CN111825776A - 一种卤化海藻多糖的制备工艺及应用 - Google Patents
一种卤化海藻多糖的制备工艺及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种卤化海藻多糖的制备工艺及应用，属于大分子有机物及其制备工艺领域。本发明卤化海藻多糖以卤素分子为配位中心，与海藻多糖的羟基或羧基形成配位键，其制备工艺包括：（1）海藻多糖与卤素分子的络合反应；（2）卤化海藻多糖的稳定化处理。本发明卤化海藻多糖是一种大分子络合物，提高络合物稳定性的同时，其抑菌与消毒活性也得到了提高，而且海藻多糖作为一种天然的大分子化合物也为动植物提供了海洋生物活性营养物质，应用更加安全高效；本发明技术填补了卤化海藻多糖制备技术的空白，可广泛应用于作物病毒病害的防治，水产品消毒和抗感染领域，具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种卤化海藻多糖的制备工艺及应用，具体涉及一种以卤素分子为配位中心，与海藻多糖的羟基或羧基配位形成大分子络合物的制备工艺及其在作物病毒、水产品养殖消毒和抗感染领域的应用，属于大分子有机物及其制备工艺领域。
背景技术
卤素可以氧化菌体中的活性基团，与氨基结合使蛋白质变性，所以具有显著的杀菌性能。如氟化钠对真菌及芽胞有强大的杀菌力，1-2%的碘酊常用作皮肤消毒，碘甘油常用于粘膜的消毒。常见的含卤素的杀菌消毒剂有漂白粉、碘酊、氯胺等。但是卤素类杀菌消毒产品的稳定性较差，易受温度、光照、蒸发等条件影响而失效，而且其消毒力受污物的影响大，需要在强酸下才有效，碱性条件下效果降低。
海藻多糖跟陆生植物中的多糖成分相比，具有特殊的海洋硫酸化结构，具有抑制病毒的作用。研究表明，海藻多糖抑制病毒作用主要通过干扰病毒与宿主细胞的粘附作用，抑制其逆转录酶活性达成。病毒感染宿主细胞主要通过识别细胞表面的糖蛋白，结合锚定之后进入细胞内部，然后进行逆转录、复制等过程。由于宿主细胞糖蛋白主要带负电荷，因此海藻多糖可以模拟宿主细胞糖蛋白，与病毒结合，从而阻断病毒感染细胞。且海藻多糖原料来源丰富，生产成本低，制备工艺简单，属于绿色环保产品。
现有专利CN 106496347 A中公开了一种海藻多糖铜络合物的制备方法，通过海藻提取多糖，再于中性条件下与铜离子通过共热法制备海藻多糖铜络合物，它可用作饲料添加剂、功能性生物肥料或植物杀菌剂；专利201510929052.1公开了一种含碘多糖，该发明中的高取代含碘多糖相对于含碘小分子，其突出优点是含碘小分子被高分子化后，细胞毒性大大降低，而且不存在由扩散导致的小分子泄露问题。分析现有技术，为发现通过卤化海藻多糖提高产品抑菌抗病效果的技术报道，为弥补现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种新型的卤化海藻多糖，是一种大分子络合物，提高稳定性的同时，抑菌与消毒活性也得到了提高，而海藻多糖作为一种天然的大分子化合物也为动植物提供了海洋生物活性营养成分，应用更加安全高效。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的卤化海藻多糖及其制备工艺，所述卤化海藻多糖稳定性高，安全环保，有效成分活性强；本发明专利技术填补了卤化海藻多糖制备技术的空白，可广泛应用于作物病毒病害的防治，水产品消毒和抗感染领域。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺及应用，该卤化海藻多糖是以卤素分子为配位中心，与海藻多糖的羟基或羧基配位形成的大分子络合物。其化学通式为：
（C6H10O5）n·X2
其中n代表自然整数，X代表氯、溴、碘等卤素原子。
一种卤化海藻多糖的制备工艺，具体如下：
（1）海藻多糖与卤素分子的络合反应：在溶剂中溶解海藻多糖使其浓度达到2~30%，再加入卤素分子，在20~50℃的条件下密封搅拌反应2~4小时。
（2）卤化海藻多糖的稳定化处理：向络合反应液中添加一定量的表面活性剂或增稠剂辅料，以增加产物的稳定性与溶解性。
本发明所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于，海藻多糖来源于海洋藻类，经提取、分离制备而成，是一种天然大分子，包括海藻淀粉、褐藻胶、卡拉胶、琼胶、岩藻聚糖、鼠李聚糖、木聚糖、甘露聚糖以及海藻中含有的各类杂多糖。
本发明所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于，溶剂为水、乙醇、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或几种。
本发明所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于，卤素为氯、溴、碘中的一种。
本发明所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于，表面活性剂为司盘类、吐温类、苄泽类、普朗尼克类中的一种。
