CN1118617A - 用n,n-二烷基酰胺减少原油中沥青的沉淀 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一个用于减少、最好是防止原油中沥青沉淀的方法。一方面,原油在钻孔中与至少一种具有8—22碳原子脂肪酸的N,N-二烷基酰胺接触。另一方面,,在EOR方法的混相驱动操作过程中,通过加入至少一种具有8—22碳原子脂肪酸的N,N-二烷基酰胺驱动溶剂来减少沥青的沉淀。
Description
本发明涉及用于减少,最好是阻止原油中沥青沉淀的方法。
从含油岩层中生产石油烃的一次开采通常是通过钻入或钻过含油层进行的。然后,石油流入钻孔中,再从钻孔抽至地面而被采收。在多数地层中,一次采收或一次生产只能采收地层中不多于25-30%的石油。正开发的一些技术可使从这些地层中采收到额外的石油。总称为二次采油技术或提高采收率法采油(以下简称EOR)技术。这些方法可显著提高生产率。在一些实例中,已获得高达60-65%的采收率。
当需用EOR方法时,油田里的一些井被指定为注入井,将一种流体诸如水、溶剂或一种气体压注入这些井中,其压力应足以将残留石油压出地层至保留的生产井中,然后将其抽至地面。这一方法被称为“注采(flooding)”。在注采方法中当使用的是诸如液化天然气或液化CO2液体时,这一方法被称为“混相驱动”。
一次采油和提高采收率法采油中遇到的一个严重问题是沥青烯和与其相关的固态成分(统称为沥青)在含油层内和在生产井中的沉淀。由于实际上所有原油中都含有一定数量的以溶解状态或以胶体弥散状态存在的沥青,因而实际上所有油田都遇到至少一种形式的这一问题。
只要石油保持在其地质贮区周围的条件下,沥青根据情况保持溶解状态或悬浮状态。然而,那些条件的改变可导致有害的沉淀。因而,在EOR操作中,当原油与混相驱动溶液接触时,在含油层内常常发生沥青的沉淀。更经常的是当石油遇到较低的环境温度/压力条件时,在井中有沉淀发生。两个中任一地方的沉淀可因需要清理而导致井中生产的中断,代价昂贵。
沉淀沥青的清理工作通常是通过机械的或化学的清理方法,或通过操纵贮区条件(如压力或采收率)完成的。迄今为止的方法全属于修补类型,并且全部需要油井或油层有一段时间不能投入生产。因而,急需一种可阻止沥青沉淀的方法。
本发明的目的是提供一种可阻止或至少减少原油中沥青沉淀的方法。
本发明提供了一个当原油处于不同于其地质贮区的条件下、减少原油中沥青沉淀的方法,该方法包括将该原油与有效量的、式I表示的至少一种化合物接触
R3C(O)-N(R1)(R2) (I)其中,R1表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;R2表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;和R3C(O)-表示取代的或未取代的8-22碳原子的脂肪酸残基。
本发明的一个方面是提供了一个改良的提高采收率法采油的方法,该方法包括:
将一种从液化天然气和液化二氧化碳中选出的混相驱动溶剂、通过注入井注入含油地层中,其中,该溶剂包含至少一种式I所示的化合物
R3C(O)-N(R1)(R2) (I)式中,R1表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;R2表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;和R3C(O)-表示取代的或未取代的8-22碳原子的脂肪酸残基,注入的量使其能将在驱动溶剂存在下原油中的沥青开始沉淀的压力,增加至大于该油层中的环境地质压力。
本发明的另一方面提供了一个在生产井中减少原油中沥青沉淀的方法,该方法包括,当沥青仍稳定地溶解于或悬浮于原油中时,向该井中的原油内加入一定量的至少一种式I所示的化合物
R3C(O)-N(R1)(R2) (I)其中,R1表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;R2表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;和R3C(O)-表示取代的或未取代的8-22碳原子的脂肪酸残基,使其足以将沥青开始从所说原油中沉淀的温度,降低至低于该原油将在井口遇到的温度。
对本发明描述中的一部分将参照附图进行,其中:
图1是一个用于确定在混相驱动溶剂存在下或在钻孔中,沥青从原油样品中发生沉淀时的压力和温度的设备示意图。
由上文限定的式I所示的用于本发明方法的化合物为已知N,N-二烷基酰胺。式I所示化合物的二烷基部分可以相同、也可不同,并且最好为1至3个碳原子的烷基,更优选为甲基。
上文限定的化合物I的脂肪酸残基,R3C(O)-,可以是存在于植物油中的取代的或未取代的脂肪酸残基。该植物油可选自妥尔油、棕榈油、豆油、棉子油、椰子油、玉米油、花生油、卡诺拉油(canola oid)、红花油、葵花油、巴西棕榈油、蓖麻油、亚麻子油、橄榄油、和桐油。在优选方案中,植物油可从妥尔油、棕榈油和豆油中选择。
总的来说,任一种具有8-22碳原子羧酸的二烷基酰胺均可用于本发明的方法。使用的二烷基酰胺最好是基于18个碳原子的羧酸,如硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和蓖麻油酸,最优选油酸。特别优选的二烷基酰胺是N,N-二甲基油酸酰胺。
