CN111893649A - 保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法、以保暖材料制备的制品 - Google Patents

保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法、以保暖材料制备的制品 Download PDF

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CN111893649A
CN111893649A CN202010690351.5A CN202010690351A CN111893649A CN 111893649 A CN111893649 A CN 111893649A CN 202010690351 A CN202010690351 A CN 202010690351A CN 111893649 A CN111893649 A CN 111893649A
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thermal insulation
thermal
insulation material
material according
xerogel
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CN111893649B (zh
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胡伟立
林炜罡
史凡
李宇
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3M China Ltd
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to PCT/IB2021/056470 priority patent/WO2022013841A1/en
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Abstract

本公开实施例提供了一种保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法、以保暖材料制备的制品。本公开实施例的保暖材料，包括：一非织造基材，其于1KPa压强下的厚度保持率至少为70％；一干凝胶；一阳离子界面活性剂，其包括一四级铵盐且均匀分布于所述干凝胶；其中，所述非织造基材在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量为20‑96.7％，所述干凝胶在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量3‑60％，所述阳离子界面活性剂在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量0.3‑20％。

Description

保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法、以保暖材料制备的制品
技术领域
本申请涉及一种保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法、以保暖材料制备的制品。具体地说，本申请关于一种包括干凝胶的保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法及其制品。
背景技术
保暖材料被广泛地应用于衣物、鞋类、手套等，亦或用于棉被等寝具。为达保暖效果，保暖材料的结构多能保留空气于其中，借此减低热能的散逸。
在一些空间有限又须达到保暖效果的应用上，例如：鞋类的应用上，保暖材料会因被压缩而影响保暖效果，因此目前有利用气凝胶(aerogel)或干凝胶(xerogel)的低密度和多孔性特性来维持保暖效果的技术。
在一些文献中，术语"干凝胶"和"气凝胶"用于描述借由干燥凝胶而形成的多孔固体。一般地，干凝胶和气凝胶之间的差别是基于结构的孔隙度和密度。干凝胶的孔隙度通常为20-40％，密度介于0.5-0.8g/cc之间；而气凝胶的密度通常介于0.1-0.2g/cc和至少75％的孔隙度。
然而，气凝胶或干凝胶因孔隙多而易碎，因此所应用领域仍然有限，如何维持压缩状态下的结构完整性也为一重要课题。现有的气凝胶或干凝胶制品中，有使用各种技术增加其溶胶物理结构强度者，例如，WO2013053951系于制备干凝胶过程中使用纤维增强材料，WO1997023675A2公开一种由热塑性纤维和气凝胶颗粒形成的复合材料，WO2017087511公开一种包括气凝胶粒子及聚合物材料的合成纤维，US20160060808A1公开一种含有二氧化硅干凝胶和无纺布的绝热片。但这些现有技术仍无法克服气凝胶或干凝胶容易破碎的问题；此外，许多制备气凝胶的制程使用次临界、超临界条件，或需要进行溶剂交换制备，例如CN102964111A，因此制程工序较为复杂，费用也较高。
