CN111826309A - 一种液体生物营养菌剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种液体生物营养菌剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种液体生物营养菌剂,包括微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质,微生物混合菌剂中的各菌种均选用抗噬菌体菌株,微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质的质量百分比分别为,微生物混合菌剂0.5%~5%和溶原性噬菌体0.3%~0.5%,余量为液体基质,溶原性噬菌体为溶原性大肠杆菌噬菌体、溶原性绿脓杆菌噬菌体和溶原性葡萄球菌噬菌体;本发明的生物制剂投入土壤后,其中的溶原性噬菌体裂解释放出广谱杀菌的噬菌体,侵染土壤内原生的病原菌并使其细胞破裂死亡,进而大幅减少了土壤内病原菌的菌群数量,有效降低了土壤毒性对植物生长的不良影响,微生物混合菌剂的有益菌种则能够快速的增殖并占领土壤环境,形成优势菌种以发挥改善土壤的效力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物制剂技术领域,尤其是一种液体生物营养菌剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国传统的农耕普遍采用作物重茬方式种植,致使土壤中积累大量的有机或无机毒素,以及各种致病菌群,影响农作物产量。
为了增加土壤肥力,并改善土壤结构,以消除土壤日益板结和盐碱化的状况,帮助作物增产并提高作物抗病免疫力,近几年技术人员研究以微生物有益菌群为土壤改良剂,取得了良好的效果。
微生物对土壤进行改良的作用机理是通过调节土壤微生物活动的过程,扩大有益菌种的菌群数量,以加强有益微生物参与土壤内有机质的合成和分解并释放养分的作用,将地壳中有限的营养元素能周而复始的利用,进而保证整个植物生长发育对养分的要求。其中,土壤内微生物中的某些菌群对农业有益,而某些却是有害的。
目前的生物菌剂大多采用直接投入土壤的方式,因此无法保证菌剂内的有益菌群进入土壤后,能够在和土壤原生菌群的竞争中成长为优势菌种,进而发挥效力。甚至可以说大多数情况下,由于土壤内菌种种类繁多,菌群环境复杂,经过多代变异,适应力极强,导致外来菌群难以发挥效力,因此导致生物菌剂的效果不甚理想。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提出了一种微生物菌群进入土壤后能够迅速成为优势菌种,发挥效力的效果好且效果持久的液体生物营养菌剂及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:本发明提供了一种液体生物营养菌剂,包括微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质,微生物混合菌剂中的各菌种均选用抗噬菌体菌株,微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质的质量百分比分别为,微生物混合菌剂0.5%~5%和溶原性噬菌体0.3%~0.5%,余量为液体基质。
在以上技术方案的基础上,优选的,微生物混合菌剂包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的质量比为(2~3):(2~3)。
在以上技术方案的基础上,优选的,抗噬菌体菌株的选株包括如下步骤,制备目标菌种种子液,将种子液以1%的接种量接种至新鲜培养基中,在37℃下180r/min振荡培养至OD600于0.5至0.8之间;以感染复数1.0接入噬菌体,继续培养24h,然后涂布培养基平板,37℃培养48h,挑取单菌落接种至液体培养基内培养,将培养液连续三次划线分离,获得具有噬菌体抗性的纯种菌株。
更进一步优选的,抗噬菌体菌株的鉴定包括,将纯种菌株接种至培养基中,接入噬菌体,如此传代10次,并以同等培养条件下不接入噬菌体的目标菌种菌株为对照的指示菌,观察二者形成的噬菌斑数量之比。
在以上技术方案的基础上,优选的,溶原性噬菌体为溶原性大肠杆菌噬菌体、溶原性绿脓杆菌噬菌体和溶原性葡萄球菌噬菌体。
