CN111870595B - 一种核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111870595B CN111870595B CN202010762524.XA CN202010762524A CN111870595B CN 111870595 B CN111870595 B CN 111870595B CN 202010762524 A CN202010762524 A CN 202010762524A CN 111870595 B CN111870595 B CN 111870595B
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- decontamination
- acid
- sodium
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- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VKTHZHSHTVVWPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.NCCNCCN Chemical compound [Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].[Na].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.NCCNCCN VKTHZHSHTVVWPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 alkyl glycoside Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 22
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019301 disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- LRMHFDNWKCSEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;phenol Chemical compound CCOCC.OC1=CC=CC=C1 LRMHFDNWKCSEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
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- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 6
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004441 surface measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及洗消液技术领域，具体涉及一种核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用。所述核素洗消液由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠0.3‑6％，辅助螯合剂0.1‑5％，缓冲剂0.1‑2％，吸附剂0.1‑2％，表面活性剂1‑10％，防腐剂0.1‑1％，消泡剂0.1‑1％，酸碱调节剂0.1‑1％，稳定剂0.1‑2％，水余量。本发明具有洗消效率高、应用范围广、环境适应性强、存储时间长的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及洗消液技术领域，具体涉及一种核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
放射性污染是指由于人类活动造成物料、人体、场所环境介质表面或者内部出现超过国家标准的放射性物质或者射线。随着科技与经济的飞速发展，核能广泛应用于能源、军事、医疗、检测等领域。人们在从事涉核的各项实践活动中，可能会发生割伤、刺伤、爆炸伤、烧烫伤等创伤，各类体表创伤处于放射性污染环境中，可能发生伤口被放射性物质污染的情况。放射性物质经伤口进入人体后，会转移至血液、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和骨等组织，对伤口和人体各器官造成长期的内照射，对人体健康造成严重危害。为减少放射性物质对伤员的危害，应尽快对放射性污染伤口进行洗消处理。
目前，常用的伤口清洗剂主要有：(1)生理盐水，临床最常用的伤口清洁液，对活体组织无有害影响，可用于冲洗体腔，且经济实惠；(2)清水，常用于临床上慢性伤口遭尿便污染或伤口异常污浊等的清洗，只适用于表浅伤口；(3)软皂液，临床上除了用来清洁灌肠外，还可用于污浊创面的清洗，使用软皂液清洗伤口后必须再用生理盐水或清水清洁伤口；(4)新洁尔灭消毒液，一种对细菌有强力杀菌效果的季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂，具有较强的杀菌消毒作用，抗菌广谱，穿透力强，毒性低，作用快，刺激性甚微；(5)双氧水，被用于清洗伤口的同时需加用生理盐水冲洗，以防止双氧水残留于伤口而对新生肉芽组织产生细胞毒作用；(6)甲硝唑，用于厌氧菌伤口的清洗，使用抗凝血剂者慎用。尽管目前市面上伤口清洗剂种类较多，但是无法实现对放射性污染伤口的洗消处理。
