CN111820316A - Fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp culture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp culture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111820316A CN111820316A CN202010620993.8A CN202010620993A CN111820316A CN 111820316 A CN111820316 A CN 111820316A CN 202010620993 A CN202010620993 A CN 202010620993A CN 111820316 A CN111820316 A CN 111820316A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- overwintering
- parts
- feed
- fermented
- pellet feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of grass carp culture after overwintering and a preparation method thereof. The prepared fermented puffed pellet feed has high contents of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus and has high nutritive value. Meanwhile, experiments prove that compared with the feed prepared by a conventional method, the fermented puffed pellet feed prepared by the technical scheme in the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding provided by the invention has the characteristics of obvious grass carp feeding effect, good feeding performance, capability of improving and purifying water quality, and wide practicability and development value for the grass carp breeding industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of aquaculture feed, in particular to the technical field of processing and preparation of fermented puffed pellet feed for grass carp aquaculture.
Background
The aquaculture industry has obvious weak and busy seasons, when the water temperature in each region drops by 11 months every year, the water temperature in each region drops rapidly, and most fishes stop eating the water when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃. During the overwintering food stopping period, food stopping time is generally as long as 4-5 months from 11 months in the current year to 4 months in the next year, and the 1 st and 2 nd step areas of the Yangtze river basin are generally from 11 months in the current year to 3 months in the next year. During the winter period, farmers stop feeding without external nutrition sources, and the fish need to consume self-stored energy to maintain basic physiological metabolism during the period.
At present, the existing grass carp overwintering feed technology mainly focuses on feeds used in the overwintering process, in order to solve the problems of reduction of body mass and fullness and resultant loss of fish in the overwintering process, the feed formula mainly pursues high fat content to provide energy sources for grass carps in the overwintering process, but in the early stage of overwintering, the weather is warm, the water temperature is increased, and residual feeds which are not eaten become hotbeds for breeding pathogenic bacteria in ponds instead, so that the feed becomes one of the causes of grass carp diseases.
The invention patent with application number 201110324558.1 in the prior art provides a health feed for grass carp overwintering and a preparation method thereof, the health feed is prepared by using ferrous sulfate, anhydrous copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, vitamin A, vitamin D, phosphorus, monocalcium acid, soybean meal, alfalfa meal, fish meal, bile acid, seaweed meal and flour, the cost is very high, and no obvious technical effect on grass carp culture is disclosed. The invention patent with the application number of 201210125676.4 and the invention patent with the application number of 201610075624.9 both provide the grass carp overwintering feed with extremely high grease content. The invention patent with the application number of 201810093305.X provides the grass carp overwintering feed with low fat content, but the coarse white matter content and the calcium and phosphorus content of the grass carp overwintering feed are relatively low. The invention patent with the application number of 201910967251.X provides a feed only used for breeding new grass carps in central China, and the feed coefficient is high and the conversion efficiency is not high.
In the early stage of the overwintering period of the grass carp, the immunity is low, the grass carp grows slowly, and a part of epiphytes and parasitic trichodina still remain in water, so that saprolegniasis of the grass carp body and gill rot caused by parasites can be caused at any time. At present, few feeds specially designed for early-stage culture of the grass carps after wintering exist in the market, so that the grass carps in the later stage of the early-stage culture after wintering are low in immunity and easy to suffer from diseases. Therefore, the development of the feed which can be suitable for feeding the grass carps in the early culture stage after overwintering has wide development value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems reported in the prior art that fermented puffed pellet feed suitable for initial feeding of grass carps after wintering is fresh, the invention aims to provide fermented puffed pellet feed suitable for initial feeding of grass carps after wintering and a preparation method thereof, compared with the prior art, the fermented puffed pellet feed is prepared by adopting a processing technology of aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation combined with soybean oil-removed compound anaerobic bacteria seed liquid and aerobic seed liquid, the prepared fermented puffed pellet feed for the initial feeding of the grass carps after wintering has high nutritional value, obvious feeding effect on the grass carps, obvious improvement on specific growth rate, obvious feed coefficient, apparent feed dry matter digestibility, apparent feed protein digestibility, apparent feed fat digestibility, daily gain, visceral body ratio and liver body ratio, good feeding performance and clear pond surface after feeding, can improve and purify water quality, has wide practicability and development value for the grass carp breeding industry.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the soybean meal, the fine bran, the flour, the corn and the externally sprayed soybean oil are compounded, the soybean meal 710-containing material 590 parts, the fine bran 160-containing material 120 parts, the flour 140-60 parts, the corn 115-55 parts and the externally sprayed soybean oil 55-35 parts are used as formulas, the early-stage fermented expanded pellet feed for the overwintering grass carp breeding and the preparation process thereof are provided, and the prepared early-stage fermented expanded pellet feed for the overwintering grass carp breeding has higher content of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus and has higher nutritional value according to scientific design and optimized process experiments. Meanwhile, experiments prove that compared with the feed prepared by a conventional method, the fermented puffed pellet feed prepared by the technical scheme in the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding provided by the invention has the characteristics of obvious grass carp feeding effect, good feeding performance, capability of improving and purifying water quality, and wide practicability and development value for the grass carp breeding industry.
