CN111845687A - 车辆液压制动系统的能机电式驱动的制动压力产生器及包括其的车辆 - Google Patents

车辆液压制动系统的能机电式驱动的制动压力产生器及包括其的车辆 Download PDF

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CN111845687A
CN111845687A CN202010333887.1A CN202010333887A CN111845687A CN 111845687 A CN111845687 A CN 111845687A CN 202010333887 A CN202010333887 A CN 202010333887A CN 111845687 A CN111845687 A CN 111845687A
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brake pressure
pressure generator
piston
electric motor
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M.伯姆
C.奥厄勒
M.格赖纳
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/02—Arrangements of pumps or compressors, or control devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/745—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
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    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/746—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive and mechanical transmission of the braking action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/215—Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆的液压制动系统的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其具有电马达单元（1），能够通过电子控制单元（2）按照待施加的制动压力操控所述电马达单元，具有输出侧的芯轴传动器单元（4）的减速式传动器单元（3）将所述电马达单元的由此产生的旋转运动（a）转化为平移运动（b）用以操纵液压的活塞/缸单元（5）的活塞（9），其中，所述活塞/缸单元（5）的液压块（6）也至少部分地这样容纳所述电马达单元（1），使得所述电马达单元（1）的至少主要在所述液压块（6）的区域中伸展的马达轴（7）与所述活塞/缸单元（5）的在所述液压块（6）中能够运动的活塞（9）的纵轴线（8）轴向平行地布置。

