CN111820179A

CN111820179A - Paddy field-based crayfish breeding system, crayfish fry breeding method and application

Info

Publication number: CN111820179A
Application number: CN202010859656.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐钢春; 徐跑; 何杰; 邴旭文; 朱健; 许洪杰
Original assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2020-08-24
Filing date: 2020-08-24
Publication date: 2020-10-27
Also published as: ZA202105916B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly discloses a rice field-based crayfish breeding system, a crayfish fry breeding method and application, wherein the rice field-based crayfish breeding system comprises a plurality of heat preservation pieces arranged on the water surface of a rice field, the heat preservation pieces are used for floating and flatly laying on the water surface so as to preserve heat of a water body, a material conveying assembly is arranged between every two adjacent heat preservation pieces and used for conveying bait and oxygen into the rice field, and a case is arranged outside the rice field and used for providing power for conveying the bait and the oxygen; according to the embodiment of the invention, after the crayfish fries are raised in the rice field, bait feeding and oxygen increasing are carried out on the crayfish fries raised in the rice field through the case driving material conveying assembly, the crayfish raising system based on the rice field is dismantled after the crayfish fries are raised, rice can be planted in the rice field, the problem that pond resources are wasted due to the fact that most existing crayfish raising methods rely on pond raising fries is solved, and the market prospect is wide.

Description

Paddy field-based crayfish breeding system, crayfish fry breeding method and application

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a rice field-based crayfish breeding system, a crayfish fry breeding method and application.

Background

The crayfish belongs to the freshwater economic crayfish class, and is widely popular with consumers due to delicious meat taste. At present, crayfish generally comes into the market in 5 months, and fry stocking is generally in 2 months and 3 months. Generally, one method for stocking offspring seeds is from the purchase of manufacturers, which generally has higher cost; in addition, another method is that in winter of the previous year, parent shrimps are raised in the pond, the parent shrimps are punched to mate and lay eggs in the holes, and in spring of the next year, along with the rise of temperature, female shrimps with fertilized eggs attached to the abdominal limbs are taken out of the holes, and the fertilized eggs gradually develop into shrimp seedlings. After the shrimp larvae are caught, the shrimp larvae can be sold and large-scale shrimp species can be continuously cultivated.

At present, under the condition of artificial breeding, the mating and breeding of crayfish need to be carried out in a pond, the stocking density of parent crayfish is determined according to the size and the condition of the pond, and the breeding still needs to be carried out in the pond after the crayfish fries are hatched out through mating and oviposition. Because shrimp fry cultivation needs a special cultivation pond, a better cultivation pond generally comprises pond transformation, ecological condition matching, greenhouse framework and the like, and the construction cost is high, many fry manufacturers do not want to specially cultivate the pond to cultivate the fry, but make the fry cultivation pond and the parent shrimp spawning pond combined into one to save a large amount of pond area and cost, the defect of the fry production mode is obvious, the phenomena that the yield of the fry is low, the survival rate is low, the feed is easily wasted due to uneven feed feeding, the cultivation specification is uneven and the like are shown, and the production of the fry is very unfavorable; in addition, a large amount of feed needs to be fed during the crayfish fry breeding period, eutrophication of a breeding water body, sludge deposition at the bottom of a pool and the like are easily caused, and difficulty is brought to later-stage cleaning and breeding.

Therefore, the above technical solution also has the following disadvantages in practical use: generally, the crayfish cultivation method depends on pond cultivation seedlings, precious pond resources are occupied, water plants generally need to be planted, and the defect of eutrophication pollution is caused in the cultivation process, so that most of the existing crayfish cultivation methods depend on pond cultivation seedlings, and the problem of pond resource waste is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a rice field-based crayfish breeding system to solve the problem that pond resources are wasted as most of existing crayfish breeding methods in the background art depend on pond breeding seedlings.

The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the rice field-based crayfish breeding system comprises a rice field and a water surface positioned in the rice field, and the rice field-based crayfish breeding system further comprises:

the heat preservation pieces are uniformly arranged on the water surface at equal intervals, and are used for floating and flatly paving on the water surface so as to preserve heat of water bodies in the rice field;

the material conveying assembly is arranged in a space zone between every two adjacent heat preservation pieces and used for conveying baits and oxygen into the rice field so as to feed and supply oxygen to the crayfish fries cultured in the rice field; and

and the case is arranged outside the rice field and used for providing power for conveying baits and oxygen for the material conveying assembly.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a crayfish fry breeding method is further provided, wherein the above rice field-based crayfish breeding system is adopted, and the crayfish fry breeding method specifically includes the following steps: the method comprises the steps of harvesting rice in a rice field, adding water, installing the rice field-based crayfish breeding system, breeding planktons, stocking crayfish fries, and feeding the crayfish fries bred in the rice field with bait through a case driving material conveying assembly after the crayfish fries are stocked.

