CN111838073A - Male and female balanced seedling raising method for large-scale turtle breeding - Google Patents
Male and female balanced seedling raising method for large-scale turtle breeding Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method, which adopts the technical scheme that: the method comprises the following specific steps: the method has the beneficial effects that S1 seedlings are selected, S2 cultivation, S3 feeding, S4 protein supplementation, S5 oil supplementation, S6 inorganic salt supplementation, S7 egg taking and S8 seedling cultivation are carried out, and the method has the following beneficial effects: the method has the advantages that the excellent testudinates are selected as the initial generation, the quality of testudinate seedlings is greatly improved, the testudinates of the initial generation are cultivated, the physical conditions and the growth conditions of the testudinates are good, the testudinates are in a more active state through temperature control, so that the testudinates are eaten more and grow faster, the egg laying rate of the testudinates of the initial generation is improved, the health of the testudinates is controlled by food, the variation of androgens and chromosomes in the testudinate eggs is changed by temperature, the proportion of male and female eggs hatched by the testudinate eggs at different temperatures is different, and the cultivation cost of farmers is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of turtle breeding, in particular to a large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method.
Background
The first fossil of the order of Testudinate appeared about 2 hundred million years ago, the existing animals of the order of Testudinate in the world can be divided into torticolales and tortoiseshell sub-orders, there are more than about 250 species of 86 genus of 12 families, which are spread over all the major oceans, and the order of Testudinate is commonly called as the tortoise, all the members of which are the oldest reptile, characterized in that the tortoise has a very firm shell, when attacked, the tortoise can retract the head, tail and limbs into the shell, most of which are meat-eating, the tortoise is a turtle that can usually live on land and in water, also a turtle that lives in the sea for a long time, the tortoise is a long-lived animal, the natural environment has more than one hundred years of life, the nutritive value of the Testudinate is known by the old and old, is the treasure of aquatic products, the food of high-grade wine banquet, is a food well received and popular by people, not only has delicious taste, high protein, fat, but also is a nourishing treasure containing various vitamins and trace elements, turtle is turbid and its head, nail, bone, meat, egg, gall and fat can be used as medicine, turtle meat is named as having the functions of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi according to the famous medical records, and according to the records of the compendium of materia medica, turtle meat has the functions of nourishing Yin and tonifying kidney, clearing heat and removing blood stasis, strengthening spleen and stomach and the like, and can treat diseases such as consumptive disease night sweat, yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity, waist soreness and leg pain, diarrhea due to chronic diseases, infantile convulsion, women amenorrhea, dystocia and the like.
The prior art has the following defects: the existing turtle breeding technology is single, particularly in the technology of balancing male and female turtles in turtle breeding, the market value of male turtles is far greater than that of female turtles, but the existing breeding technology is difficult to control the proportion of male and female turtles hatched out, and the number of female turtles is far greater than that of male turtles after hatching, so that the breeding cost of farmers is greatly increased.
Therefore, the invention is necessary to invent a large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a large-scale male and female turtle breeding balanced seedling method, which selects excellent turtles as the primary generation, is favorable for greatly improving the quality of the turtles and young turtles, utilizes food to control the health of the turtles, and utilizes the temperature to change the variation of the androgens and chromosomes in the turtles eggs, so that the proportion of the male and female turtles hatched under the incubation of the turtles eggs at different temperatures is different, the breeding cost of farmers is reduced, and the problem that the breeding cost of the farmers is greatly improved as the number of the female turtles is far greater than that of the male turtles after the incubation is solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a large-scale testudinate breeding male and female balanced seedling method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 seedling selection: selecting healthy adult testudinates with large heads and without internal and external injuries, wherein the testudinates are 4-5 years old and 4-6 kg heavy, and carrying out mixed culture according to the proportion of male and female 5: 2.
S2 cultivation: the turtles are raised in pools arranged so that the average area of life of each turtles is 3 x 3 times to 6 x 6 times its length.