在以上技术方案的基础上,优选的,液体基质的组分按照质量比包括,葡萄糖25份、牛肉蛋白胨10份、酵母粉10份、磷酸二氢钾3份、磷酸氢二钾3份、氯化钙1份、硫酸镁1份和纯净水80份。
在以上技术方案的基础上,优选的,还包括增稠剂,增稠剂包括酪蛋白酸钠、阿拉伯胶、田菁胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠或藻酸丙二醇酯中的一种或多种的组合,增稠剂的质量百分比为0.1%~1%。
在以上技术方案的基础上,优选的,还包括防腐剂,防腐剂包括苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、茶多酚、大蒜素和壳聚糖中的一种或多种的组合,防腐剂的质量百分比为0.1%~1%。
第二方面,提供了一种液体生物营养菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
S1将宿主菌接种至培养基中并用溶原性噬菌体侵染,在摇床内37℃恒温培养24h,得到培养液,将培养液用接种环涂于琼脂平板上,网状划线后,置于保温箱内,恒温37℃放置24h,挑选出生长粗壮的溶原性噬菌体重新接种至培养基中,在摇床中37℃继续培养24h,如此重复5次,获得单菌落的溶原性噬菌体种子液,然后放入装有培养基的反应罐内,37℃厌氧培养30h,过滤后得到溶原性噬菌体发酵液;
S2在实验室内制备各菌种的抗噬菌体菌株的摇瓶种子液,将摇瓶种子液输入灭菌后的发酵罐内进行扩繁发酵,将扩繁产物进行固液分离,并将得到潮湿的固态微生物进行干燥处理,将各菌种的干燥产物按照配比均匀混合,即可得到微生物混合菌剂;
S3按照液体基质各组分的配比称取原料,均匀混合,搅拌溶解即可;
S4将步骤S1至S3中获得的产物混合均匀即可;
S5向步骤S4的液剂中加入定量的增稠剂和防腐剂。
本发明的一种液体生物营养菌剂及其制备方法相对于现有技术具有以下有益效果:
本发明的生物制剂投入土壤后,其中的溶原性噬菌体裂解释放出广谱杀菌的噬菌体,侵染土壤内原生的病原菌并使其细胞破裂死亡,进而大幅减少了土壤内病原菌的菌群数量,有效降低了土壤毒性对植物生长的不良影响;而微生物混合菌剂的有益菌种则能够快速的增殖并占领土壤环境,形成优势菌种以发挥改善土壤的效力;液体基质一方面作为营养基质,帮助有益菌种快速增殖,另一方面液体基质内的氮磷元素及多种蛋白质成分。也能作为土壤养分被植物吸收利用,促进植物生长。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式,对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
本发明提供了一种液体生物营养菌剂,包括微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质,微生物混合菌剂中的各菌种均选用抗噬菌体菌株,微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质的质量百分比分别为,微生物混合菌剂5%和溶原性噬菌体0.5%,余量为液体基质。
其中,微生物混合菌剂包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的质量比为1:1。
溶原性噬菌体为溶原性大肠杆菌噬菌体、溶原性绿脓杆菌噬菌体和溶原性葡萄球菌噬菌体。
液体基质的组分按照质量比包括,葡萄糖25份、牛肉蛋白胨10份、酵母粉10份、磷酸二氢钾3份、磷酸氢二钾3份、氯化钙1份、硫酸镁1份和纯净水80份。
解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的抗噬菌体菌株的选株包括如下步骤,制备目标菌种种子液,将种子液以1%的接种量接种至新鲜培养基中,在37℃下180r/min振荡培养至OD600于0.5至0.8之间;以感染复数1.0接入噬菌体,继续培养24h,然后涂布培养基平板,37℃培养48h,挑取单菌落接种至液体培养基内培养,将培养液连续三次划线分离,获得具有噬菌体抗性的纯种菌株。
解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的抗噬菌体菌株的鉴定包括,将纯种菌株接种至培养基中,接入噬菌体,如此传代10次,并以同等培养条件下不接入噬菌体的目标菌种菌株为对照的指示菌,观察二者形成的噬菌斑数量之比。
其制备方法,包括以下步骤,
