CN111889479B - Pretreatment equipment and method for kitchen residues - Google Patents
Pretreatment equipment and method for kitchen residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN111889479B CN111889479B CN201911044163.9A CN201911044163A CN111889479B CN 111889479 B CN111889479 B CN 111889479B CN 201911044163 A CN201911044163 A CN 201911044163A CN 111889479 B CN111889479 B CN 111889479B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 33
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000036905 Benincasa cerifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011274 Benincasa cerifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003169 placental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/141—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with axial flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/128—Vertical or inclined screw presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/14—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with only one screw or worm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/18—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing with means for adjusting the outlet for the solid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment device of kitchen residues, which is used for treating water-containing fiber materials and is provided with a rack, wherein the rack is internally provided with: the first pretreatment device is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, wherein the feed inlet is respectively arranged at the upper part of one end of the first pretreatment device, the discharge outlet is arranged at the lower part of the other end of the first pretreatment device, and at least one group of crushing conveying cutters for crushing the water-containing fiber material and simultaneously moving the material from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet are arranged between the feed inlet and the discharge outlet; the second pretreatment device for dewatering the crushed materials is arranged below the first pretreatment device, a crushed material inlet is formed in the upper portion of one end of the second pretreatment device, the crushed material inlet is arranged below the discharge hole and is inserted into the discharge hole, an end cover and a crushed material outlet are arranged at the other end of the second pretreatment device, and a dewatering mechanism for carrying out spiral extrusion on the crushed materials is arranged between the crushed material inlet and the crushed material outlet. The pretreatment equipment disclosed by the invention can conveniently and thoroughly crush and remove the moisture in kitchen residues such as vegetables, fruits and the like to obtain drier fiber, so that the fiber is reduced by more than 70%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to kitchen residue treatment equipment, in particular to pretreatment equipment for kitchen residues such as aqueous fiber matters of kitchen upper leaves, melon and fruit peels and the like and a pretreatment method adopting the equipment.
Background
At present, urban centralized dining places comprise places such as office buildings, hotels, restaurants, schools, airports, hospitals and the like, a great amount of leftovers and leftovers are produced in daily dining, a great amount of kitchen residues such as pericarps, kitchen side vegetable leaves and the like are produced, even stale vegetables and fruits which are not fresh but cannot be eaten are produced, and the materials contain 15-30% of fiber matters and up to 70-85% of water, so that putrefactive fermentation is easily caused when the materials are not treated in time, the putrefaction fermentation is caused, the great environmental pollution is caused, and the life of people is seriously influenced.
In the patent of the invention with the publication number of CN102887733B, equipment for rapidly converting leftovers in kitchen waste into organic fertilizers is disclosed, and can treat human edible matters such as vegetables, meats, fishes, shrimp shells, snacks, fruits, tea residues and grains, so that the human edible matters are rapidly converted into the organic fertilizers and reduced by more than 80%. The kitchen waste contains a large amount of vegetable processing residues, such as sidewalls, vegetable leaves, stems, tubers, pericarps and the like, and cells of the vegetable processing residues contain more than 80% of water, and if the vegetable processing residues are directly placed into the equipment for converting the leftovers into the organic fertilizer, the conversion efficiency is greatly reduced due to the fact that a large amount of water in the vegetable processing residues is required to be converted into steam in the conversion process, and the vegetable processing residues are time-consuming and energy-consuming.
In the prior art, the residual vegetable and fruit materials containing water and fiber are usually subjected to centrifugal dehydration through a centrifugal dehydration treatment device, and the treatment device can only remove the water on the surfaces of the residual vegetable and fruit materials and is difficult to remove the water contained in cells, so that the conventional centrifugal dehydration treatment device cannot remove the water in cells so as to extract dry fibers.