The invention particularly provides fermented expanded pellet feed for early culture of overwintering grass carps, which comprises expanded raw materials in parts by weight: 590 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of fine bran, 140-60 parts of flour, 115-55 parts of corn and 55-35 parts of externally sprayed soybean oil.
Preferably, the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the culture of the overwintering grass carps is prepared from 680-620 parts of soybean meal, 130 parts of fine bran, 120-80 parts of flour, 100-70 parts of corn and 50-40 parts of externally sprayed soybean oil.
More preferably, the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding is prepared from 650 parts of soybean meal, 140 parts of fine bran, 100 parts of flour, 85 parts of corn and 45 parts of externally sprayed soybean oil.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a preparation method of the fermented puffed pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding, which is specifically prepared by the following technical steps:
(1) activating lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus to 1 × 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL;
(2) respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108The amount of the active carbon is one/mL,mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid;
(3) after the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaning and removing impurities, crushing to 2.5mm, adding the first batch of small materials, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultramicro crushing, allowing 80-mesh 90% to pass through, adding the second batch of small materials, and uniformly mixing. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles;
(4) fermenting the puffed material particles prepared in the step (3) and the aerobic bacteria seed liquid prepared in the step (2) for 24-48h at the inoculation amount of 10-20% at 26-34 ℃ for solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials;
(5) carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the predigested expanded feed particles prepared in the step (4) and the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid prepared in the step (1) according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, wherein the fermentation temperature is 33-41 ℃, and the fermentation time is 72-120 h;
(6) and (3) crushing and sieving the granular material obtained in the step (5), adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11 percent (30-35 percent), and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granular feed.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding, solid aerobic fermentation is carried out on aerobic bacteria seed liquid according to 15% of inoculation amount.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding, the anaerobic bacteria seed solution is subjected to solid anaerobic fermentation according to the inoculation amount of 7%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding is characterized in that the solid aerobic fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 36 hours.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding is characterized in that the solid anaerobic fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the fermentation time is 96 hours.
After the bacillus subtilis enters the intestinal tract of the grass carp, biological oxygen deprivation is carried out through rapid increment, the growth of aerobic harmful microorganisms in the intestinal tract is inhibited, the growth of anaerobic probiotics is promoted, and the intestinal microecological balance is adjusted. Meanwhile, various enzymes such as cellulase, protease and the like are secreted to promote the absorption of feed nutrients. Dissolved in water can consume organic matters in the water, and can improve and purify water quality. The strain has strong stress resistance and high production stability. The lactobacillus acidophilus is quickly planted in the intestinal tract under the anaerobic environment created by the bacillus subtilis, the quantity of probiotics in the intestinal tract is increased, a large amount of organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and the like are secreted, the pH value of the intestinal tract is reduced, antibiotic substances such as lactobacillus acidophilus, lactein and the like can be secreted, and the inhibition effect on the intestinal pathogenic bacteria is obvious. The saccharomyces cerevisiae used can generate unique fermentation flavor after being used for solid state fermentation, and can synthesize various enzymes and rich metabolites such as amino acid, organic acid, rich B vitamins, cell wall polysaccharide and the like, and increase the content of crude protein in materials. Has good food calling effect, promotes gastric secretion and intestinal peristalsis, improves palatability and digestibility of the feed, and has effects of promoting animal growth and enhancing immunity. The material is crushed into 30-40 mesh and then heated and pressurized in a sealed container, and the pressure is released quickly to make the material expand in the air. The function of the feed puffing is to reduce the content of natural bacteria in the raw materials, improve the sanitary quality of the feed, improve the gelatinization degree of starch, enhance the curing fragrance, and provide the feed with high sterility, curing and palatability for the early culture of the grass carps after wintering.
Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) selected by the invention are common publicly known strains, and can be purchased through public channels by ordinary technicians in the field, and the culture conditions and the culture modes of the three strains can be obtained by common reports in the field.
By implementing the technical scheme of the invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:
(1) the fermented puffed pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding, which is produced by the invention, has higher contents of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, higher nutritional value and simple processing method, is suitable for breeding and feeding the overwintering grass carp, and has wide practicability and development value for the grass carp breeding industry.
(2) According to scientific design and optimized process experiments, the processing technology of the fermented expanded pellet feed at the initial stage of the overwintering grass carp culture is orthogonally optimized, the problems of eutrophication of the water quality of the overwintering pond, high pH value of water and the like are solved by selecting lactobacillus acidophilus and bacillus subtilis, and the problems of poor fish body quality, more intestinal diseases and the like are solved by selecting saccharomyces cerevisiae. Puffing and granulating raw materials, and fermenting with probiotics, so that natural bacteria of the raw materials are eliminated at high temperature, and the infection risk of pathogenic bacteria is reduced; the number of beneficial bacteria is increased; the raw materials are predigested, so that small molecular substances are added, and the nutrient absorption of the feed is promoted.