另外，也有一些气凝胶或干凝胶表面覆盖聚合物来克服易碎问题的技术，但是这些方式会牺牲保暖材料制品的透气性并增加其重量。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开实施例提供了一种保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法、以及以保暖材料制备的制品。本公开实施例所提供的保暖材料不需以超临界、次临界等严苛条件或溶剂交换方式制备，故有助于简化制备工序及制备成本，且所得的保暖材料仍保有一定结构强度、保暖程度、透气性，因此可广泛地应用于各种制品。此外，由于本公开实施例的保暖材料更具备了抗菌的优点，同时因结构稳定，在压缩状态下也保有保暖效果，因此也适用于易于滋生细菌的环境，例如但不限于鞋类。
一般地，本公开实施例所述的保暖材料包括非织造基材、干凝胶和阳离子界面活性剂，非织造基材于1KPa压强下的厚度保持率至少为70％，阳离子界面活性剂包括四级铵盐且均匀分布于所述干凝胶，其中，所述非织造基材在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量为20-96.7％，所述干凝胶在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量3-60％，所述阳离子界面活性剂在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量0.3-20％。
在一些实施例中，所述非织造基材的材料选自聚酯纤维、锦纶纤维、腈纶纤维、丙纶纤维、聚乳酸纤维、纤维素类纤维中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，非织造基材于0.02KPa压强下的初始厚度介于2-50mm。
在一些实施例中，干凝胶由包括有机硅氧化物前体的凝胶所形成，所述有机硅包括烷氧基硅烷。
在一些实施例中，烷氧基硅烷包括烷基三烷氧基硅烷，任选地，其中所述烷基三烷氧基硅烷是甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷以及它们的组合；或，烷氧基硅烷包括二烷氧基硅烷，任选地，其中所述二烷氧基硅烷选自二乙氧基硅烷、二甲氧基硅烷以及它们的组合。
在一些实施例中，所述凝胶还包括溶剂以及催化剂。溶剂包括醇类，例如：甲醇、乙醇或它们的组合；催化剂包括酸性催化剂(如草酸、盐酸或它们的组合)和碱性催化剂(如氨水、尿素或它们的组合)。
在一些实施例中，阳离子界面活性剂的四级铵盐选自四级铵卤素盐类，例如：十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、苯扎溴铵、苯扎氯铵或它们的组合。
本公开实施例另提供一种保暖材料的制备方法，包括：(a)提供一溶胶以及一阳离子界面活性剂，所述阳离子界面活性剂包括四级铵盐；(b)将所述溶胶及所述阳离子界面活性剂共缩合形成凝胶；(c)提供一非织造基材，其于1KPa压强下的厚度保持率至少为70％；(d)将所述非织造基材浸泡于所述凝胶；以及(e)于大气压力下加热干燥所述含浸有凝胶的所述非织造基材，以形成具有一干凝胶结合于所述非织造基材上的所述保暖材料，其中所述非织造基材在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量为20-96.7％，所述干凝胶在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量3-60％，所述阳离子界面活性剂在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量0.3-20％。
本公开实施例也提供一种以前述保暖材料制备而成的制品。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本公开实施例的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本公开实施例一起用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的限制。通过参考附图对详细示例实施例进行描述，以上和其它特征和优点对本领域技术人员将变得更加显而易见，在附图中：