In addition, substances with larger toughness such as onion leaves, white gourd peels, banana peels and the like are mixed in the kitchen residues, and the substances are directly placed into equipment for converting organic fertilizers, so that a stirring device is easy to block, and the equipment is overloaded or damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide the pretreatment equipment for the kitchen residues, which can conveniently and thoroughly crush and remove the moisture in the kitchen residues such as vegetables, fruits and the like to obtain drier fiber, so that the fiber is reduced by more than 70 percent; in addition, the method for pretreating kitchen residues by adopting the equipment is also provided.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a pretreatment equipment of kitchen remainder for handle the fibrous material that contains water, have the frame, be equipped with in the frame: the first pretreatment device is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, wherein the feed inlet is respectively arranged at the upper part of one end of the first pretreatment device, the discharge outlet is arranged at the lower part of the other end of the first pretreatment device, and at least one group of crushing conveying cutters for crushing the water-containing fiber material and simultaneously moving the material from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet are arranged between the feed inlet and the discharge outlet; the second pretreatment device for dewatering the crushed materials is arranged below the first pretreatment device, a crushed material inlet is formed in the upper portion of one end of the second pretreatment device, the crushed material inlet is arranged below the discharge hole and is inserted into the discharge hole, an end cover and a crushed material outlet are arranged at the other end of the second pretreatment device, and a dewatering mechanism for carrying out spiral extrusion on the crushed materials is arranged between the crushed material inlet and the crushed material outlet.
Wherein each group of crushing conveying cutters comprises at least 3 crushing cutters which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction and are distributed at uniform angles along the circumferential direction.
Wherein the second preprocessing device comprises: one end of the dehydration cylinder is provided with the crushed material inlet, and the other end of the dehydration cylinder is provided with the end cover; the dewatering mechanism is arranged in the dewatering cylinder and is provided with a rotating shaft and a spiral blade which is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating shaft and extends along the axial direction in a spiral manner, and two ends of the rotating shaft are supported on the frame through bearings; the dehydration adjusting mechanism is arranged on one side of the end cover, which is far away from the crushed material inlet, and is matched with the end cover to form a crushed material outlet which can change the size of the gap and is used for extruding materials.
The dehydration adjusting mechanism is provided with an adjusting stud and an adjusting screw sleeve sleeved on the adjusting stud.
The screw sleeve comprises a screw sleeve head and a screw sleeve body, the screw sleeve body is arranged outside the adjusting stud through a thread connecting sleeve, and one end of the adjusting stud is abutted against the frame.
The outer wall of the screw sleeve head is conical, the inner wall of the end cover is conical and is sleeved outside the screw sleeve head, and the outer wall of the screw sleeve head and the inner wall of the end cover are matched with each other to form a gap to serve as the crushed material outlet.
The taper of the inner wall of the end cover is smaller than that of the outer wall of the screw sleeve head, so that the gap formed between the inner wall of the crushed material outlet and the outer wall of the screw sleeve head is gradually reduced along the axial direction.
The adjusting screw bolt is rotated to adjust the depth of the head of the screw sleeve extending into the end cover, so that the size of the gap is adjusted.
Wherein the relative horizontal surface of the dehydration cylinder body is inclined.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for preprocessing kitchen residues by adopting the preprocessing equipment, which comprises the following steps of:
enabling the water-containing fiber material to enter a first pretreatment device from the feed inlet of the first pretreatment device, and pushing the water-containing fiber material to the discharge outlet while crushing the water-containing fiber material through at least one group of crushing conveying cutters;
the crushed water-containing fiber material enters the second pretreatment device from the crushed material inlet of the second pretreatment device, is dehydrated by screw extrusion through the dehydration mechanism, and is discharged from the crushed material outlet.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the first pretreatment device is used for crushing the water-containing fiber materials, the crushed water-containing fiber materials directly enter the second pretreatment device through the material outlet of the first pretreatment device for dehydration, so that the water-containing fiber materials are crushed and dehydrated in sequence, the first pretreatment device and the second pretreatment device are arranged up and down in sequence, the structure of the device is compact, and the materials crushed by the first pretreatment device smoothly enter the second pretreatment device for dehydration by virtue of dead weight, so that the whole crushing and dehydration process is automatically completed, the dehydration of kitchen residues can be more effectively performed, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the working efficiency is improved;