(3) Functional tests prove that after the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture, which is produced by the invention, is used for feeding the grass carp culture, the specific growth rate is obviously improved, the feed coefficient, the apparent digestibility of dry matter in the feed, the apparent digestibility of protein in the feed, the apparent digestibility of fat in the feed, the daily gain, the visceral volume ratio and the liver volume ratio are obviously improved, the feeding performance is good, the surface of a pond after feeding is clear, the water quality can be improved and purified, and the fermented expanded pellet feed has wide practicability and development value for the grass carp culture industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a process diagram of the fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of grass carp culture after overwintering.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of the inoculation amount of the aerobic bacteria seed liquid on the content of crude protein in the fermented expanded pellet feed.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of the inoculum size of the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid on the content of crude protein in the fermented expanded pellet feed.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of aerobic fermentation time on the crude protein content of fermented expanded pellet feed.
FIG. 5 shows the effect of aerobic fermentation temperature on the crude protein content of fermented expanded pellet feed.
FIG. 6 shows the effect of anaerobic fermentation time on the crude protein content of fermented expanded pellet feed.
FIG. 7 shows the effect of anaerobic fermentation temperature on the crude protein content of fermented expanded pellet feed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The reagent of the invention: potassium sulfate, concentrated sulfuric acid, copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, methyl orange indicator, boric acid, distilled water, hydrochloric acid, ethanolamine, o-cresolphthalein complexing agent, potassium hydroxide, 8-hydroxyquinoline, ethanol, calcium carbonate, ammonium metavanadate, nitric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, anhydrous calcium chloride, sodium hydroxide standard, potassium hydrogen phthalate standard and n-octanol.
The instrument involved in the invention: graduated cylinder, spatula, electronic balance, mortar, analytical sieve (aperture 0.45mm (40 mesh)), analytical balance: the device comprises a sensing volume, an electric furnace, a burette, a Kjeldahl flask, a Kjeldahl distillation device, a conical flask, a volumetric flask, an ear washing ball, weighing paper, a crucible, a muffle furnace, an electric furnace, filter paper, a high-temperature resistance furnace, an electric heating thermostat, a digester, a vacuum pump, a suction bottle and a dryer.
All reagents, instruments and raw materials used in the present invention are well known in the art and are not intended to limit the practice of the present invention, and other reagents and equipment well known in the art may be used in the practice of the following embodiments of the present invention.
Although the three kinds of bacteria selected by the invention are common public known strains, the three kinds of bacteria can be purchased and obtained by public channels by common technicians in the field, and the monomer bacteria culture conditions, the culture medium and the culture method of the three kinds of bacteria can be obtained by common reports in the field, but the prior art does not disclose, and the preparation of the fermented expanded granular feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture by simultaneously adopting liquid aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation and the corresponding culture medium and effectively proportioning the three kinds of bacteria is not reported.
The first embodiment is as follows: fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
The invention particularly provides fermented expanded pellet feed for early culture of overwintering grass carps, which comprises expanded raw materials in parts by weight: 590 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of fine bran, 140-60 parts of flour, 115-55 parts of corn and 55-35 parts of externally sprayed soybean oil.
Example two: preparation of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
Referring to the attached drawing 1, the first embodiment provides a preparation method of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of grass carp culture after overwintering, and the preparation method specifically adopts the following technical steps:
(1) activating lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus to 1 × 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL;
(2) respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108Mixing the strains per mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid;
(3) after the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaning and removing impurities, crushing to 2.5mm, adding the first batch of small materials, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultramicro crushing, allowing 80-mesh 90% to pass through, adding the second batch of small materials, and uniformly mixing. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles;
(4) fermenting the puffed material particles prepared in the step (3) and the aerobic bacteria seed liquid prepared in the step (2) for 24-48h at the inoculation amount of 10-20% at 26-34 ℃ for solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials;
(5) carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the predigested expanded feed particles prepared in the step (4) and the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid prepared in the step (1) according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, wherein the fermentation temperature is 33-41 ℃, and the fermentation time is 72-120 h;
(6) and (3) crushing and sieving the granular material obtained in the step (5), adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11 percent (30-35 percent), and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granular feed.
Example three: preparation of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
With reference to FIG. 1, the lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus was activated to 1X 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL; respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108Mixing the strains per mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid; 710kg of soybean meal, 160kg of fine bran, 140kg of flour, 115kg of corn and 55kg of externally sprayed soybean oil, wherein the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaned and removed, crushed to 2.5mm, added with a first batch of small materials and uniformly mixed for superfine crushing, 80 meshes of 90 percent of the mixture passes through, added with a second batch of small materials and uniformly mixed. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles; fermenting the prepared puffed material particles and the prepared aerobic bacteria seed liquid for 24 hours at 26 ℃ according to the inoculation amount of 10 percent, and carrying out solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials; carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the prepared predigested puffed material particles and anaerobic bacteria seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent, wherein the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, and the fermentation time is 72 hours; and (3) crushing and sieving the granulated material, adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11%, and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granulated feed.