In another embodiment of the invention, the application of the crayfish fry breeding method in large-scale breeding of aquatic products is further provided. The aquatic product may be crayfish, freshwater shrimp, grass shrimp, prawn, and prawn.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the crayfish breeding system based on the rice field comprises a plurality of heat preservation pieces arranged on the water surface of the rice field, wherein the heat preservation pieces are used for floating and being paved on the water surface so as to preserve heat of a water body in the rice field, a material conveying assembly is arranged between every two adjacent heat preservation pieces and used for conveying bait and oxygen into the rice field so as to feed and supply oxygen to crayfish fries bred in the rice field, and a case is arranged outside the rice field and used for supplying power for conveying the bait and the oxygen to the material conveying assembly; the crayfish breeding system based on the rice field provides a crayfish fry breeding method, after crayfish fries are bred in the rice field, feeding bait and oxygen are fed to the crayfish fries bred in the rice field through the case driving material conveying assembly, the crayfish breeding system based on the rice field is dismantled after breeding is completed, rice can be planted in the rice field, the problem that pond resources are wasted due to the fact that most existing crayfish breeding methods rely on pond breeding fries is solved, and the crayfish breeding system based on the rice field has a wide market prospect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rice field-based crawfish breeding system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a connection relationship between the housing and the paddy field in the paddy field-based crayfish breeding system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat insulating member in the paddy field-based crawfish breeding system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the housing of the rice field-based crawfish breeding system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a material conveying assembly in the rice field-based crawfish breeding system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-paddy field; 2-a material conveying assembly; 3-heat preservation; 4-a case; 5-a foaming section; 6-material box; 7-a mixing box; 8-feeding pipe; 9-an output mechanism; 10-a flow control; 11-a discharge pipe; 12-a divergent nozzle; 13-a housing; 14-water surface; 15-a membrane body; 16-conveying pipe.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention. In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, process steps and device structures well known in the art are omitted here.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, a block diagram of a paddy field-based crawfish breeding system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a paddy field 1 and a water surface 14 in the paddy field 1, and further includes:

a plurality of heat preservation members 3 are uniformly arranged on the water surface 14 at equal intervals, and the heat preservation members 3 are used for floating and flatly laying on the water surface 14 so as to preserve heat of the water body in the rice field 1;

the material conveying assembly 2 is arranged in a space zone between two adjacent heat preservation pieces 3 and is used for conveying baits and oxygen into the rice field 1 so as to feed and supply oxygen to the crayfish fries cultured in the rice field 1; and

and the case 4 is arranged outside the rice field 1 and used for providing power for conveying baits and oxygen for the material conveying assembly 2.

In the embodiment of the invention, after crayfish fries are raised in the rice field 1, the material conveying assembly 2 is driven by the case 4 to feed bait to the crayfish fries raised in the rice field 1, the crayfish raising system based on the rice field is dismantled after the crayfish fries are raised, the rice field 1 can be used for planting rice, generally, the rice field 1 is a spring vacant field (referring to a field block in which other economic crops are not planted in 2-6 months after the rice is harvested in the spring of the second year), the defects that the crayfish fries are raised in a pond, precious pond resources are occupied and eutrophication pollution is formed in the raising process in the current crayfish fry raising process are overcome, the crayfish fries can be used for raising large-scale crayfish fries in spring vacant fields, the water surface can be saved, a large amount of eutrophication substances generated by bait feeding are adsorbed and deposited in the rice field 1, can be converted into a good fertilizer for later-stage rice, thereby playing a win-win role.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the total laying area of the heat insulating member 3 is 20-40% of the area of the water surface 14, which can provide a good heat insulating effect to the water environment in the paddy field 1.