本发明所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于，增稠剂为淀粉类、纤维素类、果胶类、海藻酸类中的一种。
本发明所述的卤化海藻多糖可用于防治病毒性病害，如对虾白斑综合症、桃拉病毒、草鱼出血病以及人类消化道病等。
本发明的有益效果是：（1）本发明的卤化海藻多糖是一种以卤素分子为配位中心的络合物，具有更好的稳定性，有利于卤化海藻多糖功能活性的发挥；（2）海藻多糖藻长期使用不会对动植物产生伤害作用，而且海藻多糖作为配合物与卤素分子结合，为动植物提供了营养成分，更加安全环保；（3）海藻多糖具有一定抑菌、抗病毒活性，可以与卤素形成协同效应，提高活性，增加了海藻多糖的应用途径；（4）海藻多糖具有明显的抗病毒作用和免疫增强作用，对多种病毒具有治疗效果，可以用于作物病毒病的防治、水产消毒剂和抗感染药品等是一种新型的抗菌抑菌生物制剂；（5）本发明卤化海藻多糖的制备方法简单，成本低廉，适合工业规模上大批量生产，具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1 碘化绿藻多糖的制备
取绿藻浒苔中水溶性多糖10g，加水溶解成10%的水溶液。取1.2g碘先溶于5mL KI溶液中，再慢慢滴加至多糖溶液中，封口，40℃下水浴搅拌反应2小时，得到碘化绿藻多糖溶液。再向反应液中添加适量吐温60和海藻酸，继续搅拌30min，即为碘化绿藻多糖，含有机碘1.2%；
实施例2 溴化海藻酸钠的制备
取海藻酸钠5g，加水配制成2%的水溶液，边搅拌边向其中缓慢滴加4mL溴水，封口，50℃下水浴搅拌反应3.5小时。再向反应液中添加适量甘油和明胶，继续搅拌30min，即为溴化海藻酸钠。
实施例4 碘化绿藻多糖在对虾白斑病中的应用
实施例1制备的碘化绿藻多糖应用于南美白对虾白斑病的防治中。试验区的南美白对虾养殖面积12亩，每口6亩，池深1.5m。2019年7月初发病时，对虾平均体长已达7.63cm。向饲料中拌料3g碘化绿藻多糖，连续投喂3天后，白斑病得到了有效控制，此后继续使用一周，正常投食饵料，再未出现病害爆发，南美白对虾长至12.11cm，成活率75％以上。说明本发明卤化海藻多糖对病毒具有治疗效果，并可促进生物成长。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其进行限制；尽管参照前述实施例对被发明进行了详细的说明，但对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而对这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种卤化海藻多糖，其特征在于其化学通式为：
（C6H10O5）n·X2
其中n代表自然整数，X代表卤素原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种卤化海藻多糖，其特征在于，所述卤化海藻多糖以卤素分子为配位中心，与海藻多糖的羟基或羧基通过配位键形成的一种大分子络合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种卤化海藻多糖，其特征在于所述卤化海藻多糖的制备工艺包括：
（1）海藻多糖与卤素分子的络合反应：在溶剂中溶解海藻多糖使其浓度达到2~30%，再加入卤素分子，在20~50℃的条件下密封搅拌反应2~4小时；
（2）卤化海藻多糖的稳定化处理：向络合反应液中添加一定量的表面活性剂或增稠剂辅料，以增加产物的稳定性与溶解性。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于所述步骤（1）中的溶剂为水、乙醇、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求3所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于所述卤素为氯、溴、碘中的一种。
6.根据权利要求3所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于所述表面活性剂为司盘类、吐温类、苄泽类、普朗尼克类中的一种。
7.根据权利要求3所述一种卤化海藻多糖制备工艺，其特征在于所述增稠剂为淀粉类、纤维素类、果胶类、海藻酸类中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种卤化海藻多糖，其特征在于所述卤化海藻多糖用于作物病毒病的防治、水产消毒剂和抗感染药品。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种卤化海藻多糖，其特征在于所述作物病毒病包括对虾白斑综合症、桃拉病毒、草鱼出血病以及人类消化道病。
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