Example four: preparation of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
With reference to FIG. 1, the lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus was activated to 1X 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL; respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108Mixing the strains per mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid; 680kg of soybean meal, 150kg of fine bran, 120kg of flour, 100kg of corn and 50kg of externally sprayed soybean oil, wherein the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaned and decontaminated, crushed to 2.5mm, added with a first batch of small materials to be uniformly mixed, subjected to superfine crushing, 80-mesh 90% passes through, added with a second batch of small materials to be uniformly mixed. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles; inoculating 13% of the prepared puffed material granule and the prepared aerobic bacteria seed liquid at 28 deg.CFermenting for 30h, and performing solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials; carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the prepared predigested puffed material particles and anaerobic bacteria seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 6 percent, wherein the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 84 hours; and (3) crushing and sieving the granulated material, adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11%, and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granulated feed.
Example five: preparation of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
With reference to FIG. 1, the lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus was activated to 1X 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL; respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108Mixing the strains per mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid; 650kg of soybean meal, 140kg of fine bran, 100kg of flour, 85kg of corn and 45kg of externally sprayed soybean oil, wherein the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaned and decontaminated, crushed to 2.5mm, added with the first batch of small materials and uniformly mixed for ultramicro crushing, 80 meshes of 90 percent of the mixture pass through, added with the second batch of small materials and uniformly mixed. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles; fermenting the prepared puffed material particles and the prepared aerobic bacteria seed liquid for 36 hours at 30 ℃ according to 15 percent of inoculation amount, and carrying out solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials; carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the prepared predigested puffed material particles and anaerobic bacteria seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 7 percent, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the fermentation time is 96 hours; and (3) crushing and sieving the granulated material, adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11%, and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granulated feed.
Example six: preparation of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
With reference to FIG. 1, the lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus was activated to 1X 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL; respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108Mixing the strains per mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid; 620kg of soybean meal, 130kg of fine bran, 80kg of flour, 70kg of corn and 40kg of externally sprayed soybean oil, after the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaning and impurity removal are carried out, and the mixture is crushed to be the powder2.5mm, adding the first small material, mixing uniformly, performing superfine grinding, passing through 80 meshes of 90 percent, adding the second small material, and mixing uniformly. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles; fermenting the prepared puffed material particles and the prepared aerobic bacteria seed liquid for 42 hours at 32 ℃ according to 17 percent of inoculation amount, and carrying out solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials; carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the prepared predigested puffed material particles and anaerobic bacteria seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 8 percent, wherein the fermentation temperature is 39 ℃, and the fermentation time is 108 h; and (3) crushing and sieving the granulated material, adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11%, and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granulated feed.
Example seven: preparation of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
With reference to FIG. 1, the lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus was activated to 1X 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL; respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108Mixing the strains per mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid; 590kg of soybean meal, 120kg of fine bran, 60kg of flour, 55kg of corn and 35kg of externally sprayed soybean oil, wherein the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaned and decontaminated, crushed to 2.5mm, added with the first batch of small materials and uniformly mixed for ultramicro crushing, 80 meshes of 90 percent of the mixture pass through, added with the second batch of small materials and uniformly mixed. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles; fermenting the prepared puffed material particles and the prepared aerobic bacteria seed liquid for 48 hours at 34 ℃ according to the inoculation amount of 20 percent, and carrying out solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials; carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the prepared predigested puffed material particles and anaerobic bacteria seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 10%, wherein the fermentation temperature is 41 ℃, and the fermentation time is 120 h; and (3) crushing and sieving the granulated material, adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11%, and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granulated feed.
Example eight: quality detection of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of grass carp culture after overwintering
The fermented expanded pellet feeds prepared based on the technical schemes provided by the third to seventh embodiments are respectively numbered in 1-5 groups, and the indexes of moisture, volume weight, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, calcium and phosphorus of the fermented expanded pellet feeds are detected by the following specific detection method:
(1) determination of moisture content
According to the method for measuring the feed water in GB/T6435-2006;
(2) feed volume weight measurement
1. The feed is crushed by a crusher (10-mesh sieve plate) with uniform use effect.
2. The sample was very light and carefully placed into a 1000 ml graduated cylinder until just 10 ml was reached. The volume was adjusted with a spatula.
3. The sample was poured out of the cylinder and weighed.
4. The bulk weights of the samples were calculated in g/L, and the measurement was repeated three times for each sample, and the average value thereof was used as the bulk weight.
(3) Determination of feed crude protein content
Performing nitrogen determination according to GB/T6432-1994 Kjeldahl method;
(4) determination of crude fat content in feed
Performing Soxhlet extraction with diethyl ether in GB 6433-1994;
(5) determination of feed crude fiber content
According to the measuring method of the crude fiber in the feed of GB/T6434-2006;
(6) determination of coarse ash content in feed
According to the method for measuring the coarse ash content in the feed of GB/T6438-1992;
(7) determination of calcium content in feed
According to the method for measuring calcium in GB/T6436-2002 feed;
(8) phosphorus determination of feed content
The method is carried out according to the method for measuring the total phosphorus in the GB/T6437-2002 feed;
the measurement results of the quality detection of the fermented expanded pellet feed in the early stage of the grass carp culture after overwintering are shown in table 1.