In another example of the present invention, the heat insulating member 3 is made of a light-transmitting material, and thus has a light-transmitting effect, and may be a common polyethylene plastic film, and the shape of the heat insulating member 3 is adapted to the shape of the paddy field 1, for example, when the paddy field 1 is rectangular, a plurality of heat insulating members 3 (only two) are correspondingly provided, and each heat insulating member 3 is rectangular. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the specific structural form of the heat insulating member 3 is not limited, and for example, the heat insulating member may also be rectangular, triangular, L-shaped, or the like, and may be adaptively adjusted according to the installation environment.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermal insulating member 3 comprises a film body 15 (in particular, an existing floating film product can be used) which is laid on the water surface 14, and can increase the water temperature of the water in the paddy field 1 during the day and prevent the water temperature from greatly fluctuating during the night.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the paddy field 1 is usually modified before the paddy field-based crawfish breeding system is set up. Specifically, a rice field 1 for only one-season rice is selected, after rice harvesting is completed, pool ridges are heightened, straws are removed, then the rice field is aired, aired and ploughed, then raked to enable soil blocks to be large spherical blocks (facilitating shrimp seedlings to inhabit and hide), and then overwintering is carried out for later use.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat insulating member 3 further includes a plurality of foaming portions 5 integrated in the film body 15, and the foaming portions 5 are used for floating and laying the film body 15 on the water surface 14.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the film bodies 15 are disposed at equal intervals in the paddy field 1, the film bodies 15 are made of a common polyethylene plastic film, are rectangular, and are transparent to light, and foams (i.e., the foam portions 5) are integrated in the middle and the edges of the film bodies 15 in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction at intervals, so that when the film bodies 15 are laid on the water surface 14, the film bodies 15 float and support the film bodies 15 laid on the water surface 14, thereby increasing the water temperature in the daytime, preventing the water temperature from fluctuating greatly at night, and performing a heat preservation function.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, before the cultivation of crayfish seedlings using the rice field-based crayfish cultivation system, it is necessary to add water to the rice field 1 to a depth to submerge the clods, then sprinkle them with quick lime or bleaching powder, sterilize them, add water to a maximum depth, and then install the rice field-based crayfish cultivation system on the rice field 1.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of foaming parts 5 are uniformly arranged on both the edge part of the film body 15 and the midline part of the film body 15, and a plurality of groups of foaming parts 5 are arranged on the film body 15 in a direction perpendicular to the midline of the film body 15.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the heat insulating member 3 is fixed by a fixing member (may be a vertical bar) provided inside the rice field 1 to maintain a stable position.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chassis 4 includes:

a mixing box 7 provided outside the rice field 1 for mixing materials;

the material box 6 is arranged at an opening of the mixing box 7, an output end of the material box 6 is in butt joint with the opening of the mixing box 7, and the material box 6 is used for inputting baits to be conveyed and transmitting the baits to the mixing box 7 for uniform mixing;

a feed pipe 8 arranged on the mixing box 7 for inputting oxygen or oxygen-containing water;

the discharge pipe 11 is arranged at one end, far away from the material box 6, of the mixing box 7 and used for feeding the materials in the mixing box 7 into the material conveying assemblies 2 so as to convey baits and oxygen into the rice field 1, and the output end of the discharge pipe 11 is communicated with the corresponding material conveying assemblies 2; and

and the output mechanism 9 is arranged on the discharge pipe 11 and used for providing power for feeding the materials in the mixing box 7 into the material conveying assembly 2 for the discharge pipe 11.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the portion of the feeding pipe 8 extending into the mixing box 7 is vertically downward, and the end of the feeding pipe 8 is located at the bottom of the mixing box 7, so that the feeding pipe 8 can convey materials to generate water flow for impact mixing and oxygen increasing.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the output mechanism 9 may be an existing output pump, and the specific type is selected according to the requirement, but not limited thereto, and the power for material transportation is provided by the housing 4, the housing 4 is provided with a mixing box 7, a feeding pipe 8, a discharging pipe 11, an output pump and a material box 6, the mixing box 7 is provided with a vertically downward end of the feeding pipe 8, and the generated water flow plays roles of impact mixing and oxygen enrichment. The discharging pipe 11 is opened at the upper part of the mixing box 7 and is connected with an output pump, and the output pump is connected with a plurality of material conveying assemblies 2 to ensure output pressure. A material tank 6 is arranged right above the mixing tank 7, and a valve for adjusting an opening is arranged at the lower end of the material tank 6, so that the flow speed of blanking is controlled.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing 4 further includes a housing 13 for mounting the material tank 6 and the mixing tank 7, and the outside of the housing 13 is mounted outside the rice field 1.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the material tank 6 is further provided with a flow control element 10 for adjusting the flow rate of the bait to be conveyed from the material tank 6 into the mixing tank 7, specifically, the flow control element 10 may be an existing valve, or may be other existing products capable of controlling the flow rate uniformly or individually, such as an electric valve, a hydraulic valve, a pneumatic valve, a turbine valve, an electromagnetic hydraulic valve, an electro-hydraulic valve, a gas-liquid valve, a gear valve, and the like.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material conveying assembly 2 comprises a conveying pipe 16 and a plurality of divergent nozzles 12 vertically arranged at the output end of the conveying pipe 16, the divergent nozzles 12 are of an inverted conical structure and are used for making the output material be divergently ejected, and the input end of the conveying pipe 16 is communicated with the discharge pipe 11.