图1为本公开实施例制备的一种保暖材料的照片。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本公开实施例的技术方案，下面结合附图对本公开实施例提供的保暖材料、制备保暖材料的方法、以保暖材料制备的制品进行详细描述。
在下文中将参考附图更充分地描述本公开实施例，但是所示的实施例可以以不同形式来体现，且不应当被解释为限于本公开阐述的实施例。反之，提供这些实施例的目的在于使本公开透彻和完整，并将使本领域技术人员充分理解本公开的范围。
在不冲突的情况下，本公开各实施例及实施例中的各特征可相互组合。
本公开所使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例，且不意欲限制本公开。如本公开所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列举条目的任何和所有组合。如本公开所使用的单数形式“一个”和“该”也意欲包括复数形式，除非上下文另外清楚指出。如本公开所使用的术语“包括”、“由……制备”，指定存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、组件和/或组件，但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、组件、组件和/或其群组。
除非另外限定，否则本公开所用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)的含义与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同。还将理解，诸如那些在常用字典中限定的那些术语应当被解释为具有与其在相关技术以及本公开的背景下的含义一致的含义，且将不解释为具有理想化或过度形式上的含义，除非本公开明确如此限定。
除非另有定义，否则本申请中下列术语或描述方式的意义如下：
“干凝胶”用于描述借由干燥凝胶而形成的多孔固体的最终产物。
“溶胶”指用于形成凝胶的原料。
“凝胶”指溶胶经胶合及共缩合所形成的胶状物质；本申请中，溶胶和凝胶皆用来描述形成干凝胶前的凝胶。
“有机硅氧化物前体”指水解共缩合时形成有机硅氧化物的材料。
“初始厚度”是指非织造基材在0.02KPa压强下所测得的平均厚度。
“gsm”即克重，表示克每平方米，即每平方米材料的克重。
“Clo(克罗)值”是评价材料保暖能力的参数，其实质是一种热阻值，越大表示保温性越好；其中，当一个安静或从事可脑脑力劳动的人(发热量在209.2kJ/m2·h)，在温度为21℃、相对湿度小于50％、风速不超过0.lm/s的环境中感觉舒适时，其所穿衣服的Clo值定为1。
“A至B”或“A-B”的描述包括A的值、B的值，以及任何大于A并小于B的值。
“A在B中的重量百分含量”指A是属于B的一部分，当以B的重量为100％时，A的重量所占的百分比。
本公开实施例提供了一种保暖材料，包括非织造基材、干凝胶及阳离子界面活性剂，其中，阳离子界面活性剂分散于干凝胶中，而干凝胶平均分布于非织造基材的表面和孔隙中并结合于非织造基材，使非织造基材可借由干凝胶的多孔隙捕捉空气，从而达到保暖的效果。
一些实施例中，非织造基材的材料可选自聚酯纤维，例如垂直搭接100％聚酯纤维(vertically lapped nonwoven polyester)，克重可为50-1240gsm，但并不以此为限。
此外，非织造基材的初始厚度以介于2-50mm为佳，且于1KPa压强下的厚度保持率至少为70％，亦即，于1KPa压强下非织造基材的厚度不得低于初始厚度的70％，以使最终制备的保暖材料保有一定保暖效果。
当然，其它人造纤维或天然纤维，例如：锦纶纤维、腈纶纤维、丙纶纤维、聚乳酸纤维、纤维素类纤维等纤维材料亦可作为本公开实施例的非织造基材，并不局限于使用聚酯纤维。
本公开实施例的干凝胶是由凝胶经干燥而形成，而用以制备凝胶的溶胶可包括有机硅氧化物前体、溶剂和催化剂等成分。本公开实施例中，有机硅氧化物前体的有机硅包括烷氧基硅烷，例如：烷基三烷氧基硅烷或二烷氧基硅烷，而烷基三烷氧基硅烷可选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷(Methyltrimethoxysilane，MTMS)、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(vinyltrimethoxysilane)以及它们的组合，二烷氧基硅烷可為二乙氧基硅烷(diethoxysilane)、二甲氧基硅烷(dimethoxy silane)，或它们的组合。
而用以制备凝胶溶胶中的溶剂是选择性地添加的，可选醇类，示例性的，可为甲醇、乙醇，或是两者的组合，但不以此为限。
