CN111820401A - 一种制备发酵人参粉末的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备发酵人参粉末的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820401A CN111820401A CN201910308057.0A CN201910308057A CN111820401A CN 111820401 A CN111820401 A CN 111820401A CN 201910308057 A CN201910308057 A CN 201910308057A CN 111820401 A CN111820401 A CN 111820401A
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- ginseng
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- yeast
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Abstract
人参具有延缓衰老、益智益肺、滋补强壮和抗肿瘤等药理活性,被用于治疗多种疾病已有几千年的历史,此外,人参也被广泛应用于制药、化妆品等商业化领域。然而,很多人“虚不受补”,无法充分享用人参这一“久服,轻身延年”的功效,会出现上火、流鼻血、口舌生疮等现象。我们从中药古籍中熟地黄历经九蒸九晒以及神曲发酵制曲中获得启发,将人参结合现代的发酵工艺,研发发酵人参,一方面促进人参中人参皂苷及其他营养成分转化,使人体更易吸收;一方面使常量人参皂苷转化为稀有人参皂苷,使人参的营养价值提高。本发明属药用食品领域,具体涉及使用酵母菌及乳酸菌发酵人参粉,并使用催化物配方进行催化。提供一种酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵人参的组合物的制备方法并应用于保健品、食品或饮品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属药用食品领域,具体涉及使用酵母菌及乳酸菌发酵人参粉,并使用催化物配方 进行催化。
背景技术
人参,人们耳熟能详的一味中药,已有几千年的药用历史。《神农本草经》有云:“味甘 微寒。主补五脏,安精神,定魂魄,止惊悸,除邪气,明目,开心益智。久服,轻身延年。”《本草备要》:“生,甘苦,微凉;熟,甘,温。”然而,现在有很多人都无福消受这一味药, 许多人吃人参会出现上火、流鼻血、口舌生疮等现象。这不禁让我们发问,为什么“生微寒, 熟温”的人参会让人上火呢?
经过调研发现,日常生活中,有些人急于补身体,有时会大量食用人参,出现了“不受 补”的状况,这种做法是不可取的。服用人参,要秉持“少量久服”的原则。只有长期坚持服用,身体才能达到更好的修复与滋补。另外,由于一部分人的体质关系,食用人参会呈现一种排斥反应,即使是正常定量,也会有上火状况。那么,有没有办法能够让人参“平易近人”,更加适用不同体质,更易吸收呢?
我们遍查文献,发现古法炮制熟地黄需要历经九蒸九晒,从生地黄的“清热凉血,养阴 生津”的药性转变为“补血滋阴,益精填髓”;神曲是由辣蓼、青蒿、杏仁泥、赤小豆、鲜苍 耳子加入面粉或麸皮后发酵而成的曲剂,具有健脾和胃,消食化积的功效。我们从此得到启 发,人参经过发酵后,是否更易吸收呢?
人参皂苷是人参的主要药理活性成分,是一种以糖苷配基为主链,多糖、氨基酸、类黄 酮为侧链的多萜类物质,可以分为二醇型、三醇型、齐墩果酸和拟人参皂苷元。人参皂苷具 有抗肿瘤,抗疲劳,抗衰老,抗休克,抗病毒和抗炎症,抗感染,抗组织损伤,抗神经细胞凋亡,抗 应激物质代谢,促智,治疗老年痴呆,改善心脏功能,降血糖,增强机体适应性,缓解吗啡类药物 的成瘾性,减肥等功效。且人参皂苷因结构不同,而具有不同的药理活性。其中人参皂苷Rb1、 Re占总皂苷含量的大部分。稀有人参皂苷药理活性明显高于常量人参皂苷,如人参皂苷Rh1 和Rh2在抑制各种肿瘤细胞增长方面效果显著,而在人参中含量仅为万分之一和不到十万分 之二。因此,在人参中直接提取稀有皂苷用于医学治疗是很不经济的。
现代医学证明人参发酵后的产物具有较好的抗肿瘤的作用。人们服用人参及人参制剂后, 人参皂苷类在体内完成分解、吸收、分布等代谢全过程而发挥功效。前期研究中,惊奇的发现 人参皂苷几乎不被人体所吸收,口服的人参皂苷不被胃液及肝脏酶分解。人参进入人体后由于 肠道菌的作用人参皂苷在体内被转化为含侧链糖基少的人参皂苷,而侧链糖基少的人参皂苷 才能被人体肠道细胞吸收即通过改变β-葡萄糖分子的数量和位置,可以实现常量人参皂苷的 分解,甚至转化为稀有人参皂苷。
其中,分解人参皂苷的微生物存在与否及数量多少与不同体质、种族、地域、环境、生活 习性也密切相关。由此推断,服用人参及其制剂后产生的效能差异的关键是人体肠内微生物分 解人参皂苷能力的不同而导致的,所以人参皂苷的吸收有个体差异,因此其临床效果也不同。
发酵人参是与肠内微生物分解能力无关的,用微生物发酵而得到的,在体外制备的可供人 体直接吸收利用的。它主要含有人参皂苷分解物原人参萜二醇及原人参萜三醇。直接服用人 参皂苷的代谢物,克服了这种由于人体肠内微生物的不同而引起的个体差异,增加了人参的效 能。而且产品安全、疗效确定,无任何毒、副作用。
人参皂苷分解及转化方法主要有酸碱法,酶法和微生物法,酸碱法具有效率低,对环境 有害等缺点;酶法具有造价成本高,工艺复杂等缺点;微生物法反应要求低,成本低,有利 于工业化应用。目前利用微生物转化研究稀有人参皂苷已有报道,并已用于制备稀有人参皂 苷。
所以,我们计划采用发酵工艺来进行人参的发酵,一方面促进人参中人参皂苷及其他营 养成分如大蛋白的转化,使人体更易吸收;一方面使常量人参皂苷转化为稀有人参皂苷,使 人参的营养价值升高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种口味好、皂苷含量特别是稀有皂苷含量高的发酵人参粉。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵人参的组合物
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵人参的组合物的制备方法
本发明的再一个目的是提供本发明的酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵人参的组合物在保健品、食品 或饮品中的应用。
附图说明
图1人参粉、发酵人参粉TLC图谱
图2人参粉、发酵人参粉、人参标准品HPLC图
具体实施方式