S3 feeding: feeding terrapin twice a day, and feeding in the morning and at night.
S4 protein supplementation: adding protein into the turtle food at the water temperature of 28-34 deg.C.
S5 supplement of fats: corn oil in a compound feed.
S6 supplement with inorganic salts: adding inorganic salt into the food of terrapin.
S7 ovum pickup: building a sand ground beside the pool and ensuring the terrapin to smoothly enter the sand ground, then selecting terrapin eggs, and placing the terrapin eggs in an incubator for incubation, wherein the temperature in the incubator is controlled between 25 and 40 ℃.
S8 seedling cultivation: and (4) cultivating the hatched seedlings for 1-2 months, and counting the tortoise and turtle seedlings.
Preferably, in step S1, the selected tortoise/turtle is wild tortoise/turtle, and the tortoise/turtle is agile, lively and mobile.
Preferably, in step S2, water and land are disposed in the pool, the area of the water is 0.5-0.75, the area of the land is 0.25-0.5, the land can be sand or whole stone, and the surface layer cannot be too rough.
Preferably, in the step S2, the part of the water may be distributed with small stones, and the water in the pond is changed every 1-3 days by planting aquatic plants, water hyacinths, etc., and the temperature in the pond is controlled to be 18-34 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S3, the fruits and leaves are fed in the morning and the insects, snails, earthworms, and small fishes and shrimps are fed in the evening.
Preferably, in the step S4, the protein accounts for 43.32% -45.05% of the total food.
Preferably, in the step S5, 10 to 15 parts of corn oil is added.
Preferably, in the step S6, 19 to 35 parts of inorganic salt food is added.
Preferably, in the step S7, turtle eggs having large heads, no damage and sharp ends are selected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention selects excellent testudinates as the initial generation, which is beneficial to greatly improving the quality of testudinate seedlings, and the testudinates of the initial generation are cultivated, so that the physical condition and the growth condition of the testudinates are good, and simultaneously, the testudinates are in a more active state through the temperature control, so that more testudinates are eaten and grow quickly, thereby improving the spawning rate of the testudinates of the initial generation, controlling the health of the testudinates by using food, changing the variation of male and female hormones and chromosomes in testudinate eggs by using the temperature, leading the proportion of male and female hatched testudinate eggs incubated at different temperatures to be different, and reducing the cultivation cost of farmers.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a large-scale testudinate breeding male and female balanced seedling method, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1 seedling selection: selecting healthy adult turtles with large heads and no internal injury or external injury, wherein the turtles are 4 years old and 4kg in weight, and carrying out mixed culture according to the proportion of 5:2 of male and female, the selected turtles are wild turtles, the turtles are agile and active in action, and in the selection process, selecting the turtles with hard shells, pulling down the four limbs of the turtles by hands, and selecting the turtles with powerful four limbs, so that the selected turtles are healthier.
S2 cultivation: the method is characterized in that a pond is arranged to feed the turtles, water and land are arranged in the pond, the average living area of each turtles is 3 multiplied by 3 times of the body length of each turtles, the area of the water accounts for 0.5 of the whole body, the land accounts for 0.25, the land can be sandy soil or whole stones, the surface layer cannot be too rough, the turtles are prevented from being worn by climbing on the land for a long time, small stones can be distributed on the water, meanwhile, aquatic plants, water hyacinth and the like are planted in the water, the pond water is replaced every 3 days, and meanwhile, the temperature in the pond is controlled at 28 ℃.
S3 feeding: the turtle is fed twice every day, which comprises morning feeding and night feeding, wherein the morning feeding comprises melons, fruits and vegetable leaves, the evening feeding comprises insects, snails, earthworms and small fishes and shrimps, so that the turtle has food diversity, and long-term single food is not good for any living beings, thereby avoiding the lack of certain nutrients or trace elements, ensuring the health of the turtle and avoiding the turtle from being easily ill.