至于催化剂包括酸性催化剂和碱性催化剂，其中酸性催化剂可添加于溶剂和有机硅氧化物前体中，以利用酸性催化剂促进共缩合过程的前期水解反应，而碱性催化剂则添加于酸性催化剂之后，以加速缩合反应而形成凝胶。一些实施例中，酸性催化剂可任选自草酸(oxalicacid)、盐酸(hydrochloricacid)或它们的组合；碱性催化剂可选自氨水(ammoniumhy droxide)、尿素以及它们的组合，但不以此为限。
可用于本公开实施例的溶胶配方描述于如Chem.Mater.2005,Vol.17,2807-2816(Dong等)、Chem.Mater.2004,Vol.16,No.11,2041(Loy等)、Chem.Mater.2006,Vol.18,541-546(Dong等)、J.Colloid Interface Sci.2006,300,179-285(Rao等)、WO2010080239A2等，于此列入参考。
本公开实施例的干凝胶中另包括阳离子界面活性剂，其可选用四级铵盐界面活性剂，较佳可选用包含卤素盐类的四级铵盐界面活性剂，例如：十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride)、苯扎溴铵(benzalkonium bromide)、苯扎氯铵(benzalkonium chloride)或它们的组合。界面活性剂的添加可促进溶胶中的成分分散，于本公开实施例中，选用四级铵盐界面活性剂更可有助于促进聚合反应、固定干燥后的干凝胶结构、且使干凝胶能带有抗菌的效果。
本公开实施例保暖材料的制备方法一般地可提供界面活性剂以及包括溶剂、有机硅氧化物前体和酸性催化剂的溶胶(其中溶剂为选择性添加的成分)。于本公开实施例中，界面活性剂以包括四级铵卤素盐的阳离子界面活性剂为佳，并将阳离子界面活性剂和溶胶部分成分均匀混和，而后静置一段时间，例如：24小时，使其可进行水解及初期缩合反应，之后加入碱性催化剂起始凝胶及共缩合反应，从而使溶胶和阳离子界面活性剂可共缩合形成凝胶，并将非织造基材含浸于凝胶中，使凝胶完整分布于非织造基材的表面及孔隙中，再于环境压力下(例如：1大气压)以加热干燥含浸有凝胶的非织造基材，从而得到本公开实施例的保暖材料。一些实施例中，凝胶的干燥条件为1大气压、温度110-150℃，但不以此为限，亦即，本公开实施例可于环境压力下制备干凝胶，但毋需要使用超临界、次临界条件或进行溶剂交换。
本公开实施例制备的保暖材料中的非织造积材的重量百分含量为20-96.7％，干凝胶所占的重量百分含量为3-60％，而阳离子界面活性剂所占的重量百分含量为0.3-20％，且其拥有良好的保暖性能、透气性和抗菌效果，并具有稳固的结构。以下将以实例进一步说明本公开实施例。
表1、用以制备本公开实施例保暖材料的材料
Figure BDA0002589128290000061
Figure BDA0002589128290000071
本公开实施例保暖材料各项特征的测试方式叙述如下：
厚度测量
以厚度测试仪测量于0.02KPa下非织造基材30cm*30cm尺寸厚度，所得者为初始厚度(T0)，于1KPa加压非织造基材所测得厚度为加压厚度(T1)。
厚度保持率
厚度保持率＝加压厚度(T1)/初始厚度(T0)*100％。
保暖效果
以Clo(克罗)值代表，测试方法采用ASTMC518标准测试方法并测试三次采平均值。
压缩状态下的保暖效果
以1KPa压强压缩待测保暖材料时所得的Clo(克罗)值。
透气性
使用GB/T24218.15-2018中华人民共和国国家标准纺织品非织造布试验方法中关于透气性的测定，测试面积为20cm2、压差为200Pa。
抗菌效果
采用AATCC100标准测试方法选择大肠杆菌(Escherichia.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aures)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)。若於24小时能抑制99.0％以上细菌即为具有抗菌效果。
干凝胶稳固性
以目测观察保温材料完成后及压缩状态时是否有干凝胶脱落，以评估干凝胶附着于非织造基材的稳固性。
表2、本公开实施例各实验例及比较例之凝胶配方
Figure BDA0002589128290000081
实验例2、5-8及比较例1-2、5-9凝胶制备是将有机硅氧化物前体、溶剂和酸性催化剂及阳离子界面活性剂均匀混和30分钟再静置1小时，之后加入碱性催化剂均匀混和以启动胶合以及共缩合反应以形成凝胶；实验例1凝胶是把有机硅氧化物前体、溶剂和酸性催化剂及阳离子界面活性剂均匀混和20分钟再静置24小时，之后加入碱性催化剂均匀混和以启动胶合以及共缩合反应，静置24小时而形成凝胶；实验例3是把有机硅氧化物前体、溶剂、酸性催化剂、水和阳离子界面活性剂混和30分钟，而后添加碱性催化剂并搅拌30分钟以形成凝胶；实验例4是把有机硅氧化物前体、溶剂、酸性催化剂和阳离子界面活性剂混和30分钟，而后添加碱性催化剂并搅拌以形成凝胶。