Description

车辆液压制动系统的能机电式驱动的制动压力产生器及包括 其的车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分的特征的用于车辆的液压制动系统的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器以及一种根据权利要求10的特征的包括机电式制动压力产生器的车辆。所述机电式制动压力产生器配备有电马达单元，能够通过电子控制单元按照待施加的制动压力操控所述电马达单元，具有输出侧的芯轴传动器单元的减速式传动器单元将所述电马达单元的由此产生的旋转运动转化为平移运动用以操纵液压的活塞/缸单元的活塞。
机动车的未来的驱动概念需要替代的制动力积聚设备，因为低压不再提供用于驱动传统的真空制动力增强器。为此开发在这里关心的机电式制动压力产生器。
在这里关心的类型的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器中，借助于电动机或者别的适合的电驱动器产生在所述活塞/缸单元处的制动压力。这样的制动压力产生器能够不仅用于提供辅助力，还能够在所谓的线控制动系统中用于单独地产生制动操纵力。因此，机电式制动压力产生器尤其是在自动驾驶方面是有利的。
背景技术
根据针对这样的机电式制动压力产生器的公知的现有技术，在操纵制动踏板时，输入杆相对于液压制动缸单元的活塞运动。这个行程差通过电子踏板行程传感器测量并且传送给电子控制单元。所述控制单元计算用于电驱动马达的对应的操控信号。通过多级齿轮传动器将马达扭矩转化为用于驾驶员的支撑力。由这个增强器提供的力在液压的活塞/缸单元中转化为用于制动的液压压力。在此，机电式制动压力产生器提供制动感觉，该制动感觉类同于传统的真空制动力产生器。因此，所述制动感觉能够通过所述电子控制单元经由软件适配于车辆的品牌特定的特性。
由WO 2017/045804 A1得知根据本类属的机电式制动压力产生器。所述制动压力产生器包括电驱动马达，其通过多级正齿轮传动器与芯轴传动器单元这样作用连接，使得电驱动马达的旋转引起所述芯轴传动器单元的芯轴的平移运动用以操纵主制动缸。然而，当降速比比较低时，所述多级正齿轮传动器在相对于芯轴传动器单元的径向上产生相当大的间距，从而使得这个机电式制动压力产生器的整个结构组构造得相当大。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务在于实现一种机电式制动压力产生器，其突出之处在于具有短的电气的和机械的连接行程的节省构造空间的结构。
该任务利用根据权利要求1的前序部分的机电式制动压力产生器结合该权利要求的特征性特征得到解决。下面的从属权利要求描述本发明的有利的扩展方案。在权利要求10中给出具有包括根据本发明的机电式制动压力产生器的液压制动系统的车辆。
本发明包括下述技术教导：在共同的壳体的意义上，所述活塞/缸单元的液压块也至少部分地这样容纳所述电马达单元，使得所述电马达单元的至少主要在所述液压块的区域中伸展的马达轴与所述活塞/缸单元的在所述液压块中能够轴向运动的活塞的纵轴线轴向平行地布置。
根据本发明的解决方案的优点尤其在于能够完全省去用于所述电马达单元的单独的壳体。因为，所述液压块不仅形成用于所述活塞/缸单元的壳体环境，还形成用于所述电马达单元的壳体环境。由此能够实现、尤其是在轴向上实现整个机电式制动压力产生器的紧凑的设计。与现有技术的位于外侧的电马达单元相比，根据本发明集成到所述液压块中的电马达单元受益于与所述液压块的改善的热附接结构，该液压块是相当高的热质量，因此通过增加散热来相对于现有技术改善该电马达单元的冷却。
根据一种优选的实施方式提出，由轻金属合金、尤其是由铝合金制造根据本发明的功能集成的液压块并且赋予长方体形的包络几何形状。长方体形的包络几何形状被理解为该液压块的大致的基本几何形状，该液压块在这方面也能够具有半径、凹槽、成型件和类似物。选择的轻金属合金由于材料导致的高导热系数而促进期望的高的散热。
根据一个改善本发明的措施提出，以配合所述电马达单元的冷却需求的方式确定所述液压块的液压钻孔的尺寸、即缸空间和内部通道引导部的尺寸。这意味着，所述通道尽可能近地从所述电马达单元旁边伸展过去，以便优化所述散热。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式，优选呈长方体形的液压块具有第一端侧，所述传动器单元直接布置在所述第一端侧处。所述传动器单元优选构造为多级正齿轮传动器，所述多级正齿轮传动器跨接电马达单元与布置得与所述活塞/缸单元同轴的芯轴传动器单元之间的轴距X。由此产生构造得相当平坦的传动器单元，所述传动器单元在轴向上仅略微地增加该机电式制动压力产生器的几何尺寸。原则上，通过这种配置从所述电马达单元直到所述活塞/缸单元实现近似U形的能流，该能流形成用于根据本发明紧凑的结构的结构上的基本方案。
通过根据本发明被改善的冷却和通过紧凑的结构减小的能量损失，能够相对于现有技术使用尺寸较小的电马达单元。此外，由于减少了对所述电马达单元的加热，实现马达轴运行温度，其也使得能够将由塑料制成的齿轮用于构造多级正齿轮传动器。由此能够更有效地制造相对于现有技术更轻的传动器单元。
此外，将电驱动马达集成到刚性的液压块中导致所述电驱动单元与所述传动器单元之间的公差链短，从而使得能够通过简单的方式实现优化的齿啮合。此外，与此同时还伴随着改善的振动特性、尤其是NVH特性（NVH=噪声（Noise）、颤动（Vibration）、声振粗糙度（Harshness）），因此通过根据本发明的机电式制动压力产生器的运行避免在车辆中的能够察觉到的振动。
根据另一个改善本发明的措施提出，优选呈长方体形的液压块具有第二端侧，所述第二端侧与所述第一端侧对置，所述电子控制单元直接布置在所述第二端侧处。通过这种专门的布置使得所述电马达单元能够直接电附接到所述电子控制单元处，这也形成用于下述方案的前提条件：用于所述电马达单元的转速传感器和/或旋转方向传感器优选集成到所述电子控制单元中，所述转速传感器和/或旋转方向传感器布置在所述马达轴的与所述传动器单元对置的端部的区域中。所述电马达单元集成到所述液压块中和所述电马达单元直接电附接到所述电子控制单元处，容许所述部件之间的直接的电能量流，这导致产生热量的电气线路损耗比较少。
根据电控制单元的一种优选的实施方式提出，以布置在唯一的电子电路板上的结构元件的形式构造这个电控制单元，所述电子结构元件不仅实施对所述马达单元的电子控制，还实施对所述活塞/缸单元的液压阀操控。由此，所述电子控制单元——与所述传动器单元类似——也能够以相当平坦的方式构造，以便进一步改善该机电式制动压力产生器的紧凑性。
附图说明
在下文中结合对本发明的优选的实施例的说明根据唯一的附图更详细地阐述改善本发明的其他措施。图1示出由在上文中说明的主部件构造成的机电式制动压力产生器的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
根据图1，电马达单元1按照预先给定的制动要求产生进行驱动的旋转运动a。电马达单元1基本上由相对于液压块6位置固定地布置的定子1a和与此相对应的转子1b组成，所述转子与轴7连接。电马达单元1通过电子控制单元2被操控。如此产生的旋转运动a通过具有输出侧的芯轴传动器单元4的减速式传动器单元3转化为平移运动b，用以活塞操纵液压的活塞/缸单元5。
在紧凑地构造的机电式制动压力产生器中，用于活塞/缸单元5的由轻金属制成的液压块6在功能集成的意义上也容纳电马达单元1，从而使得能够省去用于其的单独的壳体。在此，电马达单元1的马达轴7与活塞/缸单元5的在液压块6中能够轴向运动的活塞9的纵轴线8轴向平行地伸展。
在基本上长方体形的液压块6处，在第一端侧10直接布置有传动器单元3。在这个实施例中，传动器单元3由多级正齿轮传动器11组成，该多级正齿轮传动器将由电马达单元1输出的转速转换为慢速、即减速，并且同时跨接电马达单元1与布置得与活塞/缸单元5同轴的芯轴传动器单元4之间的轴距X。
与第一端侧10对置地，长方体形的液压块6具有与此平行地伸展的第二端侧12，在该第二端侧处直接布置有电子控制单元2。用于电马达单元1的转速传感器和/或旋转方向传感器13集成到电子控制单元2中。转速传感器和/或旋转方向传感器13检测马达轴7的转速和/或旋转方向，以便为了本身已知的控制目的而将对应的测量信号传送给电子控制单元2。在这个实施例中，电子控制单元2以唯一的电路板14的形式实施，在该电路板上布置有（示例性地）用以实施操控功能的各式各样的电子结构元件15。借此不仅操控电马达单元1，还操纵活塞/缸单元5的——在这里未进一步示出的——液压阀操控装置。
本发明不限于上文说明的优选的实施例。更确切地说，能够想到其变型方案，所述变型方案同时包括在下面的权利要求的保护范围内。例如也可能的是，以别的方式实施传动器单元3，例如实施为牵引机构传动器或者类似物。此外，如果电马达单元1至少部分地安置在液压块6中并且利用突出的部分例如也伸入到直接相邻的电子控制单元2中或者伸入到传动器单元3中，也是足够的。

