and the antenna, and is the scattered field which is specific to the antenna as a loading scatterer.
The specific reduction scheme of the radar scattering cross section can be divided into the following schemes, firstly, the whole structure of the antenna is improved, and the reduction of the broadband radar cross section is realized by scattering incident electromagnetic waves to a non-threat direction, but the reduction effect usually brought by the reduction method is not very obvious. Second, antenna RCS reduction can be achieved by using periodic structures such as frequency selective surfaces, artificial magnetic conductors or polarization rotating surfaces. However, these methods can only keep the antenna radiation gain constant or cause gain degradation. Furthermore, the periodic structure typically increases the antenna size without gain enhancement, which results in relatively low aperture efficiency. People cover a layer of wave-absorbing metamaterial on the upper layer of the antenna, and incident electromagnetic waves can be absorbed by the wave-absorbing metamaterial by placing the wave-absorbing metamaterial on the top layer of the antenna, so that the radar cross section of the antenna is reduced. However, the absorbing materials used in these antennas typically operate outside the operating band of the antenna and achieve high gain, but the radar scattering cross-section within the operating band cannot be reduced.
For example, the ministry of electrical science and western electrical science and technology collaborative innovation research institute limited in west ann, in the patent application filed under the name of "a microstrip antenna with ultra wide band and low radar cross section" (application No. 201710727439.8, application publication No. CN 107579346 a), a microstrip antenna based on polarization transformation surface is disclosed. The polarization conversion device comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal floor, a polarization conversion surface, a radiation unit and a coaxial connector; the metal floor is printed on the lower surface of the medium substrate, the polarization conversion surface is printed on the upper surface of the medium substrate, a rectangular cavity is arranged in the center of the upper side of the medium substrate, a radiation unit fixed with the output end of the coaxial connector is arranged above the cavity, the polarization conversion surface is composed of four polarization conversion unit groups, each polarization conversion unit group comprises a plurality of descending fractal units, and the arrangement directions of the descending fractal units in adjacent polarization conversion unit groups are different by 90 degrees. But the peak gain of the invention at 14GHz is only 7.13dBi, and the antenna gain is poor.
For example, in the name of "a circularly polarized F-P cavity antenna with high gain and low RCS" (application No. 201810243456.9, application publication No. CN 108521018 a), the company limited to the research institute of electrical science and technology collaborative innovation of electrical science and technology, west and an electric science and technology in west and an electric, has proposed a circularly polarized F-P cavity antenna with high gain and low RCS, which includes an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate; the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate is printed with a wave-absorbing surface, and the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate is printed with a partial reflecting surface; the wave absorbing surface comprises NxN wave absorbing units which are periodically arranged and adopt an annular patch structure, gaps are arranged on four sides of the wave absorbing units, resistors are loaded on the gaps, and the partial reflecting surface comprises NxN partial reflecting surface units which are periodically arranged and adopt a square patch structure, wherein cross-shaped grooves with different lengths are arranged in the center of the partial reflecting surface units, and rectangular grooves are arranged on four sides of the partial reflecting surface units; the upper surface of the lower medium plate is printed with a rectangular metal patch, the lower surface of the lower medium plate is printed with a floor, the rectangular metal patch and the floor are connected through a coaxial line, and a high-impedance surface formed by an area array formed by periodically arranging a plurality of strip-shaped metal patches is printed around the rectangular metal patch. However, in the invention, the maximum reduction of the antenna is 14.9dBsm when the x-polarization electromagnetic wave enters, the reduction of the in-band is 4dBsm, and when the y-polarization electromagnetic wave enters, the reduction of the in-band radar cross section of the antenna is poor. And the antenna gain boost effect is only 3dBi, and the gain boost effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a Fabry-Perot antenna with high gain and low radar cross section.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a Fabry-Perot antenna with high gain and low radar cross section comprises an antenna radiator, a feed structure, a metal floor, a first wave absorption coating, a second reflection coating and a third reflection coating, wherein the first wave absorption coating and the second reflection coating are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of a first dielectric substrate; the antenna radiation body is printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, the feed structure penetrates through the third dielectric substrate and is connected with the antenna radiation body and the metal floor, the first wave absorption coating layer is distributed in a checkerboard mode and consists of NxN square wave absorption units which are arranged periodically and have the same structure, N is not less than 2 and is a positive integer, each square wave absorption unit is of a metal annular structure, and resistors are arranged on four sides of each metal ring; the second reflecting coating layer consists of NxN square metal patch units with periodically arranged gradually-changed distribution structures, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and N is a positive integer; the unit sizes of the square metal patches are different, and the third reflection coating layer is composed of NxN square metal ring patches which are arranged periodically and have the same structure, wherein N is not less than 2, and N is a positive integer.