目前，对于放射性污染的去污主要采用蒸馏水、无菌清水或生理盐水进行初步去污，对残留的放射性核素通常采用不同的去污剂。对于稀土元素、钚或超钚元素污染的伤口，采用弱酸性(pH＝3-5)的Ca-DTPA溶液冲洗；对于铀污染的伤口，采用1.4％重碳酸钠等渗液；对于难以去除的不明放射性核素污染的伤口则采用①5％次氯酸钠溶液；②乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)肥皂或DTPA肥皂；③6.5％高锰酸钾水溶液刷或浸泡污染部位后，再用新配制的5％亚硫酸氢钠溶液(或10％-20％盐酸羟胺溶液)刷洗脱色。但是这些方法对放射性伤口的洗消效率较低或只能针对某些特定元素，应用范围和环境适应性均有待提高。
中国专利申请CN109700826A公开了一种放射性核素污染洗消剂及其制备方法和应用，该洗消剂包含如下质量百分数的组分：EDTA·Na2：1.0％-20％、羧甲基壳聚糖：0.1％-0.4％、海藻酸钠：0.05％-0.3％、盐酸利多卡因：0.5％-2.0％，其余为纯水或磷酸缓冲液，pH值为6.9-7.0。该专利申请还提供了其制备方法：按比例精确称取EDTA-Na2、羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠及盐酸利多卡因，将EDTA-Na2在碱性条件下加热溶解，再将羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠溶解，再将两者混合，搅拌均匀，然后加入盐酸利多卡因溶液，采用HCl调节pH至6.7-6.9，搅拌溶解，定容。该专利申请所述洗消剂对多种放射性核素具有螯合吸附功能，无毒副作用，可作为低毒、高效的放射性核素污染洗消剂。但是，EDTA-Na2、羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠在水中的溶解度有限，低温下有固体析出，环境适应性较差。而且海藻酸钠和羧甲基壳聚糖共同使用时，会影响各自的溶解性，使两者的溶解度同时降低，同时提高溶液的黏度，降低洗消剂的流动性，造成伤口冲洗困难，存在大量放射性残留。而且该洗消剂含有大量的多糖，且为中性环境，不易长期放置存储，容易变质。
中国专利申请CN110483694A公开了一种放射性核素沾染去污的新型水凝胶、制备方法及应用，所述新型水凝胶按质量百分比计，包括以下组分：15.07％-48.65％丙烯酰胺、0.14％-0.47％海藻酸钠、0.04％-0.12％二乙基三胺五乙酸钙钠盐、0.03％-0.11％过硫酸铵和50％-85％水；其中，所述新型水凝胶通过高分子链段之间以及高分子与小分子间纯物理作用交联成三维网络结构，其中海藻酸钠、二乙基三胺五乙酸钙钠盐和过硫酸铵添加的含量过少，不构成化学上面的螯合吸附作用，是纯物理过滤作用，因此洗消效果较差。而且该专利申请需要将高分子组分制成水凝胶，产品的制备工艺复杂，主要是依靠丙烯酰胺水凝胶的三维网络结构和粘附效应吸附放射性核素，因为水凝胶的粘度较高，所以无法进入间距较小的缝隙进行放射性核素的吸附，而且吸附后的水凝胶也无法顺利地从缝隙中洗脱出来，造成整体的洗消效率较低，应用范围和环境适应性有待提高，且存储时间较短。
因此，利用开发一种能解决上述技术问题的核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足而提供一种洗消效率高、应用范围广、环境适应性强、存储时间长的核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的：
一种核素洗消液，由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠0.3-6％，辅助螯合剂0.1-5％，缓冲剂0.1-2％，吸附剂0.1-2％，表面活性剂1-10％，防腐剂0.1-1％，消泡剂0.1-1％，酸碱调节剂0.1-1％，稳定剂0.1-2％，水余量。
优选地，所述的核素洗消液由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠1-5％，辅助螯合剂1-4％，缓冲剂1-1.5％，吸附剂0.5-1％，表面活性剂3-8％，防腐剂0.1-1％，消泡剂0.5-1％，酸碱调节剂0.5-1％，稳定剂0.5-1.5％，水余量。
优选地，所述辅助螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠、焦磷酸钠、羟基亚乙基二膦酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸四钠和N-(2-羟乙基)乙二胺-N,N',N'-三乙酸中的至少两种。
更优选地，所述辅助螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的混合物。
更优选地，所述葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的质量比为3-5:1-3:1。
优选地，所述缓冲剂为柠檬酸钠、磷酸氢二钠和硅酸钠中的至少一种。
优选地，所述吸附剂为壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、丙烯酰胺和膨润土中的至少两种。
更优选地，所述吸附剂为壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的混合物。
更优选地，所述壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的质量比为0.5-2:1。
优选地，所述表面活性剂为烷基糖苷、烷基苯磺酸盐、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚、α-烯基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠中的至少两种。