(1)粉碎:将人参粉碎细度在100目,得人参粉200g;
(2)配制发酵液:600mL蒸馏水,分别加入10g活性干酵母及10g乳酸菌干粉;再加入蔗糖 10g,淀粉5g,β-葡萄糖苷酶10mg,芦丁5mg所组成的催化物,混匀
(3)发酵:在发酵液中加入步骤(1)所得人参粉,35℃发酵48h。
(4)烘干:发酵结束后,直接将人参发酵物60℃烘干,粉碎过筛,得到发酵人参粉末。
将人参粉与发酵后人参粉各取1.5g,加入30mL甲醇,超声1h,将其点于硅胶G板,展开剂为正丁醇∶乙酸乙酯∶水=4∶1∶1。展开晾干后,10%硫酸乙醇浸泡显色取出晾干。105℃加 热15min,可见光下可见点分离清晰,紫外365nm可见点分离清晰。如图1,A为人参粉末,B为发酵人参粉末,可发现两者斑点相似,但灰度略有不同,表明其成分含量有变化。
将人参粉与发酵后人参粉各取0.5g,加入5mL甲醇,超声1h,利用高效液相分析两者指 纹图谱差异。
柱温:35℃
流速:1mL/min
进样量:20U1
色谱柱:ZORBAX SB-C18(5um*4.6*250mm)
流动相:
1:人参醇提液(100mg/mL) 2:发酵人参醇提液(100mg/mL)
3:人参皂苷Rb(1mg/mL) 4:人参皂苷Rg1(1mg/mL)
5:人参皂苷Rh1(1mg/mL) 6:人参皂苷S-Rg2(1mg/mL)
7:人参皂苷Rd(1mg/mL) 8:人参皂苷R-Rg2(1mg/mL)
9:人参皂苷RC(1mg/mL)
由图2可知,人参皂苷含量均出现一定差异,并且发酵人参粉新出现了新的成分,如图2 中的55-75min等。
Claims (8)
1.一种发酵人参的组合物,其特征在于,人参经过粉碎,添加催化物及水后,经酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵处理,烘干,粉碎,得到发酵人参粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌发酵人参的催化物,其特征在于,为白砂糖、淀粉、β-葡萄糖苷酶、芦丁的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发酵人参的组合物,其特征在于,所述的人参在酵母菌在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为20-50%;乳酸菌和酵母菌在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为1.0-10%;所述的催化物在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为0.1~10%;水在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为1.0-10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌发酵人参的组合物,其特征在于,所述的人参在酵母菌在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为25%;乳酸菌和酵母菌在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为10%;所述的催化物在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为5%;水在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比为50%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵人参的组合物,其特征在于,所述的酵母菌选自球拟酵母、葡萄汁酵母、啤酒酵母或活性干酵母;所述的乳杆菌选自嗜酸乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌或植物乳杆菌。
6.根据权利要求2所述的发酵人参的催化,其特征在于,所述的发酵人参的组合物中添加蔗糖、淀粉、β-葡萄糖苷酶、芦丁,其在发酵人参的组合物中的重量g/重量g百分比分别为蔗糖1.0%、0.6%、0.002%、0.002%。
7.一种发酵人参粉末的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)粉碎:将人参粉碎细度在100~200目,得人参粉;
(2)发酵:在3倍人参粉的水中加入催化物及酵母菌和乳酸菌,加入步骤(1)所得人参粉,35℃发酵48h。
(3)烘干:发酵结束后,直接将人参发酵物60℃烘干,粉碎过筛。
8.发酵人参的组合物在保健品、食品或饮品中的应用。
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CN115444792A (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-12-09 | 山东朵拉朵尚生物科技有限公司 | 一种具有抗皱紧致功效的人参发酵液及其制备方法和应用 |
CN117025712A (zh) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-11-10 | 浙江省肿瘤医院 | 人参皂苷的提取及其在防治抗肿瘤药物导致腹泻中的用途 |
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2019
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115444792A (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-12-09 | 山东朵拉朵尚生物科技有限公司 | 一种具有抗皱紧致功效的人参发酵液及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115444792B (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2023-08-18 | 山东朵拉朵尚生物科技有限公司 | 一种具有抗皱紧致功效的人参发酵液及其制备方法和应用 |
CN117025712A (zh) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-11-10 | 浙江省肿瘤医院 | 人参皂苷的提取及其在防治抗肿瘤药物导致腹泻中的用途 |
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