S4 protein supplementation: under the condition of water temperature of 28 ℃, protein is added into the turtle food, the protein accounts for 43.32 percent of the total food, the turtle has strong protein utilization capacity, and the growth of the turtle can be accelerated by adding the protein into the turtle food.
S5 supplement of fats: the corn oil is added into the compound feed by 10 parts, the fat is an important energy and essential fatty acid source and is also a carrier of fat-soluble vitamins, phospholipid plays an important role in a cell membrane structure, cholesterol is a precursor of various steroid hormones and has an important physiological effect, and the turtle has higher energy demand than general aquatic products because the turtle performs amphibious land and land sports more consumes more energy than water, and is a micturition animal, so that the energy loss in protein catabolism and excretion is more, and the digestion and utilization rate of carbohydrates of the turtle is not high, so that the turtle feed is very necessary to be properly added with oil, the energy source can be increased, the fatty acid required by the turtle can be provided, and the palatability of the turtle feed can be improved.
S6 supplement with inorganic salts: inorganic salt food is added into the food of the testudinate, the added inorganic salt food is 19 parts, the inorganic salt is necessary for forming the testudinate bone and is an indispensable substance for forming cell tissues, and the inorganic salt is also involved in regulating osmotic pressure and pH value, participating in coenzyme metabolism, participating in hematopoiesis and hemoglobin formation, ensuring the normal growth of the testudinate and reducing the diseases of the testudinate.
S7 ovum pickup: establishing a sand ground beside the pool, ensuring that the turtles can smoothly enter the sand ground, selecting the turtle eggs which are larger in size, free of damage and sharp in end parts, placing the turtle eggs in an incubator for incubation, and controlling the temperature in the incubator to be 25 ℃.
S8 seedling cultivation: and (4) cultivating the hatched seedlings for 1 month, and counting the turtle seedlings.
Example 2:
the invention provides a large-scale testudinate breeding male and female balanced seedling method, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1 seedling selection: selecting healthy adult turtles with large heads and no internal injury or external injury, wherein the turtles are 4.5 years old and 5kg in weight, and carrying out mixed culture according to the proportion of 5:2 of male and female, the selected turtles are wild turtles, the turtles are agile and lively, in the selection process, shells of the selected turtles are hard, the four limbs of the turtles are pulled by hands, and the turtles with powerful four limbs are selected, so that the selected turtles are healthier.
S2 cultivation: the method is characterized in that a pond is arranged to feed the turtles, water and land are arranged in the pond, the average living area of each turtles is 5-5 times of the body length of each turtles, the area of the water accounts for 0.6 of the whole body, the land accounts for 0.4, the land can be sandy soil or whole stones, the surface layer cannot be too rough, the turtles are prevented from being worn by the turtles when climbing on the land for a long time, small stones can be distributed on the water, meanwhile, aquatic plants, water hyacinth and the like are planted in the water, the pond water is replaced every 2 days, and meanwhile, the temperature in the pond is controlled at 30 ℃.
S3 feeding: the turtle is fed twice every day, which comprises morning feeding and night feeding, wherein the morning feeding comprises melons, fruits and vegetable leaves, the evening feeding comprises insects, snails, earthworms and small fishes and shrimps, so that the turtle has food diversity, and long-term single food is not good for any living beings, thereby avoiding the lack of certain nutrients or trace elements, ensuring the health of the turtle and avoiding the turtle from being easily ill.
S4 protein supplementation: under the condition of water temperature of 30 ℃, protein is added into the turtle food, the protein accounts for 44 percent of the total food, the turtle has strong protein utilization capacity, and the growth of the turtle can be accelerated by adding the protein into the turtle food.