The center of the square wave absorbing unit is superposed with the centers of the square metal patch unit and the square metal ring patch.
The outer side length of the square metal ring patch unit is Wout, the Wout is 9-17 mm, the width of the metal ring is Ws, and the Ws is 2-6 mm.
The side lengths of the square metal patch units in the y direction are the same, the side lengths in the x direction are arranged from large to small, the side lengths are Wm, and the Wm is 2-17 mm.
The resistors are located at the middle points of all sides of the square wave absorbing unit metal ring and are symmetrically distributed with the center of the square wave absorbing unit, the width of the metal ring is Wl, the Wl is 0.1-1.1 mm, the side length of the square wave absorbing unit is a, and the a is 3-9 mm.
The thickness of the air layer between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate is d1, d1 is 10-26 mm, the thickness of the air layer between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is d2, and d2 is 0.2-1.8 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages;
1. according to the invention, the electromagnetic wave is reflected to the non-threat direction by adopting the square metal ring based on the phase gradient surface and the square metal patches with different structural sizes, the electromagnetic wave energy is converted into heat energy by the wave absorbing surface printed on the first dielectric plate through the resistor, the defect of poor radar cross section reduction effect in a working frequency band in the prior art is overcome, the radar cross section reduction of relative bandwidth is realized, the maximum radar cross section reduction in the working frequency band when the x-polarized electromagnetic wave is incident can reach 28dBsm, and the maximum radar cross section reduction in the working frequency band when the y-polarized electromagnetic wave is incident can reach 12 dBsm.
2. The resonant cavity formed by the partial reflecting surfaces on the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate and the metal floor is adopted, so that the radiation performance of the antenna is greatly enhanced, the defect of poor gain improvement effect in the prior art is overcome, and the highest gain of the antenna can reach 17.9 dBi.
3. The invention adopts the metal patch and the metal ring to form a partial reflecting surface, reduces the metal strip structure around the radiation antenna, overcomes the defects of the prior art that the partial reflecting surface and the structure around the radiation antenna are complex, and optimizes the whole structure of the antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first wave-absorbing coating of the antenna of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second reflective coating of the antenna of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third reflective coating of the antenna of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of each coating unit of the present invention
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna radiator according to the present invention
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the simulated return loss and gain of the Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention
FIG. 8 is xoz plane and yoz plane gain patterns of a Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention for normal incidence of x-polarized and y-polarized electromagnetic waves
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional contrast diagram of a single-station radar with a Fabry-Perot antenna and a microstrip antenna for x-polarized and y-polarized vertical incidence electromagnetic waves
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional diagram of a single-station radar under the irradiation of theta-polarized electromagnetic wave and phi-polarized electromagnetic wave of Fabry-Perot antenna and microstrip antenna of the present invention
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
referring to figures 1, 2, 3 and 4,
a Fabry-Perot antenna with high gain and low radar cross section comprises an antenna radiator 1, a feed structure 2, a metal floor 3, a first wave absorption coating 5, a second reflection coating 6 and a third reflection coating 8, wherein the first wave absorption coating 5 and the second reflection coating 6 are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of a first dielectric substrate 4; the antenna radiation body 1 is printed on the upper surface of a third dielectric substrate 9, the feed structure 2 penetrates through the third dielectric substrate 9 and is connected with the antenna radiation body 1 and the metal floor 3, the first wave absorption coating layer 5 is distributed in a checkerboard mode and consists of NxN square wave absorption units 5.1 which are arranged periodically in the same structure, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and is a positive integer, each square wave absorption unit 5.1 is a metal ring-shaped structure, and resistors 5.11 are respectively arranged on four sides of each metal ring; the second reflecting coating 6 is composed of NxN square metal patch units 6.1 with periodically arranged gradually-changed distribution structures, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and N is a positive integer; the structural size of each square metal patch unit 6.1 is different, and the third reflective coating 8 is composed of N × N square metal ring patches 8.1 which are arranged periodically and have the same structure, wherein N is not less than 2, and N is a positive integer.