如上文限定的植物油酰胺是通过植物油与适当的胺反应而制备的。例如,妥尔油的二甲基酰胺(DMATO)是由妥尔油脂肪酸(TOFA)与二甲基胺(R1=R2=甲基)反应来制备的。同样方法,制备出豆油的二甲基酰胺(DMASO)和棕榈油的二甲基酰胺(DMAPO)。这样,制备出每一组分脂肪酸的二甲基酰胺。
一般来说,通过在提高的温度和压力下将脂肪酸和适当的胺相结合,可制备出上文限定的式I所示的化合物。例如,制备DMATO时,将TOFA(妥尔油脂肪酸)(1.0摩尔)与稍微过量的二甲基胺(1.1摩尔)混合。在使用其它植物油(豆油、棕榈油)时,其中的脂肪酸以甘油三脂的形式存在(3脂肪酸/甘油三脂),1.0摩尔的油应与3.3摩尔的二甲基胺混合。将这些混合物在一封闭容器内,在不超过100磅/平方英寸的压力下,慢慢加热至170℃。将该反应在此条件下保持8小时。随后的分析表明,这一反应过程可将至少95%的脂肪酸成分进行酰胺化。在制备DMATO时,多余的胺被从反应产生的水形成的水相中除去。若使用的是甘油三脂,多余的胺存在于反应后除去的甘油相中。
含有常规添加剂诸如表面活性剂、乳化剂或分散剂的N,N-二烷基酰胺的配方也可用于本发明的方法。MFE2400产品是一种优选的N,N-二烷基酰胺配方,由加拿大魁北克省Vaudreuil的BuckmanLaboratories Ltd.公司出售。MFE2400产品含有90.1%DMATO和9.9%TDET99产品,一种可从如田纳西州,Memphis的HarcrossChemicals Incorporated公司获得的乙氧化十二烷基酚。
用于混相驱动方法的液化天然气是一种易得的、主要包括C1-C4烃类的低分子量气体的液化混合物。该物质与大多数(如果不是全部的话)原油具有很强的互溶性。然而,原油中含有的沥青在大部分含油层的贮区条件下并不溶于该天然气中。结果,当天然气与原油相接触时,沥青就发生沉淀,并凝集为绒毛状,常常导致含油层中孔隙的堵塞。通过加入有效剂量的上述式I的N,N-二烷基酰胺化合物,可减少以至防止这类沉淀和絮凝现象的发生。
适用于本发明的另一种混相驱动流体是液体二氧化碳(CO2)。在液体CO2存在下,原油中的沥青同样发生沉淀并凝集为绒毛状。本文指定的由式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺,对减少以至防止以液化CO2为驱动流体时这类沉淀和絮凝现象的发生同样有效。
在驱动液体存在下沥青的沉淀和絮凝好象是一个与压力有关的现象。也就是说,当含有沥青的原油与混相驱动液体相接触时,在相对较低的压力下,就有可能发生沥青的沉淀。这一压力常常低于地层内的周围的地质压力。在这类情况下,地层中就可能发生沥青的沉淀和絮凝,并导致注入井和生产井之间地层的堵塞。
根据本发明的第一方面,将式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺加入驱动溶剂中可提高混相驱动操作期间沥青沉淀和絮凝的压力。式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺的有效量定义为:在所处理的含油层内,可以将沥青开始沉淀时的压力提高至大于周围的地质压力时的需要量。
式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺的有效量常为该驱动溶剂体积的约1-5%(体积),最好为约1-3%。
式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺除可用作沉淀阻止剂外,当使用液化CO2为混相驱动溶剂时,还可用作增粘剂。在130℃和4100磅/平方英寸条件下,N,N-二烷基酰胺使液体CO2的粘度增加约60%。这一粘度的增加可改善液体CO2注入操作的流度比,使原油穿过地层的流动具有更多的均一性,更少的“指进(fingering)”现象,从而获得更好的采收率。
周围压力、相对于石油的溶剂的浓度和N,N-二烷基酰胺的效果之间关系的确定是使用图1所示的设备进行的。待测石油和含有N,N-二烷基酰胺的溶剂被分别贮于原料筒1和2,贮存的温度和压力条件是使它们保持单一相。容积式泵3通过水-汞柱塞1′和2′向原料筒1和2加压,柱塞1′和2′充当通过共用传输管4和集合管5传送石油和溶剂的活塞,石油和溶剂以预定的比率被传送至观察筒6。
在观测筒6中,也是通过汞柱塞6′将石油和溶剂的混合物加压至饱和压力(下文简称Psat),从而可以观测观测筒中Psat条件下沉淀发生(如果有的话)的程度。Psat是通过将观测筒6中的压力调整至开始产生气相时的压力来确定的。
将石油/溶剂混合物从观测室6中通过集合管5抽至激光室7,在激光室中,沉淀是通过激光束透射率进行测定的。激光室可用垫片调整来得到从0.5mm至1.0mm的流道。激光源为氦/氖激光源,在流道的另一端装有一个光电二极管检测装置。激光透射率的测量单位是毫伏。由于透明的溶剂可降低原油的光密度,随着混相驱动溶剂浓度的增加,透射率也增加。当达到起始沉淀压力时,由于石油中溶剂相的出现而使石油/溶剂混合物变得混浊,透射率开始下降。
该混合物从激光室7中流入收集室8中,被贮存起来或被处理掉。
本发明的这一部分内容将通过下述实施例给予说明,其目的是支持下文提出的权利要求,而不是限定本发明的内容。
实施例1