In one embodiment of the invention, the material conveying component 2 is used for material conveying, which generally relates to plankton cultivation and bait feeding in crayfish fry cultivation, in particular, preparation for cultivating plankton is made before the crayfish fry are stocked, fermented organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, and the fry is stocked when the water color becomes thick and a large number of small plankton appear in the water. The method is characterized in that plankton is taken as the main material when the feed is just put into the field, then the transition is carried out until plankton is taken as the auxiliary material and artificial bait is taken as the main material, and then the transition is gradually carried out until the compound feed is fed. The artificial bait is prepared by crushing aquatic animals, adding a small amount of salt to prepare suspension slurry, and placing the suspension slurry into a material box 6. The water inflow and the water outflow in the rice field 1 are adjusted to be equal in speed, the suspended slurry flows down by opening the valve on the material box 6, is fully mixed in the mixing box 7 and is then conveyed to each material conveying assembly 2 by the output pump to be uniformly sprayed out. When the matched shrimp feed is fed, the amount of the matched shrimp feed to be fed is put into the material box 6, the matched shrimp feed is fully mixed in the mixing box 7, and then the mixed shrimp feed is uniformly sprayed out by the material conveying assemblies 2 which are conveyed to the output pipe by the output pump. The size of the valve of the material tank 6 is determined according to the feeding amount and the feeding time, so that a certain feeding amount is finished within a set time.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a crayfish fry breeding method, which adopts the above rice field-based crayfish breeding system, and specifically includes the following steps: after rice in the rice field 1 is harvested, water is added, the rice field-based crayfish breeding system is installed, plankton is bred, crayfish fries are bred, and after breeding, the material conveying assembly 2 is driven by the case 4 to feed the crayfish fries bred in the rice field 1.

In one embodiment of the invention, the average feeding amount of the bait accounts for 3-7 wt% of the weight of the shrimps, the crayfish breeding system based on the rice field is dismantled after the breeding is finished, and the rice can be planted in the rice field 1.

As a preferred embodiment of the invention, during the cultivation period of the crayfish fries (20-30 days of cultivation can be harvested), the water temperature is kept stable (18-22 ℃) by increasing or decreasing the number of the heat preservation members 3, and oxygen or oxygen-containing water is fed through the feed pipe 8 for oxygenation.

As a preferred embodiment of the invention, feeding management is required during the cultivation of the young crayfish, specifically, the water temperature is low in the early stage of spring idleness, which is not beneficial to the cultivation of plankton, the water temperature is increased by increasing the number of the heat preservation members 3, and is properly reduced when the water temperature is increased in the later stage, so that the proper water temperature is maintained; the pipe network system formed by the material conveying component 2 and the case 4 has the dual functions of bait feeding and oxygen increasing, and when oxygen increasing is needed, the water source of the feeding pipe 8 of the case 4 can be supplemented by external fresh water or pumped into the rice field 1 by a water pump for recycling. The water flow is oxygenated in the mixing box 7 and then is sprayed out through the dispersing nozzles, so that the oxygenation effect is achieved. The crayfish seedling cultivation method provided by the invention adopts the crayfish cultivation system based on the rice field, can fully utilize the spring vacant field, saves the water surface of the pond, does not need to plant water plants, can adjust the water temperature of the rice field, is convenient for feeding, has uniform feed distribution and good oxygenation effect, effectively solves the problem of difficult crayfish seedling cultivation, and can also increase the fertility of the rice field and improve the water yield of rice.

The following are several embodiments of the specific configuration of the rice field-based crawfish breeding system of the present invention:

in one embodiment of the invention, in order to expand the crayfish culture scale and newly increase the pond culture area by 100 mu, large-size shrimp seeds are required to be stocked at the beginning of 3 months in the next year, about 6000 large-size shrimp seeds of about 5 g are stocked per mu, and about 30 g adult shrimps per 5 months are grown to be on the market. No special fry cultivating pond is available, and large-size crayfish fries are cultivated in spring spare rice fields. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

firstly, selecting the land: the rice field 1 with flat terrain, close to water source and convenient traffic is selected, rice in 1 season of one year is planted, and large-size crayfish seedlings are cultivated in the spring idle period by 20 mu of the rice field 1 with four connected ports.