S1将宿主菌接种至培养基中并用溶原性噬菌体侵染,在摇床内37℃恒温培养24h,得到培养液,将培养液用接种环涂于琼脂平板上,网状划线后,置于保温箱内,恒温37℃放置24h,挑选出生长粗壮的溶原性噬菌体重新接种至培养基中,在摇床中37℃继续培养24h,如此重复5次,获得单菌落的溶原性噬菌体种子液,然后放入装有培养基的反应罐内,37℃厌氧培养30h,过滤后得到溶原性噬菌体发酵液;
S2在实验室内制备各菌种的抗噬菌体菌株的摇瓶种子液,将摇瓶种子液输入灭菌后的发酵罐内进行扩繁发酵,将扩繁产物进行固液分离,并将得到潮湿的固态微生物进行干燥处理,将各菌种的干燥产物按照配比均匀混合,即可得到微生物混合菌剂;
S3按照液体基质各组分的配比称取原料,均匀混合,搅拌溶解即可;
S4将步骤S1至S3中获得的产物混合均匀即可;
S5向步骤S4的液剂中加入定量的增稠剂和防腐剂。
实施例二:
将实施例一中的微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质的质量百分比替换为微生物混合菌剂0.5%、植物免疫诱抗剂0.3%和余量为液体基质,其他条件保持不变。
实施例三:
除实施例一条件保持不变外,还包括增稠剂和防腐剂。
其中,增稠剂包括酪蛋白酸钠、阿拉伯胶、田菁胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠或藻酸丙二醇酯中的一种或多种的组合,防腐剂包括苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、茶多酚、大蒜素和壳聚糖中的一种或多种的组合,增稠剂和防腐剂的质量百分比均为0.1%。
噬菌体是一种广泛分布在土壤、空气、水和动物肠道中的病毒。其中溶原性噬菌体亦称温和噬菌体,是原噬菌体感染宿主菌后,将其自身的基因组整合进宿主菌的基因组,随细菌染色体的复制而复制,并通过细菌的分裂传给下一代,且不会引起细菌裂解。
稳定条件下,溶原性噬菌体不会产生许多子代噬菌体,宿主菌宿主细胞也不会破裂死亡。然而当把这种溶原性噬菌体细胞放入土壤样本中并暴露在空气中时,在光学显微镜下观察可以发现,由于环境突变,溶原性噬菌体转变为烈性噬菌体,侵染宿主细胞使其破裂,同时释放出许多原噬菌体子代颗粒,并迅速增殖感染土壤中的多种菌体致其死亡。
但细菌对于噬菌体的侵染也并非完全束手无策,细菌可以通过吸附抑制、流产感染、限制修饰系统和穿入阻滞的多重手段实现噬菌体抵抗。同样的,噬菌体为了侵染细菌,也会在其正常的生活周期,包括吸附、注入、繁殖和释放的过程中,产生应对抗性的策略。细菌和噬菌体就是在这样一种长久的相互竞争中进行代代相传的变异和遗传。
因此,技术人员可以通过化学或物理方式诱导细菌发生突变,以加强细菌的噬菌体抵抗能力,进而获得具有噬菌体抗性的目标菌株,即为抗噬菌体菌株。
解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌是微生物制剂中经常使用的有益菌种,具有提高土壤肥力,促进植物吸收养分,抑制多种植物病原菌生长的功能。大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和葡萄球菌实验室中普遍使用的溶原性噬菌体的细菌载体。
本发明的生物制剂投入土壤后,其中的溶原性噬菌体裂解释放出广谱杀菌的噬菌体,侵染土壤内原生的病原菌并使其细胞破裂死亡,进而大幅减少了土壤内病原菌的菌群数量,有效降低了土壤毒性对植物生长的不良影响;而微生物混合菌剂的有益菌种则能够快速的增殖并占领土壤环境,形成优势菌种以发挥改善土壤的效力;液体基质一方面作为营养基质,帮助有益菌种快速增殖,另一方面液体基质内的氮磷元素及多种蛋白质成分。也能作为土壤养分被植物吸收利用,促进植物生长。
本发明的液体制剂,不仅能够作为土壤改良剂、生物肥料或肥料添加剂使用,还能够作为拌种剂、蘸根剂等多种用途。
试验方法和结果分析:
试验目的为验证本发明在土壤中的抑制病原菌菌群数量、促进有益菌成为优势菌种等有益效果。
选取采集常年年重茬种植玉米的土壤样本,分为两组,分别施入含有本发明实施例1的基肥和普通基肥,放置于阳光、通风条件下,经过60h后,分别取样放在光学显微镜下观察。
其土壤测试结果见表1:
表1