Table 1: quality detection of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of grass carp culture after overwintering
Example nine: optimized processing technology of fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of grass carp culture after overwintering
1. Single factor test
The crude white matter content of the fermented expanded pellet feed is taken as an index, the influence of the inoculation amount of the aerobic bacteria seed liquid, the inoculation amount of the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid, the aerobic fermentation time, the aerobic fermentation temperature, the anaerobic fermentation time and the anaerobic fermentation temperature on the crude white matter content of the fermented expanded pellet feed is considered, and the measurement results are shown in the attached figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
(1) Influence of inoculation amount of aerobic bacterium seed liquid on crude protein content
FIG. 2 shows the effect of the inoculation amount of the aerobic bacteria seed liquid on the content of crude protein in the fermented expanded pellet feed. As can be seen from the attached figure 2, the content of crude protein in the fermented expanded pellet feed is gradually increased along with the increase of the inoculation amount of the aerobic bacterial seed liquid, when the inoculation amount of the aerobic bacterial seed liquid reaches 15%, the content of the crude protein is the highest, and the content of the crude protein is reduced along with the increase of the inoculation amount of the aerobic bacterial seed liquid. Therefore, the inoculation amounts of the aerobic bacteria seed liquid of 13 percent, 15 percent and 17 percent are selected to carry out orthogonal optimization experiments.
(2) Influence of inoculum size of anaerobic bacteria seed liquid on crude protein content
Comparing the influence of the inoculum size of the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid on the crude protein content, the attached figure 3 shows that the inoculum size of the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid reaches 7 percent, the crude protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed reaches the highest value, and the crude protein content is reduced along with the increase of the inoculum size of the aerobic bacteria seed liquid. Therefore, 6%, 7% and 8% of the inoculum size of the aerobic bacteria seed liquid is selected for orthogonal optimization test.
(3) Effect of aerobic fermentation time on crude protein content
As can be seen from the attached figure 4, the content of the crude protein in the fermented expanded pellet feed is gradually increased along with the increase of the aerobic fermentation time, and when the aerobic fermentation time is 36 hours, the content of the crude protein in the fermented expanded pellet feed reaches the maximum value, and the content of the crude protein is reduced along with the increase of the aerobic fermentation time. Therefore, aerobic fermentation times of 30h, 36h and 42h are selected for orthogonal optimization experiments.
(4) Effect of aerobic fermentation temperature on crude protein content
As can be seen from the attached figure 5, the content of the crude protein of the fermented expanded pellet feed is gradually increased along with the increase of the aerobic fermentation temperature, when the aerobic fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, the content of the crude protein of the fermented expanded pellet feed reaches the maximum value, and the content of the crude protein is reduced along with the increase of the aerobic fermentation temperature. Therefore, the aerobic fermentation temperature of 28 ℃, 30 ℃ and 32 ℃ is selected for carrying out orthogonal optimization test.
(5) Effect of anaerobic fermentation time on crude protein content
As can be seen from the attached figure 6, the crude protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed is gradually increased along with the increase of the anaerobic fermentation time, when the anaerobic fermentation time is 96 hours, the crude protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed reaches the highest value, and the crude protein content is reduced along with the increase of the anaerobic fermentation time. Therefore, the anaerobic fermentation time is selected to be 84h, 96h and 108h for orthogonal optimization experiment.
(6) Effect of anaerobic fermentation temperature on crude protein content
As can be seen from the attached figure 7, the crude protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed is gradually increased along with the increase of the anaerobic fermentation temperature, when the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, the crude protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed reaches the highest value, and the crude protein content is reduced along with the increase of the anaerobic fermentation temperature. Therefore, the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, 37 ℃ and 39 ℃ for orthogonal optimization test.
2. Design of orthogonal experiments
Taking the single-factor test result as the basis, adopting an orthogonal test design principle, and taking 6 factors of the inoculation amount of the aerobic bacteria seed liquid, the inoculation amount of the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid, the aerobic fermentation time, the aerobic fermentation temperature, the anaerobic fermentation time and the anaerobic fermentation temperature, which are respectively represented by A, B, C, D, E, F, carrying out orthogonal analysis test to determine the optimal processing technology of the fermented expanded pellet feed in the initial stage of the grass carp culture after overwintering. The experimental design is shown in table 2.
Table 2: orthogonal design factor of processing technology of fermented puffed pellet feed
3. Orthogonal test factor and horizontal design of fermented puffed pellet feed processing technology
Through L (6)3) And (3) performing optimization tests on 3 different levels by using 6 factors of aerobic bacteria seed liquid inoculation amount, anaerobic bacteria seed liquid inoculation amount, aerobic fermentation time, aerobic fermentation temperature, anaerobic fermentation time and anaerobic fermentation temperature according to an orthogonal design table. The orthogonal test factors and the horizontal design of the processing technique of the fermented expanded pellet feed are shown in table 2, and the orthogonal test design and the test results of the processing technique of the fermented expanded pellet feed are shown in table 3.