表3、本公开实施例各实验例之保暖材料的配方
Figure BDA0002589128290000091
Figure BDA0002589128290000101
其中，保暖材料是把各组的非织造纤维浸入前述凝胶中，非织造基材的尺寸、重量和凝胶的使用量并没有所限制，以非织造基材能够完全浸渍吸附凝胶为原则，待含浸完全后将带有凝胶的非织造基材送入挤压压力为5kg/m2的挤压辊以控制最终凝胶的加载量，然后于环境压力(亦即大约1大气压)、150℃条件下进行干燥而得最终保暖材料，其中非织造基材、干凝胶以及界面活性剂比重是为其所占最终制备的保暖材料重量百分比。
表4、各实验例和比较例的保暖效果、透气性以及抗菌效果
Figure BDA0002589128290000102
*表未测试。
从表4可知，本公开实施例相较于比较例其每单位非织造基材于压缩状态下具有较佳的保暖效果，若进一步对比比较例5和比较例7可知，即便比较例7添加了干凝胶且其中含有四级铵盐有助于产生抗菌效果，却无益于提升压缩状态下保暖材料的保暖效果，是以本申请发现，适当的非织造基材的厚度保持率有助于提升保暖材料的保暖效果，其中非织造基材的厚度保持率又以大于70％为佳。
若进一步比较实验例2及比较例1，或比较实验例5及比较例6可知，当干凝胶中缺少四级铵盐成分，或四级铵盐比例过低时，干凝胶和基材的结合力会受到影响，因此可知，于干凝胶中添加四级铵盐有助于强化干凝胶和基材的结合强度，本申请发现，四级铵盐的比例以界于0.3-20％为佳。
而从实验例2和比较例8、9相较可知，即便非织造基材具有适当的厚度保持率和四级铵盐比例，若非织造基材比例和干凝胶比例超过一范围时，其干凝胶会有脱落的现象，亦即，本申请发现非织造基材的比例以20-96.7％为佳，而干凝胶的比例则以3-60％为佳。
此外，由实验例及对比例比较可知，添加了四级铵盐不仅对于保暖材料的结构稳定性有帮助，也能使保暖材料产生抗菌效果。又由实验例2和比较例1可知，以本公开实施例的方法所提供的保暖材料具有较佳的透气性；而若有克重相仿的组别比较(实验例1和比较例3、实验例3和比较例4、实验例4和比较例5)可知，以本公开实施例的方法制备的保暖材料具有优异的透气性，又其中适当比例的四级铵盐添加亦有助于保暖材料透气性的提升(实验例2相较比较例1)。
由此可知，本公开实施例提供了一种可在环境压力下制备的具有良好结构稳定性、良好透气性及具有抗菌效果的保暖材料，且保暖材料在受压情况下仍维持有良好的保暖能力，因此适合应用于各式制品，例如衣物、寝具、鞋类等。其中，因本公开实施例的保暖材料具有良好的透气性和抑菌能力，且在压缩状态下仍具有保暖性，当应用于鞋类、袜类等制品时，更可借此达到避免异味产生并顾及使用者舒适性、保暖性的效果。
本公开已经公开了示例实施例，并且虽然采用了具体术语，但它们仅用于并仅应当被解释为一般说明性含义，并且不用于限制的目的。在一些实例中，对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，除非另外明确指出，否则可单独使用与特定实施例相结合描述的特征、特性和/或元素，或可与其它实施例相结合描述的特征、特性和/或组件组合使用。因此，本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离由所附的权利要求阐明的本公开的范围的情况下，可进行各种形式和细节上的改变。

Claims (25)

1.一种保暖材料，包括：
一非织造基材，其于1KPa压强下的厚度保持率至少为70％；
一干凝胶；以及
一阳离子界面活性剂，其包括一四级铵盐且均匀分布于所述干凝胶；
其中，所述非织造基材在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量为20-96.7％，所述干凝胶在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量3-60％，所述阳离子界面活性剂在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量0.3-20％。
2.如权利要求1所述保暖材料，其中，所述非织造基材的材料选自聚酯纤维、锦纶纤维、腈纶纤维、丙纶纤维、聚乳酸纤维、纤维素类纤维中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述保暖材料，其中，所述非织造基材于0.02KPa压强下的初始厚度介于2-50mm。