Secondly, rice field transformation: after rice is harvested in autumn, the pond ridge is heightened to enable the maximum water level to be 50 cm, straws are removed, the rice is aired, aired and ploughed, then the rice is raked to enable the diameter of soil blocks to be about 10 cm, shrimp seedlings can conveniently inhabit and hide, the function of water plants is achieved, and the rice is reserved after overwintering.

Thirdly, preparation before cultivation: adding water in the paddy field 1 to a depth just enough to submerge soil blocks, then sprinkling quicklime by 70 kg/mu, adding water to a depth of 50 cm to the maximum depth after disinfection, and then installing the crayfish breeding system based on the paddy field comprises: material conveying component 2, heat preservation piece 3, machine case 4 etc.. The area of laying of heat preservation piece 3 accounts for 25% of 14 areas on the surface of water, and about 3 lower temperature 20 ℃ of heat preservation piece (undulant positive and negative 2 ℃), equidistant heat preservation piece 3 that sets up in paddy field 1, heat preservation piece 3 is ordinary polyethylene plastic film, rectangle, printing opacity, heat preservation piece 3 includes the membrane body 15, has foaming portion 5 at membrane body 15 length direction middle part, edge and the horizontal integration of every certain distance to when the membrane body 15 is tiled on the surface of water 14, play and float and support the effect of membrane body 15 tiling on the surface of water 14, thereby increase the temperature on daytime, prevent that the temperature is undulant great night, play the heat preservation effect. The membrane body 15 is fixed by a vertical rod to keep the position stable. The middle of the space zone between every two heat preservation parts 3 is provided with a material conveying component 2, the material conveying component 2 comprises a conveying pipe 16, a divergent nozzle 12 is arranged on the conveying pipe 16 at a certain distance, the upward short pipe is vertical to the conveying pipe 16, and an inverted cone is arranged above the short pipe, so that the water column is sprayed out to be divergent. The duct 16 is powered by the chassis 4. A mixing box 7, a feeding pipe 8, a discharging pipe 11, an output mechanism 9 (an output pump) and a material box 6 are arranged in the case 4, the tail end of the feeding pipe 8 which vertically faces downwards is arranged in the mixing box 7, and generated water flow plays roles of impact mixing and oxygenation. The discharge pipe 11 is opened at the upper part of the mixing box 7 and is connected with an output mechanism 9, and the output mechanism 9 is connected with a plurality of delivery pipes 16 to ensure output pressure. A material tank 6 is arranged right above the mixing tank 7, and a valve for adjusting an opening is arranged at the lower end of the material tank 6, so that the flow speed of blanking is controlled. Every 5 mu of rice field 1 is equipped with a set of machine box 4 and its pipe network system. The shrimp feed is directly put into the material box 6.

Fourthly, plankton cultivation and bait feeding method: before breeding the young crayfish, preparing for breeding plankton (such as mollusks, crustaceans, tunicate larvae, diatoms, coelenterates, rotifers, gastropods and the like, specifically selecting according to requirements, but not limiting), applying fermented chicken manure (applied according to 100 kilograms per mu) as a base fertilizer, thickening the water color after one week, breeding the young crayfish when a large number of small-sized plankton appear in water after 10 days, breeding 35000 tails of the young crayfish per mu, and breeding the young crayfish in the whole field along a conveying pipe 16. The method is characterized in that feeding is not needed two days before the time of putting the fish in the field, mainly zooplankton, and the crushed wild trash fish (namely, wild fish which are small in size, slow in growth, low in economic value and harmful to cultured fish) and the compound shrimp feed (for shrimp) are fed after 2 days, and the feeding is carried out according to the following table 1. The average feeding amount accounts for about 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps, and can be increased or decreased according to the weather change on the basis of the conventional method.