Table 3: orthogonal test table for processing technology of fermented puffed pellet feed
The above single factor test mainly discusses 6 main single factors affecting the crude protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed. In practice, however, the individual factors are cross-affected. Therefore, in order to make the test more scientific and comprehensive, 3 levels around the optimal addition ratio of each factor are selected, orthogonal tests (see table 3) are designed, and the optimal processing technology of the product is determined according to the result obtained by measuring the content of crude protein as a technical index. As can be seen from Table 3, the factor affecting the crude white matter content of the fermented expanded pellet feed is in turn E>D>F>A>B>C. Namely anaerobic fermentation time pairThe influence of the protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed is the largest, and the optimal fermentation time is 96 hours; the aerobic fermentation temperature has a second important influence on the content of crude white matter of the fermented expanded pellet feed, and the optimal fermentation temperature is 30 ℃; the anaerobic fermentation temperature plays a secondary role in the content of crude white matter of the fermented expanded pellet feed, and the optimal fermentation temperature is 37 ℃; the aerobic fermentation time has the minimum influence on the crude protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed, and the optimal level is 36 h. The optimal combination of 6 factors is therefore A2B2C2D2E2F2. Therefore, the optimal process combination for preparing the fermented puffed pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture comprises the following steps: 15 percent of inoculation amount of aerobic bacteria seed liquid, 7 percent of inoculation amount of anaerobic bacteria seed liquid, 36 hours of aerobic fermentation time, 30 ℃ of aerobic fermentation temperature, 96 hours of anaerobic fermentation time and 37 ℃ of anaerobic fermentation temperature, wherein the protein content of the fermented expanded pellet feed is 35.09 percent under the condition.
Example ten: feeding effect of fermented puffed pellet feed in early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
The fermented puffed pellet feed prepared based on the technical scheme provided by the fifth embodiment with the optimal effect in the embodiments is used for detecting the feeding effect of the fermented puffed pellet feed at the early stage of the overwintering grass carp breeding and determining the influence of the prepared fermented puffed pellet feed on the growth performance of the grass carps. The test site is a Xinjiang Huichuan fishpond, the test time is from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 5 months (the environmental temperature is lower), the test is started (the environment temperature is lower), the test is fed for 45 days, the feeding amount is 6825kg, the pond is 18000 grass carp stored, the initial average weight is 100g, the test group is fed with the fermented expanded pellet feed prepared by the technical scheme provided by the fifth embodiment of the invention, the control group is fed with basic ration according to the requirements of Chinese grass carp feed standard (GBT36205-2018), the formula comprises 4-6 parts of fish meal, 18-22 parts of bean pulp, 18-22 parts of rapeseed meal, 18-22 parts of corn, 23-25 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of vegetable oil and 0.5 part of table salt. The weight of the control group is 415-505g, and the weight of the experimental group is 550-595 g. Specific growth rate SGR/%, daily gain/g, visceral body ratio/%, hepatic body ratio/%, fullness (body weight g/body length 3cm), feed factor, apparent digestibility of feed dry matter/%, apparent digestibility of feed protein/%, apparent digestibility of feed fat/% and feeding condition index were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 4:
table 4: feeding effect of fermented puffed pellet feed in early stage of overwintering grass carp breeding
| Project index | Control group | Test group |
| Specific growth rate SGR/% | 3.39±0.2 | 3.88±0.08 |
| Daily gain/g | 7-9 | 9-10 |
| Visceral volume ratio/%) | 11 | 9 |
| Liver volume ratio/%) | 2.94±0.35 | 2.87±0.25 |
| Fullness (weight g/length 3cm) | 2.6 (partial fertilizer) | 2.1 (Balanced) |
| Coefficient of feed | 0.97 | 0.8 |
| Apparent digestibility of dry matter of feed/%) | 73.55 | 75.75 |
| Apparent digestibility/% of feed protein | 77.44 | 88.56 |
| Apparent digestibility of feed fat/%) | 80.62 | 82.51 |
| Ingestion status | Normal food intake | Crowd robbing food |
2. Influence on pond water quality
Observing the pond water bodies of the control group and the test group through a feeding effect determination test, and determining the pH condition of the water bodies, wherein stains are on the surfaces of the ponds of the control group, and the pH is about 8.5; the pond surface of the test group is clear, and the pH value is stable between 7.5 and 8.0.
The fermented expanded pellet feed prepared by the technical method provided by the invention has a remarkable effect on early culture of the overwintering grass carp, has a good food calling effect, has the effects of promoting the growth, enhancing the immunity and the like on animals, and can improve and purify the water quality.