Claims (10)

1.用于车辆的液压制动系统的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其具有电马达单元（1），能够通过电子控制单元（2）按照待施加的制动压力操控所述电马达单元，具有输出侧的芯轴传动器单元（4）的减速式传动器单元（3）将所述电马达单元的由此产生的旋转运动（a）转化为平移运动（b）用以操纵液压的活塞/缸单元（5）的活塞（9），
其特征在于，所述活塞/缸单元（5）的液压块（6）也至少部分地这样容纳所述电马达单元（1），使得所述电马达单元（1）的至少主要在所述液压块（6）的区域中伸展的马达轴（7）与所述活塞/缸单元（5）的在所述液压块（6）中能够运动的活塞（9）的纵轴线（8）轴向平行地布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，由轻金属合金制成的液压块（6）具有长方体形的包络几何形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，以配合所述电马达单元（1）的冷却需求的方式确定所述液压块（6）的液压钻孔的尺寸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，所述长方体形的液压块（6）具有第一端侧（10），所述传动器单元（3）直接布置在所述第一端侧处。
5.根据权利要求4所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，所述传动器单元（3）构造为多级正齿轮传动器（11），所述多级正齿轮传动器跨接电马达单元（1）与布置得与所述活塞/缸单元（5）同轴的芯轴传动器单元（4）之间的轴距（X）。
6.根据权利要求5所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，所述多级正齿轮传动器（11）的齿轮由塑料制成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，所述长方体形的液压块（6）具有第二端侧（12），所述第二端侧与所述第一端侧（10）对置，所述电子控制单元（2）直接布置在所述第二端侧处。
8.根据权利要求7所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，用于所述电马达单元（1）的转速传感器和/或旋转方向传感器（13）集成到所述电子控制单元（2）中，所述转速传感器和/或旋转方向传感器布置在所述马达轴（7）的与所述传动器单元（3）对置的端部的区域中。
9.根据权利要求7所述的能够机电式驱动的制动压力产生器，其特征在于，所述电子控制单元（2）以布置在唯一的电路板（14）上的电子结构元件（15）的形式构造，所述电子结构元件不仅实施对所述马达单元（1）的电子控制，还实施对所述活塞/缸单元（5）的液压阀操控。
10.车辆，其包括根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的用于液压制动系统的机电式制动压力产生器。
CN202010333887.1A 2019-04-25 2020-04-24 车辆液压制动系统的能机电式驱动的制动压力产生器及包括其的车辆 Pending CN111845687A (zh)

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