TABLE 1 feed type and feeding amount change table for shrimp fry rearing (18-22 deg.C)

As can be seen from Table 1, the wild trash fish is fed in a manner that the wild trash fish is weighed and crushed, a small amount (3 wt%) of salt is added to prepare suspension slurry, and the suspension slurry is placed into a material box 6 and diluted into one box. The daily food and grain are divided into 4 equal parts, and the feeding is carried out for 4 times at 7 am, 10 am, 13 pm and 16 pm, and each feeding is carried out for 30 minutes. Specifically, an output pump is started, and the inflow water flow is adjusted to enable the inflow water flow to be equal to the outflow water flow; the flow control 10 (valve) of the opening of the material tank 6 was adjusted so as to control the flow rate of the feed material at 30 minutes per tank. The artificial feed is pressurized and sent out by an output pump after being uniformly mixed in the mixing box 7 and is uniformly dispersed and sprayed out at each dispersing nozzle 12. Feeding is completed after 30 minutes, and then water is sprayed for 5 minutes to play a role in increasing oxygen, stimulating shrimp larvae to ingest and flushing residual baits in the pipeline.

Fifthly, feeding management: the water temperature is lower in the early stage of spring idleness, which is not beneficial to the cultivation of plankton, the number of the heat preservation pieces 3 is increased to improve the water temperature, and the water temperature is properly reduced when rising in the later stage, so that the proper water temperature is kept; the pipe network system that material conveying component 2 and quick-witted case 4 constitute has the dual function of bait and oxygenation of throwing something and feeding, and when needs oxygenation, 8 water sources of quick-witted case 4 inlet pipe can be complemented by external source fresh water, or uses water pump to go into circulation in paddy field 1 and use, and rivers oxygenation in mixing box 7 disperses spout 12 blowout oxygenation, plays the effect of oxygenation. The water temperature is generally controlled to be 18-22 ℃, after about 25 days of cultivation, shrimp seeds grow to 5-6 g/tail from 0.02 g/tail, the catching rate reaches 85.6%, 3 ten thousand of shrimp seeds are harvested per mu, 60 ten thousand of shrimp seeds are obtained in total, and the cultivation requirement of 6000 shrimp seeds per mu of pond area of 100 mu can be met.

Sixthly, returning to the field: after the shrimp larvae were caught, the rice field-based crayfish breeding system was withdrawn, at which time approximately 1 month was left from the rice planting. As the rice field 1 is cultivated and disinfected, the diseases and the insect pests of the rice at the later stage are less, the average yield per mu of the rice is more than 600 kilograms, the use of pesticides is reduced by 50 percent, no fertilizer is additionally used, and the benefit is obvious.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the crayfish is sold in short supply and high in price in early spring and is ready to be cultivated from the young crayfish to the large-sized crayfish. Preparing to cultivate the crayfish seeds of large specification by utilizing the spring idle stage. And (4) preparing to breed shrimp seedlings in the middle of February, wherein the breeding and breeding are carried out for more than 20 days in the first middle of March, the shrimp seedlings are caught and sold, and then rice is planted at the bottom of 4 months. The scheme specifically comprises the following steps:

firstly, selecting the land: at present, the large-size crayfish seeds are cultivated in the spring idle period by selecting the continuous 50-mu rice field 1 which is flat in terrain, close to a water source and convenient to transport and is used for planting 1-season rice in one year.

Secondly, rice field transformation: after finishing harvesting rice in autumn, heightening the pool ridge to 50 cm of maximum water level, removing straws, airing, ploughing, and raking to make the soil block about 10 cm in diameter, so that shrimp seedlings can inhabit and hide conveniently, and the rice has the function of water plants. Then overwintering for standby.

Thirdly, preparation before cultivation: adding water to a depth just enough to submerge the soil blocks in the paddy field 1, then spraying 10 kg/mu of bleaching powder, adding water to a maximum depth of 50 cm after disinfection, and then installing the paddy field-based crawfish breeding system, comprising: material conveying component 2, heat preservation piece 3, machine case 4 etc.. The area of laying of heat preservation piece 3 accounts for 30% of 14 areas on the surface of water, and about 3 lower temperature 20 ℃ of heat preservation piece (undulant positive and negative 2 ℃), equidistant heat preservation piece 3 that sets up in paddy field 1, heat preservation piece 3 is ordinary polyethylene plastic film, rectangle, printing opacity, heat preservation piece 3 includes the membrane body 15, has foaming portion 5 at membrane body 15 length direction middle part, edge and the horizontal integration of every certain distance to when the membrane body 15 is tiled on the surface of water 14, play and float and support the effect of membrane body 15 tiling on the surface of water 14, thereby increase the temperature on daytime, prevent that the temperature is undulant great night, play the heat preservation effect. The membrane body 15 is fixed by a vertical rod to keep the position stable. The middle of the space zone between every two heat preservation parts 3 is provided with a material conveying component 2, the material conveying component 2 comprises a conveying pipe 16, a divergent nozzle 12 is arranged on the conveying pipe 16 at a certain distance, the upward short pipe is vertical to the conveying pipe 16, and an inverted cone is arranged above the short pipe, so that the water column is sprayed out to be divergent. The duct 16 is powered by the chassis 4. A mixing box 7, a feeding pipe 8, a discharging pipe 11, an output mechanism 9 (an output pump) and a material box 6 are arranged in the case 4, the tail end of the feeding pipe 8 which vertically faces downwards is arranged in the mixing box 7, and generated water flow plays roles of impact mixing and oxygenation. The discharge pipe 11 is opened at the upper part of the mixing box 7 and is connected with an output mechanism 9, and the output mechanism 9 is connected with a plurality of delivery pipes 16 to ensure output pressure. A material tank 6 is arranged right above the mixing tank 7, and a valve for adjusting an opening is arranged at the lower end of the material tank 6, so that the flow speed of blanking is controlled. Every 5 mu of rice field 1 is equipped with a set of machine box 4 and its pipe network system. The shrimp feed is directly put into the material box 6.