Example eleven: effect comparison of fermented puffed pellet feed in early stage of grass carp culture after overwintering
The numbers of 1-5 of the fermented puffed pellet feed prepared by the technical schemes in the third embodiment to the seventh embodiment of the invention in the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture are respectively compared with the numbers of 6-10 of the grass carp feed prepared by the patent application No. 201110324558.1, the patent application No. 201210125676.4, the patent application No. 201610075624.9, the patent application No. 201810093305.X and the patent application No. 201910967251.X in the prior art report, feeding effects are compared, and the test conditions are determined to be consistent with those in the tenth embodiment. Specific growth rate SGR/%, fullness (body weight g/body length 3cm), feed factor and feeding condition were measured. The measurement results are shown in table 5:
table 5: feeding effect of different feeds
According to the comparison of the detection results, compared with the feed for the grass carp to move in the early stage of the culture of the grass carp after overwintering, the fermented expanded pellet feed provided by the invention has a better feeding effect, but has an optimal effect compared with the preparation method provided by the fifth embodiment. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the specific growth rate SGR/%, the fullness, the feed coefficient and the feeding condition after the feeding of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture are obviously higher than the feeding effect of the feed for the overwintering grass carp prepared by the prior technical scheme.
The new invention adopts the prior common general knowledge as the basis of the prior art. In fact, except for the original invention, any invention is not based on the prior art means and the technical elements, and is the result of further innovation on the basis of the prior art means. The preparation of fermented expanded pellet feed by compounding bean pulp, fine bran, flour, corn and externally sprayed soybean oil, and the technologies of fermentation, expansion, mixing and the like are the basis of the prior art, but how to fully reserve nutrient substances in the feed, how to coordinate the proportion among all raw materials, how to ensure that the cake is high in nutritive value obtained by a series of processes, and has obvious feeding effect on grass carps, obviously improved specific growth rate, obvious feed coefficient, apparent feed dry matter digestion rate, apparent feed protein digestion rate, apparent feed fat digestion rate, daily gain, visceral ratio and liver ratio, good feeding performance, clear pond surface after feeding, and the characteristic of improving and purifying water quality needs to be repeatedly verified by a series of unpredictable scientific experiments. For the reasons, although the application utilizes the conventional technical means as the basis and provides the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the culture of the overwintering grass carps and the preparation method thereof through scientific experiments on the basis, six technical steps in the provided preparation method of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the culture of the overwintering grass carps are combined with the raw material proportion to form a whole, the preparation method has the technical steps of integral inseparability and incapability of randomly decomposing the raw materials, the whole preparation method can achieve the aims of high nutritional value of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the culture of the overwintering grass carps, obvious feeding effect for the grass carps, obvious improvement of specific growth rate, obvious feed coefficient, apparent feed dry matter digestibility, apparent feed protein digestibility, apparent feed fat gain digestibility, daily and visceral ratio, obvious liver-body ratio improvement and good feeding performance, and the surface of the pond is clear after feeding, the water quality can be improved and purified, and the method has wide practicability and development value for the grass carp breeding industry.
As mentioned above, the above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the test, and are not intended to limit the scope of the test, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the test by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the design of the test should fall within the protection scope determined by the test.
Claims (9)
1. The fermented puffed pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture is characterized by comprising puffed raw materials in parts by weight: 590 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of fine bran, 140-60 parts of flour, 115-55 parts of corn and 55-35 parts of externally sprayed soybean oil.
2. The fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising expanded raw materials in parts by weight: soybean meal 680-620 parts, fine bran 150-130 parts, flour 120-80 parts, corn 100-70 parts and externally sprayed soybean oil 50-40 parts.
3. The fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the overwintering grass carp culture of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising expanded raw materials in parts by weight: 650 parts of soybean meal, 140 parts of fine bran, 100 parts of flour, 85 parts of corn and 45 parts of externally sprayed soybean oil.
4. The preparation method of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the culture of the overwintering grass carps as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) activating lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus to 1 × 109Preparing anaerobic bacteria seed liquid per mL;
(2) respectively activating lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis to 1 × 108Mixing the strains per mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare aerobic bacteria seed liquid;
(3) after the raw materials are uniformly mixed, cleaning and removing impurities, crushing to 2.5mm, adding the first batch of small materials, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultramicro crushing, allowing 80-mesh 90% to pass through, adding the second batch of small materials, and uniformly mixing. Tempering at 85 deg.C for 3min, pumping into a sealed puffing chamber, heating at 140 deg.C for 3-5 s, quickly releasing pressure, expanding the raw material by exposing in air, sieving to obtain a ring membrane with particle diameter, spraying oil, sieving, charging, and packaging to obtain puffed particles;
(4) fermenting the puffed material particles prepared in the step (3) and the aerobic bacteria seed liquid prepared in the step (2) for 24-48h at the inoculation amount of 10-20% at 26-34 ℃ for solid aerobic fermentation to fully pre-digest the materials;
(5) carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation on the predigested expanded feed particles prepared in the step (4) and the anaerobic bacteria seed liquid prepared in the step (1) according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, wherein the fermentation temperature is 33-41 ℃, and the fermentation time is 72-120 h;
(6) and (3) crushing and sieving the granular material obtained in the step (5), adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 11 percent (30-35 percent), and bagging to obtain the fermented expanded granular feed.
5. The method for preparing fermented expanded pellet feed for the initial stage of grass carp culture after overwintering as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aerobic bacterial seed liquid is subjected to solid aerobic fermentation at an inoculation amount of 15%.