2. the second pretreatment device disclosed by the invention can be used for simultaneously extruding and dehydrating the water-containing fiber materials in the process of conveying the water-containing fiber materials, so that the dehydration efficiency is high;
3. the second pretreatment device is provided with the dehydration adjusting mechanism, and the size of the crushed material outlet can be adjusted at any time according to the requirement, so that the dehydration rate of the water-containing fiber material can be adjusted at any time;
4. according to the pretreatment equipment for kitchen residues, provided by the invention, the first pretreatment device and the second pretreatment device which are arranged up and down are used for crushing vegetable and fruit kitchen residues mixed with substances such as green onion leaves, banana peels, white gourd peels and watermelon peels with larger toughness, and then thoroughly removing more than 70% of water in the crushed vegetable and fruit residues to obtain drier fiber substances, so that the pretreatment of kitchen residues with more complex contents can be completed through equipment with a compact structure, the pretreatment capability is strong, the dehydration effect is good, the efficiency of subsequently converting organic fertilizers is greatly improved, the energy consumption is remarkably reduced, the problem of high equipment maintenance cost caused by blocking stirring devices by the overlong fiber substances in the kitchen residues is avoided, and the equipment can be widely used for on-site treatment of kitchen residues in a centralized dining place and environmental pollution is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of kitchen residue pretreatment equipment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a first pretreatment device employed in the kitchen waste pretreatment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side cross-sectional view of the first pretreatment device of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second pretreatment device of the kitchen waste pretreatment device of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a frame; 11-pushing port; 12-a guide plate; 110-a dry trough; 100-liquid collecting tank; 2-crushing a conveying cylinder; 21-a feed inlet; 22-a discharge hole; 3-a crushing and conveying mechanism; 31-bearing; 32-rotating shaft; 33-a crushing knife; 332-a cutter body; 4-a first drive mechanism; 41-a pulley; 42-an electric motor; 5-a dehydration cylinder; 6, receiving a charging barrel; 61-crushed material inlet; 62-crushed material outlet; 7-a dehydration adjustment mechanism; 71-adjusting the screw sleeve; 72-adjusting a stud; 711-a swivel head; 712-a swivel body; 8-a dehydration mechanism; 81-bearings; 82-a rotation axis; 83-helical blades; 84-end cap; 9-a second drive mechanism.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a kitchen residue pretreatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the kitchen residue pretreatment device is used for treating a water-containing fiber material, and has a frame 1, where the frame 1 is provided with: the first pretreatment device is provided with a feed inlet 21 positioned at the upper part of one end of the first pretreatment device and a discharge outlet 22 positioned at the lower part of the other end of the first pretreatment device, and at least one group of crushing conveying cutters which are arranged between the feed inlet 21 and the discharge outlet 22 and are used for crushing the water-containing fiber materials and simultaneously moving the crushed materials from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet; the second pretreatment device for dewatering crushed materials is arranged below the first pretreatment device, a crushed material inlet 61 is arranged at the upper part of one end of the second pretreatment device, the crushed material inlet 61 is arranged below the discharge hole 22 and is inserted into the discharge hole, an end cover 84 and a crushed material outlet 62 are arranged at the other end of the second pretreatment device, and a dewatering mechanism 8 for screw extrusion of the crushed materials is arranged between the crushed material inlet 61 and the crushed material outlet 62. Specifically, the pretreatment equipment of kitchen residues comprises a frame 1, wherein a first pretreatment device and a second pretreatment device of water-containing fiber materials are arranged in the frame 1 up and down. The water-containing fiber material is kitchen residue such as vegetable and fruit kitchen residue mixed with materials such as green onion leaves, banana peel, white gourd peel, watermelon peel and the like with high toughness.
The first pretreatment device may adopt a structure as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and comprises a crushing and conveying cylinder 2 and a crushing and conveying mechanism 3 arranged in the crushing and conveying cylinder 2, wherein the crushing and conveying cylinder 2 is horizontally arranged on the frame 1, namely, the axis of the crushing and conveying cylinder 2 is parallel to the ground, a feed inlet 21 is arranged at one upper part of one end of the crushing and conveying cylinder 2, and a discharge outlet 22 is arranged at the lower part of the other end of the crushing and conveying cylinder. A pushing port 11 is arranged at the upper part of the frame 1, a guide plate 12 which forms a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane and is convenient for feeding is arranged between the pushing port 11 and the feeding port 21, the guide plate 12 for feeding the water-containing fiber materials is sent into the feeding port 21 from the pushing port 11, the materials enter the crushing conveying cylinder 2 along the feeding port 21, and after being gradually crushed by the crushing conveying mechanism 3, the materials are pushed to the discharging port 22 and then enter the second pretreatment device.
