CN111850369A - WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料机械合金化的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种WC‑6Ni‑石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料机械合金化的制备方法，WC‑6Ni‑石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料主要由WC、Ni和C组成。制备方法为机械合金化和微波烧结，按照一定摩尔比将WC粉、Ni粉和C粉，加入球磨罐中，球磨介质为酒精，球磨一定时间后取出，并烘干、过筛以及造粒后使用一定压力的冷压成型和冷等静压。将压制好的胚体置于微波炉中烧结，采用一定的升温速率使得胚体达到一定温度后保温，烧结完毕后随炉冷却。本发明制备的WC‑6Ni‑石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料是具有WC、Ni和C三种相，WC‑Ni合金具有抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性；加入石墨C的目的是起润滑作用，本发明制备过程中无污染，低能耗，不仅能够应用于高速刀具的制造，且具有较高的硬度和较好的耐腐蚀性，应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域，提供了一种WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料机械合金化的制备方法。
技术背景
机械加工技术作为制造业中较为重要的环节，直接影响着机械制造业产品的质量，伴随着全球环保意识的加强，机械加工也逐渐朝着绿色制造工艺的方向发展，逐步摒弃切削液的使用而转为干切削加工，虽然干切削具有无污染、易于回收等特性，但是在停止切削液使用条件下，刀具的磨损加剧、使用寿命降低，因此，有必要开发具有减摩和润滑功能的自润滑刀具材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：通过机械合金化形成WC-Ni-石墨微纳米复合粉，一方面利用细晶强化来提高合金的力学性能，另一方面可以活化表面，易于在烧结过程制备致密性良好的合金块体，本专利的WC-Ni-石墨润滑硬质刀具材料，具有高硬度、高耐磨和耐腐蚀等特点。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料机械合金化的制备方法，采用机械合金化和微波烧结制备了WC-Ni-石墨合金块体，其物相为WC、Ni和石墨，包括以下步骤，
(1)将一定摩尔比的WC粉、Ni粉和石墨球混合，然后球磨得到均匀混合的粉体；
(2)将均匀混合好的粉体干燥、过筛和造粒后压制成坯体；
(3)在保护气氛下，采用微波烧结炉加热至一定温度并保温一定时间，对胚体进行烧结；
本发明涉及WC-Ni-石墨润滑硬质刀具材料的制备方法，WC的质量百分比分别为93.2％，Ni的质量百分比为6％，石墨的质量百分比为0.8％。
本发明在制备WC-Ni-石墨润滑硬质刀具材料合金时，球磨时间为12～24h，冷等静压压力为100～300MPa。
本发明在原位制备WC-Ni-石墨润滑硬质刀具材料时，烧结设备为微波烧结炉。
本发明在制备WC-Ni-石墨润滑硬质刀具材料时，升温速率为5～20℃/min，烧结温度为1400℃，保温时间为15min，烧结气氛为真空或氩气气氛。
本发明在制备WC-Ni-石墨润滑硬质刀具材料时，采用机械合金化和微波烧结法制备相组成为WC、Ni和石墨的硬质刀具材料。
本发明选取具有自润滑作用的WC-6Ni-石墨硬质刀具材料，通过添加石墨润滑相的方法，考察了机械合金化和微波烧结WC-6Ni-石墨硬质刀具材料的显微组织、力学性能、磨损形貌和耐腐蚀性能变化规律。
本发明采用机械合金化和微波烧结法制备WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料，Ni对WC有良好的润湿性，且镍具有好的抗腐蚀性和抗氧化性，可取代Co，但WC-Ni硬质合金比WC-Co硬质合金力学性能差，主要原因有：Ni本身的硬度与机械强度低于Co；室温时，面心立方晶系的Ni比密排六方晶系的Co有更多的滑移系数和更好的塑性。因此Ni粉易发生塑性变形，变为大尺寸的镍聚集体，在烧结过程中可形成“镍池”缺陷，造成WC-Ni系硬质合金强度不足。基于上述原因,本发明在WC-6Ni中加入C，从而有效提高WC-Ni合金的硬度和耐磨性，满足一定的减摩和力学性能要求。
与其他技术相比，本发明的突出优势为：
(1)采用机械合金化和微波烧结技术，降低了成本，无污染。
(2)在烧结过程中形成的WC-Ni-石墨合金的相组成为WC、Ni和石墨，均匀分布于WC基体的Ni和石墨的纳米颗粒，形成了WC、Ni和石墨复合结构，制备的包含Ni和石墨的纳米颗粒的自润滑硬质刀具材料，可保证其具有较高的硬度、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性。
附图说明
图1为微波烧结制备的WC-6Ni-0.8％C硬质合金试样XRD图；
图2为实施例1中微波烧结制备的WC-6Ni-0.8％C硬质合金试样表面SEM图；
图3为实施例1中微波烧结制备的WC-6Ni-0.8％C硬质合金试样断口SEM图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例和附图更为详细的说明本发明，但下面具体描述内容仅为示例性而非限制性，实施例中描述的技术特征或技术特征的组合不应当被认为是孤立的，他们可以被相互组合从而达到更好的技术特征。
实施例1
WC-Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料制备：将原料粉WC、Ni分别粉末按照93.2wt％、6wt％进行称量配粉和石墨球(磨下的量为0.8wt％)在20ml酒精球磨介质球磨，使用高能球磨机球磨12h，150r/min，最后混合粉体总量设为20g。之后使用100℃干燥箱干燥，将混合材料过200目筛子后进行研磨造粒，使用
不锈钢磨具，20MPa压力将材料压制成型后再经冷等静压使用200MPa压力保压3min，之后将胚体放置微波烧结炉中烧结，烧结过程通入Ar气体保护，升温速率10℃/min，加热至1400℃保温15min后炉冷取出，使用金刚石沙盘磨去除表面烧损层与氧化层。
WC-6Ni-0.8％C硬质合金试样XRD图如图1，WC-6Ni-0.8％C硬质合金试样的SEM图如图2，WC-6Ni-0.8％C硬质合金试样摩擦磨损图如图3。
本文虽然给出了本发明的实施例，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本发明精神的情况下，可以对本文的实施例进行改变。上述实施例只是示例性的，不应以本文的实施例作为本发明权利范围得到限定。
Claims (5)
1.WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料机械合金化的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
1)将一定量WC粉、Ni粉和石墨球在球磨罐中均匀混合，球磨介质为水或酒精，采用球磨混料；
2)将步骤1)所得混合粉末烘干、过筛以及造粒后使用一定压力的冷等静压冷压成型；
3)将压制好的胚体置于微波烧结炉中，通过一定的升温速率使得胚体达到一定温度后保温。
4)经上述步骤，可得到WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料的机械合金化和微波烧结的制备方法。其特征在于，加入WC的质量百分比分别为93.2％，Ni和质量百分比为6％，石墨的质量百分比为0.8％。
3.如权利要求1所述的WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料的机械合金化方法，其特征在于：球磨时间为12～24h，冷等静压压力为100～300MPa。
4.如权利要求1所述的WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料的微波烧结制备方法，其特征在于：烧结设备为微波烧结炉。
5.如权利要求1所述的WC-6Ni-石墨自润滑硬质刀具材料的微波烧结方法，其特征在于：升温速率为5～20℃/min，烧结温度为1400℃，保温时间为15min，烧结气氛为真空或氩气气氛。
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