可以发现,施用实施例1后的土壤样本中有益菌种活性菌总量要高于施用普通基肥的土壤样本,同时实施例1的土壤样本中有机质、含氮量和含磷量也较高。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:包括微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质,所述微生物混合菌剂中的各菌种均选用抗噬菌体菌株,所述微生物混合菌剂、溶原性噬菌体和液体基质的质量百分比分别为,微生物混合菌剂0.5%~5%和溶原性噬菌体0.3%~0.5%,余量为液体基质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:所述微生物混合菌剂包括解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌,所述解淀粉芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的质量比为(2~3):(2~3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:所述抗噬菌体菌株的选株包括如下步骤,
制备目标菌种种子液,将所述种子液以1%的接种量接种至新鲜培养基中,在37℃下180r/min振荡培养至OD600于0.5至0.8之间;
以感染复数1.0接入噬菌体,继续培养24h,然后涂布培养基平板,37℃培养48h,挑取单菌落接种至液体培养基内培养,将所述培养液连续三次划线分离,获得具有噬菌体抗性的纯种菌株。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:所述抗噬菌体菌株的鉴定包括,将所述纯种菌株接种至培养基中,接入噬菌体,如此传代10次,并以同等培养条件下不接入噬菌体的目标菌种菌株为对照的指示菌,观察二者形成的噬菌斑数量之比。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:所述溶原性噬菌体为溶原性大肠杆菌噬菌体、溶原性绿脓杆菌噬菌体和溶原性葡萄球菌噬菌体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:所述液体基质的组分按照质量比包括,葡萄糖25份、牛肉蛋白胨10份、酵母粉10份、磷酸二氢钾3份、磷酸氢二钾3份、氯化钙1份、硫酸镁1份和纯净水80份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:还包括增稠剂,所述增稠剂包括酪蛋白酸钠、阿拉伯胶、田菁胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠或藻酸丙二醇酯中的一种或多种的组合,所述增稠剂的质量百分比为0.1%~1%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂,其特征在于:还包括防腐剂,所述防腐剂包括苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、茶多酚、大蒜素和壳聚糖中的一种或多种的组合,所述防腐剂的质量百分比为0.1%~1%。
9.根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的一种液体生物营养菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
S1将宿主菌接种至培养基中并用溶原性噬菌体侵染,在摇床内37℃恒温培养24h,得到培养液,将所述培养液用接种环涂于琼脂平板上,网状划线后,置于保温箱内,恒温37℃放置24h,挑选出生长粗壮的溶原性噬菌体重新接种至培养基中,在摇床中37℃继续培养24h,如此重复5次,获得单菌落的溶原性噬菌体种子液,然后放入装有培养基的反应罐内,37℃厌氧培养30h,过滤后得到溶原性噬菌体发酵液;
S2在实验室内制备所述各菌种的抗噬菌体菌株的摇瓶种子液,将所述摇瓶种子液输入灭菌后的发酵罐内进行扩繁发酵,将所述扩繁产物进行固液分离,并将得到潮湿的固态微生物进行干燥处理,将所述各菌种的干燥产物按照配比均匀混合,即可得到微生物混合菌剂;
S3按照所述液体基质各组分的配比称取原料,均匀混合,搅拌溶解即可;
S4将所述步骤S1至S3中获得的产物混合均匀即可;
S5向所述步骤S4的液剂中加入定量的增稠剂和防腐剂。
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