As shown in fig. 1, the crushing and conveying mechanism 3 of the first pretreatment device comprises a rotating shaft 32 and at least one group of crushing and conveying cutters sleeved along the rotating shaft 32. The two ends of the rotating shaft 32 are rotatably supported in the crushing conveying cylinder 2 through bearings 31, and are driven to rotate by a first driving mechanism 4 arranged in the frame 1. At least one group of crushing conveying cutters are alternately arranged on the rotating shaft 32 along the axial direction and the circumferential direction, each group of crushing conveying cutters comprises at least 3 crushing cutters 33 which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 32 and are uniformly distributed at an angle along the circumferential direction, and when the first driving mechanism 4 drives the rotating shaft 32 to rotate through the belt pulley 41, the rotating shaft drives the group of crushing cutters 33 to rotate, and the water-containing fiber material received from the feed inlet 21 is gradually crushed and simultaneously pushed to the discharge outlet 22.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of crushing blades 33 are sequentially sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft 32, and the installation direction is sequentially changed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 32, so that a spiral path through which the material can move forward along a spiral track is formed when the plurality of crushing blades rotate.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first driving mechanism 4 for driving the rotation shaft 32 to rotate includes: a pair of pulleys 41 connected to the rotation shaft 32 and the motor shaft, a belt for driving the pair of pulleys 41 together, and a motor 42 for driving the pair of pulleys 41 to rotate. When the motor 42 rotates, the rotating shaft 32 is driven to rotate by the pair of pulleys 41, so that the crushing cutter 33 is driven to rotate, and the water-containing fiber material is crushed.
As shown in fig. 1, the aqueous fiber material introduced into the crushing and conveying cylinder 2 from the feed port 21 is continuously crushed by the rotating crushing blade 33 and is pushed to the discharge port 22. After the aqueous fiber material enters the crushing and conveying cylinder 2, in order to increase the contact time with the crushing cutters 33 and achieve the effect of full crushing and uniform crushing, as shown in fig. 2, among a plurality of groups of crushing and conveying cutters uniformly arranged along the rotating shaft 32, each group of crushing and conveying cutters comprises 3-12 crushing cutters 33, each crushing cutter 33 is provided with a pair of cutter bodies 332 symmetrically positioned at two sides of the rotating shaft 32, so that 6-24 cutter bodies 332 alternately arranged can be seen from one side of each group of crushing and conveying cutters, as shown in fig. 3, one group of crushing and conveying cutters comprises three crushing cutters 33, the three crushing cutters are sequentially sleeved on the rotating shaft 32 along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 32 and staggered with each other, so that adjacent crushing cutters are arranged at 60 degrees along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and then 6 cutter bodies 332 distributed at 60 degrees are seen from the end face. In this way, the material is crushed into pieces with a size of less than 1cm by sequentially cutting the material several times by the plurality of crushing blades 33, and simultaneously the material is pushed forward to the discharge port 22.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the feed inlet 21 and the discharge outlet 22 are respectively formed at two ends of the crushing and conveying cylinder 2, when the water-containing fiber material enters the crushing and conveying cylinder 2 from the feed inlet 21, the water-containing fiber material is crushed by being cut multiple times by a plurality of groups of crushing cutters 33 contacted with the water-containing fiber material, and is continuously pushed leftwards along the axial direction under the action of the crushing cutters, and when the water-containing fiber material reaches the discharge outlet 22 and is sufficiently crushed, the crushed water-containing fiber material is dehydrated by a second pretreatment device below the crushed water-containing fiber material, and the water-containing fiber material is not wound around the second pretreatment device to be blocked in the dehydration process, so that the driving device of the second pretreatment device is not overloaded to be damaged.
The working process of the first pretreatment device for crushing the water-containing fiber materials is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the crushing and conveying mechanism is started, the rotating shaft 32 is rotated at a high speed by the motor 42, the water-containing fiber material is pushed into the pushing port 11 arranged at the upper part of the equipment frame 1, the material moves to the feeding port 21 along the inclined guide plate 12 and is sent into the crushing and conveying cylinder 2, the material is sequentially cut and crushed by the plurality of crushing blades 33 arranged on the rotating shaft 32 along the axial direction and is pushed to the feeding port 22, and finally the crushed material falls into the crushed material inlet 61 below by the discharging port 22, thereby crushing the water-containing fiber material is completed.
The crushing and conveying tool in the first pretreatment device of the present invention may be configured as a crushing and conveying tool in the prior art, and the crushing and conveying mechanism may be configured as a crushing and conveying mechanism in the prior art.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the first pretreatment device is used for crushing the water-containing fiber material, the crushed water-containing fiber material is dehydrated by the second pretreatment device arranged below the first pretreatment device.