Fourthly, plankton cultivation and bait feeding method: before breeding the crayfish fries, preparing for culturing plankton, applying fermented chicken manure (applied according to 100 kilograms per mu) as a base fertilizer, thickening the water color after one week, breeding the crayfish fries when the water color thickens and a large number of small zooplankton appear in the water after 10 days, breeding 40000 fries of the crayfish fries per mu, and breeding the crayfish fries in the whole field along a conveying pipe 16. The method is characterized in that feeding is not needed two days before the time of putting the fish in the field, mainly zooplankton, and the crushed wild trash fish (namely, wild fish which are small in size, slow in growth, low in economic value and harmful to cultured fish) and the compound shrimp feed (for shrimp) are fed after 2 days, and the feeding is specifically carried out according to the following table 2. The average feeding amount accounts for about 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps, and can be increased or decreased according to the weather change on the basis of the conventional method.

TABLE 2 feed type and feeding amount variation table for shrimp fry rearing (18-22 deg.C)

As can be seen from Table 2, the wild trash fish is fed in a manner that the wild trash fish is weighed and crushed, a small amount (3 wt%) of salt is added to prepare suspension slurry, and the suspension slurry is placed into a material box 6 and diluted into one box. The daily food and grain are divided into 4 equal parts, and the feeding is carried out for 4 times at 7 am, 10 am, 13 pm and 16 pm, and each feeding is carried out for 30 minutes. Specifically, an output pump is started, and the inflow water flow is adjusted to enable the inflow water flow to be equal to the outflow water flow; the flow control 10 (valve) of the opening of the material tank 6 was adjusted so as to control the flow rate of the feed material at 30 minutes per tank. The artificial feed is pressurized and sent out by an output pump after being uniformly mixed in the mixing box 7 and is uniformly dispersed and sprayed out at each dispersing nozzle 12. Feeding is completed after 30 minutes, and then water is sprayed for 5 minutes to play a role in increasing oxygen, stimulating shrimp larvae to ingest and flushing residual baits in the pipeline. The shrimp feed is directly put into the material box 6 to realize feeding.

Fifthly, feeding management: the water temperature is lower in the early stage of spring idleness, which is not beneficial to the cultivation of plankton, the number of the heat preservation pieces 3 is increased to improve the water temperature, and the water temperature is properly reduced when rising in the later stage, so that the proper water temperature is kept; the pipe network system that material conveying component 2 and quick-witted case 4 constitute has the dual function of bait and oxygenation of throwing something and feeding, and when needs oxygenation, 8 water sources of quick-witted case 4 inlet pipe can be complemented by external source fresh water, or uses water pump to go into circulation in paddy field 1 and use, and rivers oxygenation in mixing box 7 disperses spout 12 blowout oxygenation, plays the effect of oxygenation. Generally controlling the water temperature to be 18-23 ℃, and after about 25 days of cultivation, the shrimp seeds grow to 5-6 g/tail from 0.02 g/tail in the first ten days of 3 months, the catching rate reaches 80.6%, 3.2 ten thousand of shrimp seeds are harvested per mu, the total amount is 170 kg, the yield per mu is 6800, and the profit per mu is 4500 yuan calculated by 40 yuan per kg.