更优选地，所述表面活性剂为烷基糖苷和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚的混合物。
更优选地，所述烷基糖苷和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚的质量比为1-3:1。
优选地，所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠中的至少一种。
优选地，所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂和聚醚型消泡剂的至少一种。
更优选地，所述消泡剂为聚醚改性聚硅氧烷消泡剂。
优选地，所述酸碱调节剂为酒石酸、碳酸钠、氯化铵、柠檬酸、草酸、醋酸、氢氧化钾、单乙醇胺、氢氧化钠和三乙醇胺中的至少一种。
更优选地，所述酸碱调节剂为柠檬酸或者三乙醇胺。
优选地，所述稳定剂为硼酸钠和尿素中的至少一种。
优选地，所述核素洗消液的pH为5-9。
更优选地，所述二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠和辅助螯合剂的质量比为2-8:1-10。
本发明还涉及上述核素洗消液的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与30-50％配方量的水混合，再加入表面活性剂，得A液；
(2)将吸附剂与10-20％配方量的水混合，再加入稳定剂，得B液；
(3)取剩余量的水，加入缓冲剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、酸碱调节剂，再依次加入A液和B液，即得。
优选地，所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与30-50％配方量的水混合，溶解至透明后再加入表面活性剂，表面活性剂溶解至透明后得A液；
(2)将吸附剂与10-20％配方量的水混合，加热至50-80℃，溶解至透明后再加入稳定剂，稳定剂溶解至透明后得B液；
(3)取剩余量的水，加入缓冲剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、酸碱调节剂，溶解至透明后，在100-300r/min搅拌条件下加入A液，A液溶解至透明后再加入B液继续溶解至透明，即得。
本发明还涉及上述的核素洗消液或上述的制备方法制备得到的核素洗消液在放射性核素污染洗消中的应用。
优选地，所述应用包括在放射性核素污染伤口洗消、人体皮肤表面的放射性核素污染洗消、物体表面的放射性核素污染洗消。
优选地，所述放射性核素为天然放射性元素、超铀元素、裂变元素和人工合成放射性元素中的至少一种。
更优选地，所述天然放射性元素包括天然放射性金属元素和非金属元素。
更优选地，所述天然放射性元素包括放射性铯、锶、钴、锰、镍、磷、氟、钋、氡、钫、镭、锕、钍、镤和铀中的至少一种。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明采用二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠作为主螯合剂，显著提高了洗消效率。另外，本发明通过添加辅助螯合剂，进一步提高了洗消效率。尤其是当辅助螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的混合物时，显著提高了对放射核素的螯合作用。
本发明的缓冲剂有利于将产品的pH值控制在5-9范围内，而且当缓冲剂为柠檬酸钠时，具有一定的防腐作用，有利于产品的长期保存，同时有利于提高螯合效率和螯合产物的冲洗。
本发明的吸附剂对放射核素具有很强的螯合吸附作用，尤其是当吸附剂为壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的混合物时，与二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂协同作用，洗消效率显著提高。
本发明的产品低温下不会析出固体，环境适应性强，可应用于低温低压，高温高湿，高温炽热等多种环境，在沙漠，海洋小岛，热带雨林，沿海城市，高原等地区均具有显著的洗消效果。
本发明的表面活性剂使得螯合后的产物不残留在皮肤或物体表面，易于冲洗，避免核素在皮肤或物体表面残留，从而提高洗消效率。
本发明添加防腐剂，有利于产品长期保存，稳定性好，且对人体无毒无害。
本发明洗消液的pH控制在5-9中性范围内即可发挥洗消作用，同时避免皮肤过敏，使用范围更广，目标群体更易接受，避免了洗消液的二次伤害风险。
本发明的洗消液制备方法简单，对多种核素均具有较强的洗消作用，应用范围广。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明，本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的，并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换，但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
一种核素洗消液，由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠0.3％，辅助螯合剂0.1％，硅酸钠0.1％，吸附剂0.1％，表面活性剂1％，山梨酸钾0.1％，
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂(购自烟台恒鑫化工科技有限公司)0.1％，酒石酸0.1％，硼酸钠0.1％，水余量。