The second preprocessing device in this embodiment adopts a structure as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4, and includes: a dewatering cylinder 5 installed on the frame 1, one end of which is provided with a crushed material inlet 61 communicated with the discharge hole 22 of the first pretreatment device, and the other end of which is provided with an end cover 84, in order to prevent the scattering of the materials, the discharge hole 22 can be inserted into the crushed material inlet 61; the dewatering mechanism 8 is arranged in the dewatering cylinder 5 and used for extruding the water-containing fiber crushed materials entering the dewatering cylinder 5 from the crushed material inlet 61, and is provided with a rotating shaft 82 and a spiral blade 83 which is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating shaft and extends spirally along the axial direction, and two ends of the rotating shaft 82 are supported on a frame through bearings; the dewatering adjustment mechanism 7 is arranged on the side of the end cover 84 away from the crushed material inlet 61, and cooperates with the end cover 84 to form a crushed material outlet 62 for extruded material, which can change the size of the gap. Further, a second driving mechanism 9 is mounted on the frame 1 to drive the dewatering mechanism 8 to rotate in the dewatering drum 5.
Specifically, the second pretreatment device of the embodiment of the invention is positioned below the first pretreatment device and is provided with a dehydration barrel 5, one end of the dehydration barrel 5 is provided with a material receiving barrel 6 and is connected with the material receiving barrel 6 to form a communicated integrated cavity, and the other end is provided with a barrel end cover 84 with an opening, so that the end cover 84 is matched with the dehydration adjusting mechanism 7 to form a circular crushed material outlet 62 with a changeable gap size. Wherein, the upper part of the receiving cylinder 6 is provided with a crushed material inlet 61, and the discharge hole 22 of the first pretreatment device extends into the crushed material inlet 61, so that the crushed material inlet 61 is communicated with the discharge hole 22, and the receiving cylinder 6 receives the crushed material containing water fiber falling from the discharge hole 22. The crushed material from the first pretreatment device falls into the receiving cylinder 6 through the discharge port 22 and the crushed material inlet 61, is conveyed into the dewatering cylinder 5 along with the rotation of the dewatering mechanism 8 to be extruded and dewatered, is reduced by more than 70%, is finally conveyed to the crushed material outlet 62, falls down along the crushed material outlet 62, and is collected by the dry trough 110 arranged below the crushed material outlet 62.
In the design, as shown in fig. 1, the dewatering cylinder 5 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, so that one end of the dewatering cylinder 5 adjacent to the receiving cylinder 6 is lower than the other end of the dewatering cylinder 5 for forming the crushed material outlet 62, thus the water extruded from the crushed material containing water fiber smoothly flows into the liquid collecting tank 100 arranged below the dewatering cylinder 5 from the bottom of the dewatering cylinder 5, and the crushed material containing water fiber is discharged from the crushed material outlet 62 positioned at the high position of the dewatering cylinder 5, and the full dewatering is obtained.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid collecting tank 100 is disposed below the dewatering drum 5, and is capable of collecting water removed from the crushed material of the aqueous fiber, at least the lower part or the whole of the dewatering drum 5 has a mesh structure, and the crushed material of the aqueous fiber is continuously extruded by the spiral blade of the dewatering mechanism 8, and the water flows down into the liquid collecting tank 100 along the mesh of the dewatering drum 5, and is collected. The sump 100 is provided with a drain port for draining residual liquid therein. As shown in fig. 1, a dry material tank 110 is disposed below the crushed material outlet 62 for collecting dehydrated fibrous crushed material, and a dry material outlet is disposed at one side of the dry material tank 110 for pouring out dehydrated dry material (i.e., dehydrated fibrous crushed material).
In this embodiment, the dewatering mechanism 8 is arranged in the dewatering cylinder 5, so that the water-containing fiber crushed material entering the dewatering cylinder 5 from the crushed material inlet 61 is extruded and conveyed to the crushed material outlet 62.
As shown in fig. 4, the dewatering mechanism 8 of the present embodiment includes: a rotation shaft 82 rotatably mounted on the frame 1 at both ends thereof through bearings 81; screw blades 83 mounted on the rotation shaft 82 and located in the dewatering cylinder 5 and the receiving cylinder 6. The spiral blade 83 extends spirally along the rotation shaft 81, and the spiral outer diameter formed by the spiral blade 83 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the dehydration cylinder by 0.5-2cm, so that the inside of the dehydration cylinder is not scratched.