S5 supplement of fats: the corn oil is added into the compound feed by 13 parts, the fat is an important energy and essential fatty acid source and is also a carrier of fat-soluble vitamins, phospholipid plays an important role in a cell membrane structure, cholesterol is a precursor of various steroid hormones and has an important physiological effect, and the turtle has higher energy demand than general aquatic products because the turtle performs amphibious land and land sports more consumes more energy than water, and is a micturition animal, so that the energy loss in protein catabolism and excretion is more, and the digestion and utilization rate of carbohydrates of the turtle is not high, so that the turtle feed is very necessary to be properly added with oil, the energy source can be increased, the fatty acid required by the turtle can be provided, and the palatability of the turtle feed can be improved.
S6 supplement with inorganic salts: inorganic salt food is added into the food of the testudinate, the added inorganic salt food is 30 parts, the inorganic salt is necessary for forming the testudinate bone and is an indispensable substance for forming cell tissues, and the inorganic salt is also involved in regulating osmotic pressure and pH value, participating in coenzyme metabolism, participating in hematopoiesis and hemoglobin formation, ensuring the normal growth of the testudinate and reducing the diseases of the testudinate.
S7 ovum pickup: establishing a sand ground beside the pool, ensuring that the turtles can smoothly enter the sand ground, selecting the turtle eggs which are larger in size, free of damage and sharp in end parts, placing the turtle eggs in an incubator for incubation, and controlling the temperature in the incubator to be 34 ℃.
S8 seedling cultivation: and (5) cultivating the hatched seedlings for 1.5 months, and counting the tortoise and turtle seedlings.
Example 3:
the invention provides a large-scale testudinate breeding male and female balanced seedling method, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1 seedling selection: selecting healthy adult turtles with large heads and no internal injury or external injury, wherein the turtles are 5 years old and 6kg in weight, and carrying out mixed culture according to the proportion of 5:2 of male and female, the selected turtles are wild turtles, the turtles are agile and active in action, and in the selection process, selecting the turtles with hard shells, pulling down the four limbs of the turtles by hands, and selecting the turtles with powerful four limbs, so that the selected turtles are healthier.
S2 cultivation: the method is characterized in that a pond is arranged to feed the turtles, water and land are arranged in the pond, the average living area of each turtles is 6 multiplied by 6 times of the body length of each turtles, the area of the water accounts for 0.75 of the whole body, the land accounts for 0.5, the land can be sandy soil or whole stones, the surface layer cannot be too rough, the turtles are prevented from being worn by the turtles when climbing on the land for a long time, small stones can be distributed on the water, meanwhile, aquatic plants, water hyacinth and the like are planted in the water, the pond water is replaced every 1-3 days, and the temperature in the pond is controlled to be 34 ℃.
S3 feeding: the turtle is fed twice every day, which comprises morning feeding and night feeding, wherein the morning feeding comprises melons, fruits and vegetable leaves, the evening feeding comprises insects, snails, earthworms and small fishes and shrimps, so that the turtle has food diversity, and long-term single food is not good for any living beings, thereby avoiding the lack of certain nutrients or trace elements, ensuring the health of the turtle and avoiding the turtle from being easily ill.
S4 protein supplementation: under the condition that the water temperature is 34 ℃, protein is added into the turtle food, the protein accounts for 45.05 percent of the total food, the turtle has strong protein utilization capacity, and the growth of the turtle can be accelerated by adding the protein into the turtle food.
S5 supplement of fats: the corn oil is added into the compound feed by 15 parts, the fat is an important energy and essential fatty acid source and is also a carrier of fat-soluble vitamins, phospholipid plays an important role in a cell membrane structure, cholesterol is a precursor of various steroid hormones and has an important physiological effect, and the turtle has higher energy demand than general aquatic products because the turtle performs amphibious land and land sports more consumes more energy than water, and is a micturition animal, so that the energy loss in protein catabolism and excretion is more, and the digestion and utilization rate of carbohydrates of the turtle is not high, so that the turtle feed is very necessary to be properly added with oil, the energy source can be increased, the fatty acid required by the turtle can be provided, and the palatability of the turtle feed can be improved.