The embodiment of the invention provides a paddy field-based crayfish breeding system, which comprises a plurality of heat preservation pieces 3 arranged on the water surface 14 of a paddy field 1, wherein the heat preservation pieces 3 are used for floating and spreading on the water surface 14 to preserve heat of water in the paddy field 1, a material conveying assembly 2 is arranged between every two adjacent heat preservation pieces 3 and is used for conveying baits and oxygen into the paddy field 1 so as to feed and supply oxygen to crayfish fries bred in the paddy field 1, and a case 4 is arranged outside the paddy field 1 and is used for supplying power for conveying the baits and the oxygen to the material conveying assembly 2; and provides a crayfish fry breeding method based on the crayfish breeding system based on the rice field, after breeding crayfish fries into the rice field 1, the case 4 drives the material conveying assembly 2 to feed baits and oxygenate crayfish seedlings cultured in the rice field 1, the crayfish culture system based on the rice field is dismantled after the culture is finished, rice can be planted in the rice field 1, the problem that pond resources are wasted due to the fact that most existing crayfish culture methods rely on pond culture seedlings is solved, in addition, the defect of eutrophication pollution in the cultivation process is overcome, the method can be used for cultivating large-scale crayfish fries in spring vacant fields, the pond resources are saved, during the cultivation process, a large amount of eutrophic substances generated by feeding are adsorbed and deposited in the rice field 1 and can be converted into good fertilizers during the later period of rice planting, thereby playing a win-win role.

The electric appliances presented in the article can be connected with an external main controller and 220V mains supply, and the main controller can be a conventional known device controlled by a computer and the like.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a crayfish cultivation system based on paddy field, includes the paddy field and is located the surface of water in the paddy field, its characterized in that, crayfish cultivation system based on paddy field still includes:

the material conveying assembly is arranged between every two adjacent heat preservation pieces and used for conveying baits and oxygen into the rice field so as to feed and supply oxygen to the crayfish seedlings cultured in the rice field; and

2. The paddy-based crayfish breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat insulating member includes a film body laid flat on the water surface, and increases the water temperature of the water in the paddy field during the day and prevents the water temperature from fluctuating during the night.

3. The rice field-based crawfish growing system of claim 2, wherein the heat retainer further comprises a plurality of foaming parts integrated in the membrane body, the foaming parts being used to float and lay the membrane body on the water surface.

4. The rice field-based crawfish breeding system as claimed in claim 3, wherein a plurality of foaming parts are uniformly arranged on both the edge part and the midline part of the membrane body, and a plurality of groups of foaming parts are further arranged on the membrane body in a direction perpendicular to the midline of the membrane body.

5. The rice field-based crawfish breeding system of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises:

the mixing box is arranged outside the rice field and used for mixing materials;

the material box is arranged at the opening of the mixing box, the output end of the material box is in butt joint with the opening of the mixing box, and the material box is used for inputting baits to be conveyed and transmitting the baits to the mixing box for uniform mixing;

the feeding pipe is arranged on the mixing box and is used for inputting oxygen or oxygen-containing water;

the discharge pipe is arranged at one end, far away from the material box, of the mixing box and used for feeding the materials in the mixing box into the material conveying assemblies so as to convey baits and oxygen into the rice field, and the output end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the corresponding material conveying assemblies; and

and the output mechanism is arranged on the discharge pipe and used for providing power for feeding the materials in the mixing box into the material conveying assembly for the discharge pipe.

6. The rice field-based crawfish breeding system of claim 5, wherein the housing further comprises a housing for mounting the material tank and the mixing tank, the housing being mounted outside the rice field.

7. The rice field-based crawfish growing system of claim 1, wherein said material feeding assembly comprises a feeding pipe and a plurality of diverging nozzles vertically disposed at the output end of said feeding pipe, said diverging nozzles having an inverted conical shape for emitting the outputted material in a diverging shape.

8. A crayfish fry rearing method characterized by using the rice field-based crayfish rearing system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the crayfish fry rearing method specifically comprising the steps of: the method comprises the steps of harvesting rice in a rice field, adding water, installing the rice field-based crayfish breeding system, breeding plankton, breeding crayfish seedlings, and feeding the crayfish seedlings bred in the rice field through a chassis driving material conveying assembly after breeding, wherein the average feeding amount of bait accounts for 3-7 wt% of the weight of crayfish.

9. The crayfish fry rearing method according to claim 8, further comprising, during the rearing of the crayfish fry, the steps of: the water temperature is kept stable by increasing or decreasing the number of the heat preservation pieces, and meanwhile, oxygen or oxygen-containing water is conveyed through the feeding pipe for oxygenation.

10. Use of a method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 9 for the large scale breeding of aquatic products.