Wherein the pitch and/or height of the screw blade 82 may be gradually reduced toward the crushed material outlet direction such that a space formed between the screw blade and the central shaft surface and the inner surface of the dewatering drum 5 is gradually reduced, in other words, such that the pitch of the screw blade is gradually reduced, and/or the screw guide groove formed by the screw blade is gradually changed from deep to shallow.
As shown in fig. 1, the dewatering mechanism 8 is driven by the second driving mechanism 9 to convey the fibrous crushed material toward the crushed material outlet 62. The second driving mechanism 9 has a motor with a speed reducer, the power output shaft of which is connected with the rotating shaft 82, and the rotating shaft 82 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the motor, so that the plurality of spiral blades 83 on the rotating shaft 82 smoothly convey the water-containing fiber crushed material entering the dewatering cylinder 5 from the crushed material inlet 61 to the crushed material outlet 62, and simultaneously gradually squeeze and dewater the material.
In this embodiment, the end cover 84 of the dewatering cylinder 5 is provided with the dewatering adjustment mechanism 7, so that the end cover 84 and the dewatering adjustment mechanism 7 form an annular crushed material outlet 62 with changeable size, a certain resistance is formed on crushed material, and the spiral blades 83 are mutually matched to gradually squeeze out water in the fiber crushed material, so that the dewatered dry material is squeezed out from the crushed material outlet 62 and falls into a dry material groove 110 below the crushed material outlet. The dehydration adjusting mechanism 7 of this embodiment may adopt a structure as shown in fig. 4, and has an adjusting screw sleeve 71 and an adjusting stud 72, where the adjusting screw sleeve 71 is composed of a screw sleeve head 711 with a conical outer surface and a screw sleeve body 712, the end of the screw sleeve body 712 is installed outside one end of the adjusting stud 72 through a screw thread connecting sleeve, and the other end of the adjusting stud 72 abuts against the frame 1. The outer wall of the swivel head 711 is conical, the inner wall of the end cover 84 is also conical, the two are matched with each other to form the crushed material outlet 62, the taper of the end cover 84 is smaller than that of the swivel head 711, namely, the crushed material outlet 62 is a gap which is formed between the inner wall of the barrel end cover 84 and the outer wall of the swivel head 711 and gradually reduces from inside to outside along the axial direction of the dewatering barrel 5, so that the material is extruded from the crushed material outlet 62 under certain resistance, the resistance is related to the gap formed between the swivel head 711 and the inner wall of the barrel end cover 84, and the smaller the gap is, the larger the resistance is, and the drier the extruded material is.
In other words, the crushed material outlet 62 is a flared bell mouth, the outer contour of the screw sleeve head 711 is adapted to the flared bell mouth, the screw sleeve head 711 is adjusted to extend to the left into the depth of the inner cylinder of the cylinder end cover by rotating the adjusting screw bolt 72, so that the clearance between the inner wall of the cylinder end cover 84 and the outer wall of the screw sleeve head 711 is adjusted to be reduced, the smaller the clearance is, the slower the discharging speed of the water-containing fiber crushed material at the crushed material outlet 62 is, the smaller the water content is, so that the water-containing fiber crushed material continuously from the crushed material inlet 61 sequentially reaches the crushed material outlet 62 under the extrusion and pushing of the dewatering mechanism 8, the water-containing fiber crushed material accumulated at the crushed material outlet 62 but not discharged is continuously extruded, and the water is continuously extruded.
The working process of the second pretreatment device for dehydrating the water-containing fiber materials crushed by the first pretreatment device is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the gap between the outer wall of the screw sleeve head 711 and the inner wall of the barrel end cover 84, namely the opening of the crushed material outlet 62, is adjusted according to actual needs, so that the water-containing fiber crushed material enters the dewatering barrel from the crushed material inlet 61, the spiral blades 83 gradually squeeze and dewater the water-containing fiber crushed material while conveying the water-containing fiber crushed material to the crushed material outlet 62, and the dewatered fiber crushed material is continuously conveyed to the crushed material outlet 62, extruded from the gap and falls into the lower dry material tank 110.
The invention provides the pretreatment equipment of the kitchen residues, and also provides a method for pretreating the kitchen residues by adopting the equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
enabling the water-containing fiber material to enter a first pretreatment device from a feed inlet of the first pretreatment device, and pushing the water-containing fiber material to a discharge outlet while crushing the water-containing fiber material through at least one group of crushing conveying cutters;
the crushed water-containing fiber material enters the second pretreatment device from the crushed material inlet of the second pretreatment device, is dehydrated by screw extrusion through a dehydration mechanism, and is discharged from the crushed material outlet.