4.如权利要求1所述保暖材料，其中，所述干凝胶由包括有机硅氧化物前体的凝胶所形成，所述有机硅包括烷氧基硅烷。
5.如权利要求4所述保暖材料，其中，所述烷氧基硅烷包括烷基三烷氧基硅烷，所述烷基三烷氧基硅烷是甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷以及它们的组合。
6.如权利要求4所述保暖材料，其中，所述烷氧基硅烷包括二烷氧基硅烷，所述二烷氧基硅烷选自二乙氧基硅烷、二甲氧基硅烷以及它们的组合。
7.如权利要求4所述保暖材料，其中，所述凝胶还包括溶剂以及催化剂。
8.如权利要求7所述保暖材料，其中，所述溶剂包括醇类，所述醇类选自甲醇、乙醇以及它们的组合。
9.如权利要求7所述保暖材料，其中，所述催化剂包括酸性催化剂和碱性催化剂。
10.如权利要求9所述保暖材料，其中，所述酸性催化剂选自草酸、盐酸以及它们的组合。
11.如权利要求9所述保暖材料，其中，所述碱性催化剂选自氨水、尿素以及它们的组合。
12.如权利要求1所述保暖材料，其中，所述阳离子界面活性剂的四级铵盐选自四级铵卤素盐类。
13.如权利要求12所述保暖材料，其中，所述四级铵卤素盐类选自十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、苯扎溴铵、苯扎氯铵以及它们的组合。
14.一种保暖材料的制备方法，包括：
(a)提供一溶胶以及一阳离子界面活性剂，所述阳离子界面活性剂包括四级铵盐；
(b)将所述溶胶及所述阳离子界面活性剂共缩合形成凝胶；
(c)提供一非织造基材，其于1KPa压强下的厚度保持率至少为70％；
(d)将所述非织造基材浸泡于所述凝胶；
(e)于大气压力下加热干燥所述含浸有凝胶的所述非织造基材，以形成具有一干凝胶结合于所述非织造基材上的所述保暖材料，其中所述非织造基材在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量为20-96.7％，所述干凝胶在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量3-60％，所述阳离子界面活性剂在所述保暖材料中的重量百分含量0.3-20％。
15.如权利要求14所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述溶胶包括有机硅氧化物前体，所述有机硅包括烷氧基硅烷。
16.如权利要求15所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述烷氧基硅烷包括烷基三烷氧基硅烷，所述烷基三烷氧基硅烷是甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷以及它们的组合。
17.如权利要求15所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述烷氧基硅烷包括二烷氧基硅烷，所述二烷氧基硅烷选自二乙氧基硅烷、二甲氧基硅烷以及它们的组合。
18.如权利要求14所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述四级铵盐选自四级铵卤素盐类。
19.如权利要求18所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述四级铵卤素盐类选自十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、苯扎溴铵、苯扎氯铵以及它们的组合。
20.如权利要求14所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述溶胶还包括溶剂及催化剂。
21.如权利要求20所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述溶剂包括醇类，所述醇类选甲醇、乙醇以及它们的组合。
22.如权利要求20所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述催化剂包括酸性催化剂和碱性催化剂。
23.如权利要求14所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，所述非织造基材的材料选自聚酯纤维、锦纶纤维、腈纶纤维、丙纶纤维、聚乳酸纤维、纤维素类纤维中的至少一种，所述非织造基材于0.02KPa压强下的初始厚度介于2-50mm。
24.如权利要求14所述的保暖材料制备方法，其中，步骤(e)的加热条件为110-150℃。
25.一种以权利要求1-13中的任一项所述的保暖材料制备的制品。
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