In the invention, the second reflection coating 6 is a square metal patch 6.1 which is arranged periodically by 8 × 8, the third reflection coating 8 is a square metal ring patch 8.1 which is arranged periodically by 8 × 8, when the square metal ring patch (8.1) is contacted with electromagnetic waves for irradiation before the square metal patch (6.1), the size of the square metal patch (6.1) is changed, the metal ring patch (8.1) can greatly weaken the change of the reflection coefficient and the reflection phase caused by the size change, so that the second reflection coating 6, the third reflection coating 8, the metal floor 3 and an air cavity between the metal floor and the metal floor together form a resonant cavity, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna can be reflected for multiple times in the resonant cavity, and finally the equidirectional radiation waves of the feed source are superposed to the same direction and radiated to the outside through a part of the reflection surface, thereby improving the gain of the antenna radiator 1.
When the antenna receives electromagnetic wave irradiation, the second reflection coating 6 and the third reflection coating 8 form a partial reflection surface, wherein the second reflection coating 6 can reflect the electromagnetic wave to different directions due to different structural sizes of all units in the x direction, so that the reflected electromagnetic wave in a single direction is reduced, a large amount of electromagnetic waves are reflected to a non-threat direction, and the radar cross section in the working frequency band of the antenna is greatly reduced.
Each side of the wave-absorbing unit 5.1 on the first wave-absorbing coating layer 5 is provided with a resistor, so that the energy of electromagnetic waves can be absorbed and converted into heat energy, and the radar cross section outside the working frequency band of the antenna is further reduced.
From the calculation principle of the array antenna pattern, the normalized cell size distribution of the square metal patch 6.1 on the second reflective coating 6 in the x direction satisfies the formula:
wherein fa is the normalized cell size, i is the number of the metal sheets, n is the total number of the metal sheets, Σ represents the sum of the first n terms, mi is the reflection constant of the ith metal sheet, e is a natural constant, j is the imaginary part expression of an imaginary number, k is the wave number, di1 is the distance between the first and ith metal sheets, β 1i is the phase difference between the first and ith metal sheets, cos is the expression of the cosine function, and θ is the incident angle of the incident electromagnetic wave.
The center of the square wave absorbing unit 5.1 is superposed with the centers of the square metal patch unit 6.1 and the square metal ring patch 8.1.
The thickness of the air layer between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate is d1, d1 is 10-26 mm, the thickness of the air layer between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is d2, and d2 is 0.2-1.8 mm. The thickness of the air layer between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate is d1, d1 is 18mm, the thickness of the air layer between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is d2, d2 is 1mm referring to fig. 5,
in this embodiment, the outer side of the square metal ring patch unit 8.1 is Wout, which is 13.5mm, and the width of the metal ring is Ws, which is 4.25 mm.
The side lengths of the square metal patch units 6.1 in the y direction are the same, the side lengths in the x direction are arranged from large to small, the side lengths are Wm, and the Wm is 2-17 mm. In example 1, when the dimensions in the x direction are different from each other, and the second reflective coating 6 is an 8 × 8 square metal patch unit, m is 8, and each patch size W1-6 mm, W2-6.6 mm, W3-7 mm, W4-7.6 mm, W5-8 mm, W6-9 mm, W7-10 mm, and W8-11 mm are patch sizes.