Specifically, the pretreatment method of the invention comprises the following steps:
s01, enabling the water-containing fiber material to enter the first pretreatment device from a feed inlet of the first pretreatment device, and pushing the water-containing fiber material to a discharge outlet while crushing the water-containing fiber material through at least one group of crushing conveying cutters
First, the crushing conveying mechanism is started to rotate the rotating shaft 32 at a high speed by the motor 42;
next, the aqueous fiber material is pushed into a pushing port 11 provided at the upper part of the frame 1 so that the material can be moved along an inclined guide plate 12 to a feed port 21 and fed into the crushing conveying cylinder 2;
then, the materials entering the crushing conveying cylinder 2 are sequentially cut and crushed by a plurality of crushing cutters 33 which are axially arranged on the rotating shaft 32 and pushed towards the feeding hole 22;
finally, the cut and crushed material pushed to the discharge port 22 falls into the crushed material inlet 61 located below the discharge port 22, thereby completing the crushing treatment of the water-containing fiber material.
S02, the crushed water-containing fiber material enters the second pretreatment device from the crushed material inlet of the second pretreatment device, is dehydrated by screw extrusion through the dehydration mechanism, and is discharged from the crushed material outlet.
When the cut and crushed material (i.e. the water-containing fiber crushed material) falls into the crushed material inlet 61 positioned below the discharge hole 22 from the discharge hole 22, the water-containing fiber crushed material enters the dewatering cylinder from the crushed material inlet 61;
conveying the water-containing fiber crushed material to the crushed material outlet 62 by the spiral blades 83 in the dewatering cylinder, and gradually squeezing and dewatering the water-containing fiber crushed material while conveying the water-containing fiber crushed material by the spiral blades 83;
the dehydrated fibrous crushed material is continuously conveyed to the crushed material outlet 62 and extruded from the gap between the outer wall of the screw sleeve head 711 and the inner wall of the barrel end cover 84;
the dewatered fibrous material extruded from the gap falls into a dry chute 110 below the crushed material outlet 62, while the water removed from the aqueous fibrous crushed material is collected by a sump 100 below the dewatering drum 5.
Before the broken fibrous material with water pushed to the discharge port 22 does not fall into the broken material inlet 61, the gap between the outer wall of the screw head 711 and the inner wall of the barrel end cover 84, i.e., the opening of the broken material outlet 62, needs to be adjusted according to actual needs, and the adjustment process may be performed before the broken conveying mechanism is started.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the kitchen waste pretreatment equipment and method have the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the first pretreatment device is used for crushing the water-containing fiber materials, the crushed water-containing fiber materials directly enter the second pretreatment device through the material outlet of the first pretreatment device for dehydration, so that the water-containing fiber materials are crushed and dehydrated in sequence, the first pretreatment device and the second pretreatment device are arranged up and down in sequence, the structure of the device is compact, and the materials crushed by the first pretreatment device smoothly enter the second pretreatment device for dehydration by virtue of dead weight, so that the whole crushing and dehydration process is automatically completed, the dehydration of kitchen residues can be more effectively performed, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the working efficiency is improved;
2. the second pretreatment device disclosed by the invention can be used for simultaneously extruding and dehydrating the water-containing fiber materials in the process of conveying the water-containing fiber materials, so that the dehydration efficiency is high;
3. the second pretreatment device is provided with the dehydration adjusting mechanism, and the size of the crushed material outlet can be adjusted at any time according to the requirement, so that the dehydration rate of the water-containing fiber material can be adjusted at any time;
4. according to the pretreatment equipment for kitchen residues, provided by the invention, the first pretreatment device and the second pretreatment device which are arranged up and down are used for crushing vegetable and fruit kitchen residues mixed with substances such as green onion leaves, banana peels, white gourd peels and watermelon peels with larger toughness, and then thoroughly removing more than 70% of water in the crushed vegetable and fruit residues to obtain drier fiber substances, so that the pretreatment of kitchen residues with more complex contents can be completed through equipment with a compact structure, the pretreatment capability is strong, the dehydration effect is good, the efficiency of subsequently converting organic fertilizers is greatly improved, the energy consumption is remarkably reduced, the problem of high equipment maintenance cost caused by blocking stirring devices by the overlong fiber substances in the kitchen residues is avoided, and the equipment can be widely used for on-site treatment of kitchen residues in a centralized dining place and environmental pollution is avoided.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make modifications according to the principles of the present invention, and thus, all modifications made according to the principles of the present invention should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Pretreatment equipment of kitchen residues for handle the aqueous fiber material, have frame (1), be equipped with in its characterized in that frame:
the first pretreatment device is provided with a feed inlet (21) positioned at the upper part of one end of the first pretreatment device and a discharge outlet (22) positioned at the lower part of the other end of the first pretreatment device, and a plurality of groups of crushing conveying cutters which are arranged between the feed inlet and the discharge outlet and are used for crushing the water-containing fiber material and simultaneously moving the material from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet; the second pretreatment device is arranged below the first pretreatment device, a crushed material inlet (61) is formed in the upper part of one end of the second pretreatment device, the crushed material inlet is positioned below the discharge hole (22) and is inserted into the discharge hole, a crushed material outlet (62) is formed in the other end of the second pretreatment device, and a dehydration mechanism (8) for carrying out screw extrusion on the crushed material is arranged between the crushed material inlet and the crushed material outlet;
each group of crushing conveying cutters comprises at least 3 crushing cutters, each crushing cutter is provided with a pair of cutter bodies symmetrically positioned at two sides of the rotating shaft and axially and obliquely arranged relative to the rotating shaft, and a plurality of crushing cutters are sequentially sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft and sequentially change the installation direction along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft so as to form a spiral channel which can enable materials to move forwards along a spiral track when the crushing cutters rotate to crush the materials;
the other end of the second pretreatment device is further provided with an end cover (84) with a conical inner wall, the dehydration mechanism is provided with a screw sleeve head (711), the screw sleeve head and the end cover are mutually matched to form a crushed material outlet (62), the crushed material outlet is a flared bell mouth, and the outline shape of the screw sleeve head is adapted to the flared bell mouth.
2. The kitchen waste pretreatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second pretreatment means comprises:
a dewatering cylinder (5) with one end provided with the crushed material inlet (61) and the other end provided with the end cover; the dewatering mechanism is arranged in the dewatering cylinder and is provided with a rotating shaft (82) and a spiral blade (83) which is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating shaft and extends spirally along the axial direction, and two ends of the rotating shaft (82) are supported on the rack through bearings;
the dehydration adjusting mechanism (7) is arranged on one side of the end cover far away from the crushed material inlet (61) and is matched with the end cover to form a crushed material outlet (62) which can change the size of the gap and is used for extruding materials.
3. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that the dehydration adjusting mechanism is provided with an adjusting stud (72) and an adjusting screw sleeve (71) sleeved on the adjusting stud (72).
4. A kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that the adjusting screw sleeve (71) comprises the screw sleeve head (711) and the screw sleeve body (712), the screw sleeve body (712) is arranged outside the adjusting screw bolt (72) through a thread connecting sleeve, and one end of the adjusting screw bolt (72) is abutted against the frame (1).
5. The kitchen waste pretreatment equipment as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the outer wall of the screw head (711) is conical, the inner wall of the end cap (84) is conical and is sleeved outside the screw head (711), and the two parts are matched with each other to form the gap as the crushed material outlet.
6. The kitchen waste pretreatment apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the taper of the inner wall of the end cap is smaller than the taper of the outer wall of the screw head (711) such that the gap formed between the inner wall of the crushed material outlet (62) and the outer wall of the screw head (711) is gradually reduced in the axial direction.
7. The kitchen waste pretreatment apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the size of the gap is adjusted by rotating an adjusting stud (72) to adjust the depth of the insert head (711) extending into the end cap.
8. The pretreatment apparatus for kitchen residues as recited in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the dehydration cylinder is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane.
9. A method for pretreating kitchen residues by using the pretreatment equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the following steps are adopted in sequence:
enabling the water-containing fiber material to enter a first pretreatment device from the feed inlet of the first pretreatment device, and pushing the water-containing fiber material to the discharge outlet while crushing the water-containing fiber material through at least one group of crushing conveying cutters;
the crushed water-containing fiber material enters the second pretreatment device from the crushed material inlet of the second pretreatment device, is dehydrated by screw extrusion through the dehydration mechanism, and is discharged from the crushed material outlet.
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