所述辅助螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的混合物，三者质量比为3:1:1；
所述吸附剂为壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的混合物，两者质量比为0.5:1；
所述表面活性剂为烷基糖苷和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚的混合物，两者质量比为1:1。
核素洗消液的制备方法如下：
(1)将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与30％配方量的水混合，溶解至透明后再加入表面活性剂，表面活性剂溶解至透明后得A液；
(2)将吸附剂与10％配方量的水混合，加热至50℃，溶解至透明后再加入硼酸钠，硼酸钠溶解至透明后得B液；
(3)取剩余量的水，加入硅酸钠、山梨酸钾、
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂、酒石酸，溶解至透明后，在100r/min搅拌条件下加入A液，A液溶解至透明后再加入B液继续溶解至透明，即得。
实施例2
一种核素洗消液，由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠6％，辅助螯合剂5％，磷酸氢二钠2％，吸附剂2％，表面活性剂10％，苯甲酸钠1％，
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂1％，碳酸钠1％，尿素2％，水余量。
所述辅助螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的混合物，质量比为5:3:1；
所述吸附剂为壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的混合物，质量比为2:1；
所述表面活性剂为烷基糖苷和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚的混合物，质量比为3:1。
核素洗消液的制备方法如下：
(1)将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与50％配方量的水混合，溶解至透明后再加入表面活性剂，表面活性剂溶解至透明后得A液；
(2)将吸附剂与20％配方量的水混合，加热至80℃，溶解至透明后再加入尿素，尿素溶解至透明后得B液；
(3)取剩余量的水，加入磷酸氢二钠、苯甲酸钠、
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂、碳酸钠，溶解至透明后，在300r/min搅拌条件下加入A液，A液溶解至透明后再加入B液继续溶解至透明，即得。
实施例3
一种核素洗消液，由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠3％，辅助螯合剂2.5％，柠檬酸钠2％，吸附剂1％，表面活性剂5％，山梨酸钾0.5％，
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂1％，柠檬酸1％，硼酸钠1％，水余量。
所述辅助螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的混合物，三者质量比为4:2:1；
所述吸附剂为壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的混合物，两者质量比为1:1；
所述表面活性剂为烷基糖苷和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚的混合物，两者质量比为2:1。
核素洗消液的制备方法如下：
(1)将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与40％配方量的水混合，溶解至透明后再加入表面活性剂，表面活性剂溶解至透明后得A液；
(2)将吸附剂与15％配方量的水混合，加热至65℃，溶解至透明后再加入硼酸钠，硼酸钠溶解至透明后得B液；
(3)取剩余量的水，加入柠檬酸钠、山梨酸钾、
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂、柠檬酸，溶解至透明后，在200r/min搅拌条件下加入A液，A液溶解至透明后再加入B液继续溶解至透明，即得。
对比例1
与实施例3的区别仅在于二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠替换为等量的乙二胺四乙酸二钠，其余条件均相同。
对比例2
与实施例3的区别仅在于辅助螯合剂总量不变，葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的质量比为1:2:4，其余条件均相同。
对比例3
与实施例3的区别仅在于水的用量不变，不含有表面活性剂，其余组分用量成比例增加，其余条件均相同。核素洗消液的具体制备工艺如下：
(1)将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与40％配方量的水混合，溶解至透明后得A液；
(2)将吸附剂与15％配方量的水混合，加热至65℃，溶解至透明后再加入硼酸钠，硼酸钠溶解至透明后得B液；
(3)取剩余量的水，加入柠檬酸钠、山梨酸钾、
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂、柠檬酸，溶解至透明后，在200r/min搅拌条件下加入A液，A液溶解至透明后再加入B液继续溶解至透明，即得。