In this embodiment, the side length of the square metal ring on the square wave absorbing unit 5.1 is a, a is 6mm, the width of the metal ring is Wl, Wl is 0.5mm, the resistance impedance is R, and R is 150 Ω.
Example 2:
this embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1, and only the following parameters are adjusted:
with reference to FIG. 1
The thickness of the air layer between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate is d1, d1 is 10mm, the thickness of the air layer between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is d2, and d2 is 0.2mm
Refer to FIG. 5
And 8.1 of a square metal ring patch unit, wherein when the outer side length is Wout which is 9mm, the width of the metal ring is Ws which is 2 mm. The side length Wm of the square metal patch unit is 2mm, the side length a of the square metal ring on the square wave absorbing unit 5.1 is 3mm, and the width Wl of the metal ring is 0.1 mm.
Example 3:
this embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1, and only the following parameters are adjusted:
with reference to FIG. 1
The thickness of the air layer between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate is d1, d1 is 26mm, the thickness of the air layer between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is d2, and d2 is 1.8mm
Refer to FIG. 5
And 8.1 of a square metal ring patch unit, wherein when the outer side length is Wout which is 17mm, the width of the metal ring is Ws which is 6 mm. The side length Wm of the square metal patch unit is 17mm, the side length a of the square metal ring on the square wave absorbing unit 5.1 is 9mm, and the width of the metal ring is Wl, Wl is 1.1 mm.
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings
Emulated content and conditions
Referring to fig. 7, the antenna in embodiment 1 is simulated through an electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS modeling, and the obtained return loss and gain curve in the 8-8.8 GHz band is shown in fig. 7, wherein the abscissa represents frequency and the ordinate represents return loss and gain of the antenna. As can be seen in fig. 7; the bandwidth with the return loss of the antenna being less than-10 dB is close to 100MHz (8.36 GHz-8.46 GHz), and the gain of the antenna in the frequency band is not less than 16.75 dBi.
Referring to fig. 8, xoz plane and yoz plane antenna gain pattern simulation plots with phase on the abscissa and gain on the ordinate at a frequency of 8.4 GHz. As can be seen in fig. 8; the peak gain of the antenna at 0 deg. is 17.9 dBi.
Referring to fig. 9, a simulation curve diagram of a cross section of a single-station radar of a microstrip antenna is compared when x-polarization electromagnetic waves and y-polarization electromagnetic waves are vertically incident in a frequency band of 7-16 GHz. It can be seen from fig. 9 that the antenna can be effectively reduced in the frequency band of 7-16 GHz no matter under the irradiation of x-polarized or y-polarized electromagnetic waves, the maximum radar cross-section reduction in the band can reach 28dBsm when the x-polarized electromagnetic waves are incident, and the maximum radar cross-section reduction in the band can reach 12dBsm when the y-polarized electromagnetic waves are incident.
Referring to FIG. 10, a cross-section simulation graph of xoz planar single station radar under irradiation of phi polarized waves and theta polarized waves. FIG. 10(a) is a simulation graph of xoz facing a single station radar cross section compared to a microstrip antenna under irradiation of a polarized wave. The radar cross section can be effectively reduced within the range of-35 degrees to 15 degrees, and a simulation curve diagram of xoz face-to-face ratio microstrip antenna single station radar cross section is shown in figure 10(b) under the irradiation of theta polarized waves of the antenna. The radar cross section can be effectively reduced within the range of-20 degrees to-10 degrees and-8 degrees to 8 degrees.
The simulation results show that compared with the prior art, the antenna provided by the invention simultaneously realizes two functions of high gain and broadband low radar cross section through the first wave-absorbing coating, the second reflecting coating and the third reflecting coating, simplifies the antenna structure, improves the reduction of the in-band radar cross section, improves the gain of the antenna and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
The above description and examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form and detail may be made based on the principle and construction of the present invention after understanding the content and design principle of the present invention, but such modifications and changes based on the inventive concept are still within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
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| CN114361810B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-04-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | A Broadband Low Scattering Dual-band Microstrip Antenna |
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