6. The method for preparing fermented expanded pellet feed for the initial stage of grass carp culture after overwintering as claimed in claim 4, wherein the anaerobic seed solution is subjected to solid anaerobic fermentation at an inoculation amount of 7%.
7. The method for preparing fermented expanded pellet feed for the initial stage of grass carp culture after overwintering as claimed in claim 4, wherein the solid aerobic fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ and the fermentation time is 36 h.
8. The method for preparing fermented expanded pellet feed for the initial stage of grass carp culture after overwintering as claimed in claim 4, wherein the solid anaerobic fermentation temperature is 37 ℃ and the fermentation time is 96 h.
9. The application of the fermented expanded pellet feed for the early stage of the culture of the overwintering grass carps as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in the early stage of the culture of the overwintering grass carps.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010620993.8A CN111820316A (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp culture and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010620993.8A CN111820316A (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp culture and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111820316A true CN111820316A (en) | 2020-10-27 |
Family
ID=72900944
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010620993.8A Pending CN111820316A (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp culture and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111820316A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228164A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2011-11-02 | 湖南湘北水产饲料有限公司 | Grass carp feed and preparation method thereof |
| RU2010118125A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Воронежская государственная технологическая акад | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUNCTIONAL EXPANDED AQUARIUS FOR CARP FISH OF VARIOUS AGE GROUPS |
| CN103202407A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-07-17 | 新疆泰昆集团股份有限公司 | Puffed aquatic feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN106260792A (en) * | 2016-10-22 | 2017-01-04 | 李磊 | A kind of micro-ecological feed preventing grass carp parent fishes enteritis and using method thereof |
| CN108013213A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-11 | 高嘉泰 | A kind of moist microorganism particle fermented feed for aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN110338275A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-18 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of extrusion type biological fermentation feed and its preparation and application method |
| CN110574846A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-17 | 广州市诚一水产科技有限公司 | Feed for new grass carps in different breeding seasons and feeding method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-06-30 CN CN202010620993.8A patent/CN111820316A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2010118125A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Воронежская государственная технологическая акад | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUNCTIONAL EXPANDED AQUARIUS FOR CARP FISH OF VARIOUS AGE GROUPS |
| CN102228164A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2011-11-02 | 湖南湘北水产饲料有限公司 | Grass carp feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN103202407A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-07-17 | 新疆泰昆集团股份有限公司 | Puffed aquatic feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN106260792A (en) * | 2016-10-22 | 2017-01-04 | 李磊 | A kind of micro-ecological feed preventing grass carp parent fishes enteritis and using method thereof |
| CN108013213A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-11 | 高嘉泰 | A kind of moist microorganism particle fermented feed for aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN110338275A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-18 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of extrusion type biological fermentation feed and its preparation and application method |
| CN110574846A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-17 | 广州市诚一水产科技有限公司 | Feed for new grass carps in different breeding seasons and feeding method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106260540B (en) | Biological feed for creep feed and creep feed | |
| CN110934238A (en) | Fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104770575B (en) | A kind of Radix Astragali probiotics and its preparation method and application | |
| CN102559545A (en) | Composite micro-ecological preparation for aquatic product and premix thereof | |
| CN106922952B (en) | Method for preparing polypeptide-rich protein feed additive by solid state fermentation of aspergillus oryzae | |
| CN111066946A (en) | Preparation method and application of pelletization-free prawn fermented feed | |
| CN109362996A (en) | A kind of expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof of suitable cray intensive culture | |
| CN101946851B (en) | Biological protein feed, preparation method thereof and using method thereof | |
| CN105543131A (en) | Compound bacteria/cottonseed meal fermented feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1955276A (en) | Organic microbial composite and use | |
| CN105981927A (en) | Bioactive companion pellet feed suitable for weaning piglets and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111066945A (en) | Pelletization-free prawn fermented feed | |
| CN110317753A (en) | A kind of bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum, liquid fermentation process and its application | |
| CN110192595A (en) | A kind of composite microorganism additive agent for milk cattle feed stuff and its preparation method and application | |
| CN107668411A (en) | A kind of green ecological mixed feed suitable for rice fishing synthesis breeding and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104381615A (en) | Method for producing cordyceps sinensis feed additive and product | |
| CN111647541A (en) | Clostridium butyricum viable bacteria preparation, production method thereof and animal feed additive | |
| CN111676155A (en) | Bacillus licheniformis and application thereof in aquaculture | |
| WO2023124450A1 (en) | Bacillus velezensis strain and use thereof | |
| CN114891680B (en) | Pre-digestion feed for improving health and growth of herbivorous and omnivorous aquatic animals | |
| CN111820316A (en) | Fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp culture and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110050909A (en) | A kind of high activity aquatic products fermented feed | |
| CN105341508A (en) | Puffing feed for carassius auratus gibelio and preparation method of puffing feed | |
| CN109321478A (en) | It is a kind of degrade mycotoxin bacterial strain yk18 and its application | |
| CN114190486A (en) | Microbial fermented feed for preventing and treating constipation of sows and sow breeding method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |