CN110846891A - 一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN110846891A
CN110846891A CN201911174906.4A CN201911174906A CN110846891A CN 110846891 A CN110846891 A CN 110846891A CN 201911174906 A CN201911174906 A CN 201911174906A CN 110846891 A CN110846891 A CN 110846891A
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佟峰
卢江
蒋立民
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Xinchuangxin Material Technology Xuzhou Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法与应用，其制备方法包括：(1)称取原料：气凝胶复合粉体、纤维基材、添加剂和溶剂；(2)将气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在30‑300℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；(3)将纤维基材抽丝、放卷，并将所述混合胶装料复合在其上，待其干燥后，即可收卷并完成制作。本发明仅经过简单的步骤，即可完成二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维的制作，该制作方法成本低、适用范围广；本发明结合了气凝胶良好的隔热性能以及纤维基材韧度高，耐磨性好的特性，使生产得到的气凝胶复合纤维耐热度高，导热系数最低达到0.013W/m.K，提高了成衣品质和保温性，是极好的纺织和衣物填充物材料。

Description

一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及气凝胶复合纤维制造领域，具体是一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法与应用。
背景技术
众所周知，热的传导方式有辐射、对流、传导三种方式。为了充分提高隔热保温性能，需要兼具阻隔辐射、限制对流、延长传导路径三个功能。目前，保温隔热纺织材料通常通过在夹层中充填羽绒、纤维、棉花的方法实现保温隔热目的。这种方法由于所充填的材料导热系数较高，充填量较大，使制备的保温隔热用品，如被子褥子服装帐篷。既厚又重，携带及其不方便，在极端高低温环境条件下还不能满足现实需要。
气凝胶为目前已知的所有天然和人造固体中密度最低的固体，且作为人造固体其保温隔热性能比作为天然纤维的羽绒还要好很多。气凝胶具有极低密度、极低导热性、极高孔隙率、不燃、耐高温、拒水性极好等优越性能；尤其是气凝胶能大量锁定微小空间内的静止空气、热导率极低、重量极轻且不易吸水，作为保温隔热材料性能极优。但气凝胶为脆性材料，无法直接整块地应用到服饰鞋被这类在使用或收纳时需要弯折的产品上，因此必须将气凝胶先制成颗粒或粉末状再使其附着或被包裹到其他基材中使用。
目前，已经有较多文献披露了将气凝胶粉末复合到无纺布、发泡材料或塑料膜中，然后再将此类复合材料作为保温隔热夹层缝制成被服鞋帽之类的产品；也有少数公司尝试将气凝胶微粉直接混合到诸如涤纶、氨纶和/或芳纶之类的熔融原料中制成纤维后纺纱再制成被服衣帽之类。这些现有技术的用料局限性大、成本高且步骤复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，该方法可选择的原材料的范围大、成本较低、步骤较少且简单。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按重量份配比称取以下原料：气凝胶复合粉体1-500份、纤维基材100-450份、添加剂0-100份和溶剂0-1000份；
(2)将称取的气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在30-300℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；
(3)将纤维基材抽丝、放卷，并将所述混合胶装料复合在其上，待其干燥后，即可收卷并完成制作。
优选地，所述气凝胶复合粉体为按重量份配比称取的二氧化硅气凝胶粉体1-500份、硅藻土0-25份、气相白炭黑0-20份、高岭土0-20份、火山岩0-15份、膨润土0-25份、膨胀珍珠岩0-10份、纳米孔金属有机化合物0-10份、发泡高分子树脂0-5份、发泡酚醛树脂0-15份、活性炭0-5份和分子筛0-5份复合而成；所述气凝胶复合粉体的粒径为5nm-100μm。
优选地，所述纤维基材使用棉、麻、动物毛、蚕丝、石棉、粘胶纤维、醋酯纤维、大豆纤维、玻璃纤维、金属纤维、碳纤维、聚酯纤维、氨纶、丙纶、尼龙、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、二氧化硅、硅酸铝、金属铝、腈纶中的一种或一种以上混合而成。
优选地，所述添加剂为按重量份配比称取的有机硅橡胶0-50份、天然粘接剂0-25份和热熔胶0-25份混合而成。
优选地，所述溶剂为水和乙醇的混合溶液，所述水和乙醇的体积比为1:0.1-10。
优选地，所述步骤(3)为：将纤维基材连续抽丝、连续放卷、将所述混合胶装料连续复合在其上，待其干燥后，自动连续收卷并自动包装，整个工艺流程不间断。
优选地，所述复合包括热熔胶复合、熔融复合、热挤出复合和干法热复合。
本发明还提供了一种气凝胶复合纤维的应用，可应用于衣物纺织、衣物填充和工业纺织。
本发明仅经过简单的步骤，即可完成一种气凝胶复合纤维的制作，该制作方法成本低、适用范围广；本发明的进一步应用可以实现自动化连续生产，使整个工艺流程不间断，进一步提高生产效率，实现低成本生产。本发明的二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维，结合了气凝胶良好的隔热性能以及纤维基材韧度高，耐磨性好的特性，使生产得到的气凝胶复合纤维耐热度高，提高了成衣品质和保温性，是极好的纺织和衣物填充物材料。
附图说明
图1是本发明的生产工艺流程图；
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
按如下步骤制造二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维:
(1)按重量份配比称取以下原料：气凝胶复合粉体500份、纤维基材110份、添加剂90份和溶剂1000份；
所述气凝胶复合粉体为二氧化硅气凝胶粉体480份和硅藻土20份复合而成；
所述纤维基材为棉110份；
所示添加剂为有机硅橡胶50份、天然粘接剂25份和热熔胶15份混合而成；
所述溶剂为水和乙醇的混合溶液，所述水和乙醇的体积比为1:0.1。
(2)将称取的气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在30℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；
(3)将纤维基材抽丝、放卷，并将所述混合胶装料热熔胶复合在其上，待其干燥后，即可收卷并完成制作。
本实施例所制造的二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维的多个参数如表1所示。
实施例2
按如下步骤制造二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维:
(1)按重量份配比称取以下原料：气凝胶复合粉体1份、纤维基材100份、添加剂5份和溶剂200份；
所述气凝胶复合粉体为二氧化硅气凝胶粉体1份；
所述纤维基材为麻25份、动物毛25份、蚕丝25份、石棉25份混合而成；
所示添加剂为有机硅橡胶3份、天然粘接剂1份和热熔胶1份混合而成；
所述溶剂为水和乙醇的混合溶液，所述水和乙醇的体积比为1:0.5。
(2)将称取的气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在50℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；
(3)将纤维基材抽丝、放卷，并将所述混合胶装料熔融复合在其上，待其干燥后，即可收卷并完成制作。
本实施例所制造的二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维的多个参数如表1所示。
实施例3
按如下步骤制造二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维:
(1)按重量份配比称取以下原料：气凝胶复合粉体200份、纤维基材450份；
所述气凝胶复合粉体为二氧化硅气凝胶粉体100份、气相白炭黑20份、高岭土20份、火山岩15份、膨润土25份、膨胀珍珠岩10份、纳米孔金属有机化合物10份复合而成；
所述纤维基材为粘胶纤维、醋酯纤维、大豆纤维、玻璃纤维、金属纤维、碳纤维、聚酯纤维、氨纶、丙纶、各50份混合而成；
(2)将称取的气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在300℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；
(3)将纤维基材抽丝、放卷，并将所述混合胶装料熔融复合在其上，待其干燥后，即可收卷并完成制作。
本实施例所制造的二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维的多个参数如表1所示。
实施例4
按如下步骤制造二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维:
(1)按重量份配比称取以下原料：气凝胶复合粉体400份、纤维基材200份；
所述气凝胶复合粉体为二氧化硅气凝胶粉体370份、发泡高分子树脂5份、发泡酚醛树脂15份、活性炭5份和分子筛5复合而成；
所述纤维基材为丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、二氧化硅、硅酸铝、金属铝、腈纶各40份混合而成；
(2)将称取的气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在250℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；
(3)将纤维基材抽丝、放卷，并将所述混合胶装料热挤出复合在其上，待其干燥后，即可收卷并完成制作。
本实施例所制造的二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维的多个参数如表1所示。
实施例5
按如下步骤制造二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维:
(1)按重量份配比称取以下原料：气凝胶复合粉体250份、纤维基材120份、添加剂50份和溶剂500份；
所述气凝胶复合粉体为二氧化硅气凝胶粉体200份、膨润土25份、硅藻土25份复合而成；
所述纤维基材为蚕丝、动物毛、尼龙、聚乙烯各30份混合而成；
所示添加剂为有机硅橡胶30份、天然粘接剂10份和热熔胶10份混合而成；
所述溶剂为水和乙醇的混合溶液，所述水和乙醇的体积比为1:10。
(2)将称取的气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在60℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；
(3)将纤维基材连续抽丝、连续放卷、将所述混合胶装料连续干法热复合在其上，待其干燥后，自动连续收卷并自动包装，整个工艺流程不间断。
本实施例所制造的二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维的多个参数如表1所示。
表1各实施例生产的二氧化硅气凝胶复合纤维性能参数对照表
Figure BDA0002289702780000051
Figure BDA0002289702780000061
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (8)

1.一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按重量份配比称取以下原料：气凝胶复合粉体1-500份、纤维基材100-450份、添加剂0-100份和溶剂0-1000份；
(2)将称取的气凝胶复合粉体和添加剂放入溶剂中，在30-300℃条件下不停搅拌，直至形成均匀的混合胶装料；
(3)将纤维基材抽丝、放卷，并将所述混合胶装料复合在其上，待其干燥后，即可收卷并完成制作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，其特征在于，所述气凝胶复合粉体为按重量份配比称取的二氧化硅气凝胶粉体1-500份、硅藻土0-25份、气相白炭黑0-20份、高岭土0-20份、火山岩0-15份、膨润土0-25份、膨胀珍珠岩0-10份、纳米孔金属有机化合物0-10份、发泡高分子树脂0-5份、发泡酚醛树脂0-15份、活性炭0-5份和分子筛0-5份复合而成；所述气凝胶复合粉体的粒径为5nm-100μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，其特征在于，所述纤维基材使用棉、麻、动物毛、蚕丝、石棉、粘胶纤维、醋酯纤维、大豆纤维、玻璃纤维、金属纤维、碳纤维、聚酯纤维、氨纶、丙纶、尼龙、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、二氧化硅、硅酸铝、金属铝、腈纶中的一种或一种以上混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，其特征在于，所述添加剂为按重量份配比称取的有机硅橡胶0-50份、天然粘接剂0-25份和热熔胶0-25份混合而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为水和乙醇的混合溶液，所述水和乙醇的体积比为1:0.1-10。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)为：将纤维基材连续抽丝、连续放卷、将所述混合胶装料连续复合在其上，待其干燥后，自动连续收卷并自动包装，整个工艺流程不间断。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维的制造方法，其特征在于，所述复合包括热熔胶复合、熔融复合、热挤出复合和干法热复合。
8.一种气凝胶复合纤维的应用，其特征在于，可应用于衣物纺织、衣物填充和工业纺织。
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