S6 supplement with inorganic salts: inorganic salt food is added into the food of the testudinate, the added inorganic salt food is 35 parts, the inorganic salt is necessary for forming the testudinate bone and is an indispensable substance for forming cell tissues, and the inorganic salt is also involved in regulating osmotic pressure and pH value, participating in coenzyme metabolism, participating in hematopoiesis and hemoglobin formation, ensuring the normal growth of the testudinate and reducing the diseases of the testudinate.
S7 ovum pickup: establishing a sand ground beside the pool, ensuring that the turtles can smoothly enter the sand ground, selecting the turtle eggs which are larger in size, free of damage and sharp in end parts, placing the turtle eggs in an incubator for incubation, and controlling the temperature in the incubator to be 40 ℃.
S8 seedling cultivation: and (5) cultivating the hatched seedlings for 2 months, and counting the tortoise and turtle seedlings.
Example 4:
taking the method of the above example 1-3, respectively, selecting three groups of tortoise and turtle seedlings, each group of 100 tortoise and turtle seedlings, identifying male and female of the tortoise and turtle, and obtaining the following data:
as can be seen from the above table, the method in example 3 is suitable, and selects excellent turtles as the initial generation, which is beneficial to greatly improving the quality of the young turtles, and then cultures the initial generation of turtles, so that the health condition and growth condition of the turtles are good, and simultaneously, the turtles are in a more active state through temperature control, so that more turtles are eaten and grow quickly, thereby improving the spawning rate of the initial generation of turtles, the health of the turtles is controlled by using food, and the male and female proportion of the turtles incubated at different temperatures is different by changing the variation of the female and male hormones and chromosomes in the turtles eggs by using temperature, so that the cultivation cost of farmers is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may modify the present invention or modify it into an equivalent technical solution by using the technical solution described above. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made in accordance with the technical solution of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A large-scale male and female balance breeding method for testudinate culture is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: s1 seedling selection: selecting healthy adult testudinates with large heads and without internal and external injuries, wherein the testudinates are 4-5 years old and 4-6 kg heavy, and carrying out mixed culture according to the proportion of male and female 5: 2.
S2 cultivation: the turtles are raised in pools arranged so that the average area of life of each turtles is 3 x 3 times to 6 x 6 times its length.
S3 feeding: feeding terrapin twice a day, and feeding in the morning and at night.
S4 protein supplementation: adding protein into the turtle food at the water temperature of 28-34 deg.C.
S5 supplement of fats: corn oil in a compound feed.
S6 supplement with inorganic salts: adding inorganic salt into the food of terrapin.
S7 ovum pickup: building a sand ground beside the pool and ensuring the terrapin to smoothly enter the sand ground, then selecting terrapin eggs, and placing the terrapin eggs in an incubator for incubation, wherein the temperature in the incubator is controlled between 25 and 40 ℃.
S8 seedling cultivation: and (4) cultivating the hatched seedlings for 1-2 months, and counting the tortoise and turtle seedlings.
2. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the selected tortoise or turtle is wild and the action of the tortoise or turtle is quick, lively and active.
3. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, water and land are disposed in the pool, the water area is 0.5-0.75, the land area is 0.25-0.5, the land area can be sand or whole stone, and the surface layer cannot be too rough.
4. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the water part can be distributed with small stones, and aquatic plants, water hyacinths, etc. are planted in the water, and the pond water is changed every 1-3 days, and the temperature in the pond is controlled between 18-34 ℃.
5. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the fruits and leaves are fed in the morning and the insects, snails, earthworms, and small fishes and shrimps are fed in the evening.
6. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, the protein accounts for 43.32% -45.05% of the total food.
7. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S5, 10-15 parts of corn oil is added.
8. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S6, 19-35 parts of inorganic salt food is added.
9. The large-scale turtle breeding male and female balanced seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S7, turtle eggs with large head, no damage and sharp ends are selected.
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| CN113875695A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-04 | 安徽杰与祥水产养殖有限公司 | Male and female balanced seedling raising method for large-scale turtle breeding |
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