将一种从具有130℃温度和4100磅/平方英寸压力的地层中采收的、已知易于发生沥青沉淀的原油,通过与事先从该地层中采收的、已由分离器分离的商品气和商品油混合,进行重新构成。该原油在130℃呈现的饱和压力为3650磅/平方英寸。使用上文所述仪器,将该原油与不同摩尔百分比的液体天然气驱动溶剂接触。该溶剂的大概组成示于表1。
表1
组分 摩尔百分比
N2 0.0106
甲烷 0.6724
乙烷 0.0706
丙烷 0.0887
异丁烷 0.0527
正丁烷 0.1050
复合分子量 26.28
为显示发生沥青沉淀的压力的增加情况,将该重新构成原油分别与含有约4.5%(体积)MFE2400的液体天然气驱动溶剂和不含有MFE2400的驱动溶剂相接触。这一结果和驱动溶剂中没有加入MFE2400的对照的结果列于表2。对原油没有与驱动溶剂接触时的情况也进行了观测。
当激光透射率停止上升并实际上由于石油中固态物质的出现而开始下降时,沥青的沉淀被认为已经开始了。该固态物质并不总是可用肉眼看到、但用激光可容易地检测到。
表2溶剂的摩 MFE Psat 激光透射率 观测结果尔百分比 2400
0 否 3650 1.730 透明
15 否 3950 1.745 透明
35 否 4225 1.786 透明
46.3 否 4300 1.803 透明
57.9 否 4300 1.776 有固态物
64.5 否 1.723 有固态物
15 是 3935 1.881 透明
25 是 4116 1.907 透明
44.5 是 4820 1.952 透明
48.1 是 4390 1.970 透明
57.6 是 4466 2.016 有固态物
64.1 是 4430 1.952 有固态物
81.0 是 4180 1.800 有固态物
表中的数据显示,当有MFE2400存在时,沉淀发生时的压力和驱动溶剂的浓度都增加了。
实施例2
用相同的原油,以实施例1相似的方法进行评估。其中,使用液体二氧化碳作为驱动溶剂,其中含有和不含有MFE2400。在进行含有MFE2400的操作时,MFE2400的用量在3%(体积)的水平。
结果列于表3。
表3溶剂的摩 MFE Psat 激光透射率 观测结果尔百分比 2400
0 否 3335 1.569 透明
20 否 3600 1.630 透明
31.8 否 3725 1.659 透明
46.3 否 3910 1.748 透明
60.1 否 4030 1.330 有固态物
68.1 否 4220 1.276 有固态物
30 是 3810 1.509 透明
47.5 是 3900 1.496 透明
58.7 是 4010 1.481 透明
70.0 是 4150 1.428 透明
75.9 是 4800 - 有一些固态物
90.5 是 4423 - 有固态物
本发明的第二方面是用N,N-二烷基酰胺防止钻孔中沥青的沉淀。
在本发明的这一部分内容中,沉淀是一个与温度相关的问题。钻孔中某些地方沉淀的发生是由贮区和井口之间存在的温度梯度造成的。井口的环境温度足以保持沥青的溶解状态或悬浮状态的情况非常少见。因而,钻孔中的沉淀问题几乎是一个普遍存在的问题。多数油井需要定期停产,常常频繁到每周都需要清理。
在为防止钻孔中沥青沉淀的操作中,最好将式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺注入钻孔下端中温度足以阻止沉淀的发生处的石油中。式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺在混相驱动操作中减少以至防止沉淀的有效量在此定义为:在井口温度条件下,足以减少以至防止沥青的沉淀的使用量。总之,有效量约为被抽石油的体积的0.5-7%(体积)。
用于本发明这一方面内容的是同属式I所示的N,N-二烷基酰胺。优选的N,N-二烷基酰胺是那些基于具有18个碳原子羧酸诸如硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和蓖麻酸的N,N-二烷基酰胺。特别优选的N,N-二烷基酰胺是N,N-二甲基油酸酰胺。
Claims (11)
1、一个用于减少当处于不同于其地质贮区条件时易于发生沥青沉淀的原油中沥青沉淀的方法,该方法包括,将该原油与至少一种有效剂量的式I所示的化合物接触
R3C(O)-N(R1)(R2) (I)其中,R1表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;R2表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;和R3C(O)-表示取代的或未取代的8-22碳原子的脂肪酸残基。
2、一个提高采油率法采油的方法,包括:将一种从液体天然气和液体二氧化碳中选出的混相驱动溶剂通过注入井灌入含油地层,其中,该溶剂包含至少一种式I所示的化合物
R3C(O)-N(R1)(R2) (I)其中,R1表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;R2表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;和R3C(O)-表示取代的或未取代的8-22碳原子的脂肪酸残基,注入的量为能有效地将在该驱动溶剂存在下原油中的沥青开始沉淀的压力增加至大于油层周围的地质压力。
3、根据权利要求2的方法,其中,式I所示的所述化合物的量约为驱动溶剂体积的1-5%(体积)。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其中,式I所示的所述化合物是DMATO。