对比例4
与实施例3的区别仅在于表面活性剂的总量不变，仅含有烷基糖苷，其余条件均相同。
对比例5
与实施例3的区别仅在于吸附剂的总量不变，壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的质量比为1:3，其余条件均相同。
对比例6
与实施例3的区别仅在于制备过程中原料添加顺序不同，其余条件均相同。具体如下：
(1)将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与40％配方量的水混合，溶解至透明后再加入硼酸钠、柠檬酸钠、山梨酸钾、
X-278水性有机硅消泡剂、柠檬酸和45％的水，在200r/min搅拌条件下溶解至透明后得A液；
(2)将吸附剂与15％配方量的水混合，加热至65℃，溶解至透明后再加入表面活性剂，表面活性剂溶解至透明后得B液；
(3)A液中加入B液继续溶解至透明，即得。
测试例1
本发明的核素洗消液洗消实验方法具体如下。
1.试验目的
评定试验样品对动物表皮表面沾染的消除效果。
2.试验性质
环境试验。
3.试验依据
GJB2793-96战时参战人员的核辐射控制量；
GBZ/T 216-2009人体体表放射性核素污染处理规范；
GB/T 18197-2000放射性核素内污染人员医学处理规范；
GJB 6976-2010 2008-导弹推进剂及放射性损伤急救箱组规范。
4.试验样品
实施例1-3和对比例1-6的核素洗消液。
5.陪试品
①0.05mL污染猪皮的磷酸[a-32P]钠溶液(β污染)，活度为3.7×107Bq，衰变系数为0.958；稀释成不同体积活度，污染猪皮。
②CoMo-170α、β表面污染测量仪，出厂编号：8217检定证书编号：2019H21-20-2084912001；检定有效期至2020年10月09日，仪器检测方法参照GB/T14056.1-2008《表面污染测定第1部分β发射体和α发射体》。
a)本底值不大于1min-1；
b)对239Pu标准面源的α探测效率不低于20％，β探测效率不低于40％。
③FJD-01局部伤口洗消器，编号：0207001；
a)额定流量不小于1.5L/min；
b)额定喷射压力不小于0.2MPa；
c)洗消废液可自动回收。
6.试验条件
a)温度：20℃～25℃；
b)相对湿度：30％～70％；
c)气压：86kPa～103.5kPa。
7.表面污染仪本底测量
用黑色不透明的纸罩住表面污染仪的探头，开启设备电源，将功能设置为“本底测量”。测量固定为1min，读取设备的本底计数Sb。保持测量条件不变，连续测量10次，计算设备本底计数的平均值。
8.动物表皮(猪皮)表面本底测量
表面污染仪的探头与未被污染过动物表皮(猪皮)表面平行，源窗距控制在(5±1)mm，开启设备电源，将功能设置为“本底测量”。测量固定为1min，读取设备的本底计数Pb。保持测量条件不变，连续测量10次，计算动物表皮(猪皮)表面本底计数的平均值。
9.探测效率刻度
表面污染仪探头窗与239Pu标准面源表面平行，源窗距控制在(5±1)mm。开启设备电源，将功能设置β测量模式，测量时间固定为1min，读取测量数据。保持测量条件不变，连续测量10次。根据标准源的活度、源窗距和测量结果的平均值计算表面污染仪的探测效率。
10.额定流量
在额定电压、额定频率，且受试设备正常工作情况下，用量杯(或量筒)和秒表进行洗消液流量测试，每次工作时间不低于5min，测试五次，计算平均值为洗消液额定流量。
11.喷射压力
以控制面板的出水嘴作为测定点，串接上水压表及一个阀门。启动水泵工作，关闭阀门5s时，水压表显示的压力为绝对压力；打开阀门水喷射出时水压表显示的压力值为喷射压力。测量五次，计算平均值为洗消液的喷射压力。
12.试验步骤
试验准备：
①本试验以动物表皮为试验对象。
②试验前，先检查受试设备正常工作时，喷洒在洗消对象表面的洗消液能否自动回收、洗消液是否扩散到刷头以外的区域。符合条件后才能进行去污效率试验。
③在容积为1L的容量瓶中放入1L蒸馏水，将装有0.05mL磷酸[a-32P]钠溶液的离心瓶打开放入蒸馏水中，上下震荡，使其充分溶解。分别取10mL、2mL、1mL、0.5mL装入试管，加蒸馏水至10mL。采购当天没有考虑衰变的计算结果，即0.27mL溶液对应的活度分别为10000Bq、2000Bq、1000Bq、500Bq。
④在猪皮上画出3.3cm×3cm(10cm2)的长方形，共135块。
试验实施：
①首先测量未被污染过的动物表皮(猪皮)表面的本底计数(SB)。②在动物表皮(猪皮)表面划定10cm2的试验区域，用移液器在一试管中取0.27mL预处理过的磷酸[a-32P]钠溶液(即32P)滴在猪皮上的长方形中，涂抹展匀，根据32P衰变与实验日期进行计算，体积活度分别为7.4x106 Bq/L、1.48x107 Bq/L、7.4x107Bq/L、1.48x108Bq/L。在同一平行高度(5±1)mm用表面污染检测仪测量去污前试验动物表皮(猪皮)表面沾染值，测量时间固定为1min，读取表面污染监测仪测量的测量值(Na)。保持测量条件不变，连续测量10次。
③在FJD-01局部伤口洗消器中加入核素洗消液，1min后用FJD-01局部伤口洗消器进行洗消，洗消用时1min，再在同一平行高度(5±1)mm用表面污染检测仪测量动物表皮(猪皮)洗消去污后表面测量值(Nb)；测量时间固定为1min，读取测量数据cps(s-1),保持测量条件不变，连续测量10次。
④每种洗消液按以上方法洗消每种浓度值的猪皮各3块，即每种洗消液各洗消15块。另用清水按以上方法洗消一种对应浓度值的猪皮各3块，共洗消3块。每组数据重复测10次，取平均值。
⑤按公式(1)计算洗消效率。
式中：
DR——为洗消效率，％；
Na——为去污前试验动物表皮(猪皮)的放射性测量值，cps(s-1)；
Nb——为去污后试验动物表皮(猪皮)的放射性测量值，cps(s-1)；
Pb——为动物表皮(猪皮)表面的本底计数，cps(s-1)。
13.试验结果
实施例1的测试结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1核素洗消液32P洗消实验测量结果
实施例1-3和对比例1-6，用已知活度浓度的磷酸[a-32P]钠溶液(32P)核素污染猪皮，对污染后的猪皮进行洗消，测试洗消效果如表2所示。
表2实施例1-3和对比例1-6核素洗消液洗消实验测量结果
上述详细说明是针对本发明其中之一可行实施例的具体说明，该实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更，均应包含于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种核素洗消液，其特征在于，由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠0.3-6%，辅助螯合剂0.1-5%，缓冲剂0.1-2%，吸附剂0.1-2%，表面活性剂1-10%，防腐剂0.1-1%，消泡剂0.1-1%，酸碱调节剂0.1-1%，稳定剂0.1-2%，水余量；
所述辅助螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的混合物；所述吸附剂为壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的混合物；所述表面活性剂为烷基糖苷和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚的混合物；所述稳定剂为硼酸钠或尿素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的核素洗消液，其特征在于，由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠1-5%，辅助螯合剂1-4%，缓冲剂1-1.5%，吸附剂0.5-1%，表面活性剂3-8%，防腐剂0.1-1%，消泡剂0.5-1%，酸碱调节剂0.5-1%，稳定剂0.5-1.5%，水余量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的核素洗消液，其特征在于，所述缓冲剂为柠檬酸钠、磷酸氢二钠和硅酸钠中的至少一种；所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠中的至少一种；所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂和聚醚型消泡剂的至少一种；所述酸碱调节剂为酒石酸、碳酸钠、氯化铵、柠檬酸、草酸、醋酸、氢氧化钾、单乙醇胺、氢氧化钠和三乙醇胺中的至少一种；所述核素洗消液的pH为5-9。
4.根据权利要求3所述的核素洗消液，其特征在于，所述葡萄糖酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和羟基亚乙基二膦酸的质量比为3-5:1-3:1；所述壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的质量比为0.5-2:1；所述烷基糖苷和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚的质量比为1-3:1。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的核素洗消液的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与30-50%配方量的水混合，再加入表面活性剂，得A液；
（2）将吸附剂与10-20%配方量的水混合，再加入稳定剂，得B液；
（3）取剩余量的水，加入缓冲剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、酸碱调节剂，再依次加入A液和B液，即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠、辅助螯合剂与30-50%配方量的水混合，溶解至透明后再加入表面活性剂，表面活性剂溶解至透明后得A液；
（2）将吸附剂与10-20%配方量的水混合，加热至50-80℃，溶解至透明后再加入稳定剂，稳定剂溶解至透明后得B液；
（3）取剩余量的水，加入缓冲剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、酸碱调节剂，溶解至透明后，在100-300r/min搅拌条件下加入A液，A液溶解至透明后再加入B液继续溶解至透明，即得。
7.权利要求1-4任一项所述的核素洗消液或权利要求5-6任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的核素洗消液在制备放射性核素污染洗消液中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述应用包括在制备用于放射性核素污染伤口洗消、人体皮肤表面的放射性核素污染洗消、物体表面的放射性核素污染洗消的放射性核素污染洗消液中的应用。
9.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述放射性核素为天然放射性元素、超铀元素、裂变元素和人工合成放射性元素中的至少一种。
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