5、根据权利要求3的方法,其中,该驱动溶剂为液体天然气。
6、根据权利要求5的方法,其中,式I所示的所述化合物为DMATO。
7、根据权利要求3的方法,其中,该驱动溶剂为液体二氧化碳。
8、根据权利要求7的方法,其中,式I所示的所述化合物为DMATO。
9、一个在采油钻孔中减少原油中沥青沉淀的方法,该方法包括,在沥青仍稳定地溶解于或悬浮于原油中的地方,向钻孔中的原油内加入至少一种式I所示的化合物
R3C(O)-N(R1)(R2) (I)其中,R1表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;R2表示取代的或未取代的C1-C6烷基;和R3C(O)-表示取代的或未取代的8-22碳原子的脂肪酸残基,其加入量使其足以将沥青开始从所说原油中沉淀的温度,降低至低于该原油将在井口遇到的温度。
10、根据权利要求9的方法,其中,式I所示的所述化合物的量约为被采原油体积的0.5-7%(体积)。
11、根据权利要求9的方法,其中,式I所示的所述化合物是DMATO。
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US4773484A (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-09-27 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Enhanced oil recovery process with reduced gas drive mobility |
US4945989A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1990-08-07 | Chevron Research Company | Polymer containing pendant tertiary alkyl amine groups useful in enhanced oil recovery using CO2 flooding |
JPH085780B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-28 | 1996-01-24 | 呉羽化学工業株式会社 | 変形性関節症治療剤 |
DE4143056A1 (de) * | 1991-12-30 | 1993-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter inhibitoren gegen die ausbildung fester inkrustationen auf organischer basis aus fliessfaehigen kohlenwasserstoffgemischen |
-
1993
- 1993-02-08 US US08/014,724 patent/US5388644A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-02-04 NZ NZ328010A patent/NZ328010A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-04 WO PCT/US1994/000939 patent/WO1994018430A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-04 ES ES94907333T patent/ES2145127T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-04 PT PT94907333T patent/PT681640E/pt unknown
- 1994-02-04 CZ CZ951896A patent/CZ189695A3/cs unknown
- 1994-02-04 JP JP6518095A patent/JPH08510481A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1994-02-04 DK DK94907333T patent/DK0681640T3/da active
- 1994-02-04 AT AT94907333T patent/ATE191769T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-04 CA CA002155512A patent/CA2155512C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-04 DE DE69423958T patent/DE69423958T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-04 EP EP94907333A patent/EP0681640B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-04 AU AU60966/94A patent/AU685423B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-02-04 CN CN94191107A patent/CN1042254C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-04 SG SG1996000105A patent/SG76446A1/en unknown
- 1994-02-04 SK SK963-95A patent/SK96395A3/sk unknown
- 1994-02-04 BR BR9405773A patent/BR9405773A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-08-07 NO NO953088A patent/NO953088L/no unknown
- 1995-08-07 FI FI953745A patent/FI953745A0/fi unknown
-
2000
- 2000-07-05 GR GR20000401576T patent/GR3033891T3/el unknown
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103004756A (zh) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-03 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | 农药溶剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN103004756B (zh) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-04-22 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | 农药溶剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114656334A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种酚醛低聚物及其制备方法以及沥青质沉积抑制剂组合物 |
CN114656334B (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2024-04-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种酚醛低聚物及其制备方法以及沥青质沉积抑制剂组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SK96395A3 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
FI953745A (fi) | 1995-08-07 |
GR3033891T3 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
CZ189695A3 (en) | 1996-02-14 |
DK0681640T3 (da) | 2000-07-03 |
DE69423958D1 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
BR9405773A (pt) | 1995-11-28 |
AU685423B2 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
AU6096694A (en) | 1994-08-29 |
SG76446A1 (en) | 2000-11-21 |
CA2155512C (en) | 2001-08-14 |
EP0681640B1 (en) | 2000-04-12 |
JPH08510481A (ja) | 1996-11-05 |
DE69423958T2 (de) | 2000-07-27 |
US5388644A (en) | 1995-02-14 |
FI953745A0 (fi) | 1995-08-07 |
ATE191769T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
CN1042254C (zh) | 1999-02-24 |
PT681640E (pt) | 2000-08-31 |
CA2155512A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
EP0681640A1 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
NO953088D0 (no) | 1995-08-07 |
ES2145127T3 (es) | 2000-07-01 |
NZ328010A (en) | 1998-10-28 |
NO953088L (no) | 1995-08-07 |
WO1994018430A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
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