CN111818949A - 静电纺丝心血管植入物 - Google Patents

静电纺丝心血管植入物 Download PDF

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CN111818949A
CN111818949A CN201880084445.9A CN201880084445A CN111818949A CN 111818949 A CN111818949 A CN 111818949A CN 201880084445 A CN201880084445 A CN 201880084445A CN 111818949 A CN111818949 A CN 111818949A
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electrospun
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A·塞利欧
M·A·J·考克斯
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Abstract

提供了一种可生物降解的心血管植入物,用于在患者体内生长心血管组织。植入物与具有与软段共价键合的硬段的超分子化合物的静电纺丝网区分开,从而大大提高耐用性和抗疲劳性,同时保持心血管植入物的有效性。

Description

静电纺丝心血管植入物
发明领域
本发明涉及静电纺丝心血管植入物。
背景技术
当前的心血管替代品和植入物由于凝血,感染,变性和无生长可能性而面临风险。组织工程学是一种相当新的方法,它使用患者自身的细胞和可生物降解的聚合物支架制成能够生长,适应和修复的自体组织。聚合物支架可以由生物相容的无毒聚合物制成。聚合物的选择和用于制造支架的技术影响支架表现出的机械性能。
对于心脏组织工程,最常用的可生物降解的合成支架材料是聚乙醇酸(PGA),聚乳酸(PLA),聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB),ε-聚己内酯(PCL)或它们的共聚物。US20150173921教导了超分子化合物作为心血管植入物的可生物降解合成支架的基础的用途。
尽管最近有进展,但是仍然存在医疗需求未得到满足,特别是因为心血管替代物和植入物(例如心脏瓣膜,尤其是主动脉或肺动脉瓣膜)必须通过FDA和相关规定例如ISO5840-1:2015,ISO 5840-2:2015和ISO 5840-3:2015提供的高标准。因此,对上述高标准的重点是流体动力学,耐用性,尤其是疲劳测试,以确保FDA批准,有效性和安全性的合理保证。
本发明通过为组织工程化的心血管植入物提供增强的耐久性和抗疲劳性,同时保持作为心血管植入物的有效性来满足这种未满足的需求。
发明内容
提供了一种用于在患者体内生长心血管组织的可生物降解的心血管植入物,其包括静电纺丝网,该静电纺丝网具有{在替代实施方式中描述为“基本上由……组成”或“由……组成”}超分子化合物,所述超分子化合物具有与软段共价键合的硬段,其中所述软段是分子量范围为500-2000的聚碳酸酯软段,并且其中所述硬段包括2-脲基-4[1H]-嘧啶酮(UPy)化合物和增链剂,增链剂对UPy化合物范围为1.5至3。
本发明的实施方式显示出大大增强的耐久性和抗疲劳性,同时保持了作为心血管植入物的有效性。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的实施方式的多个加速磨损循环(根据ISO 5840,主动脉状况)相对R比率。显然,具有1000g/mol的聚碳酸酯和R比率为1.5或更高的聚合物表现出增强的耐久性。此外,在其他瓣膜设计中使用的比率为1.5、1.9和2的相同聚合物的AWT计数分别高达6500万、1.23亿和7800万个循环。
图2示出了根据本发明的实施方式的多个加速磨损循环(根据ISO 5840,主动脉状况)相对纤维取向。观察到,与无规纤维相比,排列的纤维可获得更高的循环计数。
图3A-C示出了根据本发明的实施方式并且相对于表2,在90/35mmHg下20小时后的瓣膜测试结果的图像。很明显,XP3保持完好无损,而XP1和XP2显示撕裂。
具体实施方式
本发明为组织工程化的心血管植入物提供增强的耐久性和抗疲劳性,同时保持作为心血管植入物的有效性。
超分子化合物定义为与软段(soft-block)共价键合的硬段(hard-block)。硬段基于UPy部分。软段是超分子化合物的骨架。使用聚碳酸酯(PC)是因为它对于本发明的目的和目标显示出令人惊讶的益处,特别是与聚己内酯相比。
软段和硬段之间的比率对材料性能有影响。在此,我们描述了硬段部分内的组分比率对诸如耐久性的性质具有极大的影响。我们在此公开了硬段内的比率和用于形成软段的聚合物的长度的特定组合,其导致增强的机械性能(耐久性)。具体地说,与例如聚己内酯相比,500-2000的分子量范围的聚碳酸酯提供了增强的耐久性和减少的疲劳。硬段包含Upy组分,二异氰酸酯和增链剂。对于2-脲基-4[1H]-嘧啶酮(UPy)化合物和增链剂在硬段中的比率(R),增链剂对UPy化合物的范围为1.5至3。
实施例1:超分子聚合物的合成
PCL聚合物-XP1,XP2
为了合成XP1,分子量为800g/mol的遥爪羟基封端的聚己内酯(30.0g,37.5mmol,真空干燥),1,6-己二醇(4.4g,37mmol)和UPy-单体(6.3g,37mmol)在80℃下溶于无水DMSO(105mL)。在搅拌下,向该反应混合物中加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(18.8g,111.5mmol),然后加入一滴二辛酸锡。该反应混合物在80℃下搅拌过夜。第二天,将反应混合物冷却至25℃,并通过另添加DMSO以使混合物在水中沉淀来降低其粘度。使收集为白色弹性固体的聚合物,再溶于氯仿/甲醇(7/3v/v)中,并在过量甲醇中再沉淀。在50℃下真空干燥后,得到透明的弹性固体。SEC(THF,PS-标准):Mn=13kg/mol,D=1.6。另请参见WO2014185779A1。XP2以类似的方式合成,除了1,6-己二醇的量增加到74mmol。表1总结了XP1和XP2聚合物的组成。
PC聚合物-XP3
以与XP1相似的方式合成由分子量为500至3000g/mol的聚碳酸酯制成的聚合物。根据聚碳酸酯的长度和组分之间的期望比率进行改变。摩尔比可以表示如下。A(聚碳酸酯)固定为1。B(增链剂)在0到3之间变化,D(Upy)在0.3到2之间变化,并且C始终等于A加B加D的总摩尔量的0.8到1.2倍。摩尔比B/D被标记为R。出于本发明的目的,通过使用2000g/mol的聚碳酸酯分子量并且选择摩尔比R为2来合成XP3。XP3的组成总结在表1中。
如果没有另外说明,则对于所有聚合物,实施例中的厚度为500μm。
实施例2:疲劳测试-基于PC和PCL的心脏瓣膜的比较
测试说明
加速磨损测试是旨在评估器件耐用性的测试。该器件要经受模拟体内条件的压力条件,并记录失效之前的循环次数。有关耐久性评估的详细信息在ISO 5840-3:2013中描述。
首先,在30/10mmHg(20mmHg)下测试PV 20分钟,以检查小叶的张开:最大/平均收缩压梯度,有效孔口面积和反流。该压力状况被归类为血压正常的肺状况(ISO 5840-3:2013)。获取开始时以及20分钟后的数据和高速影像。最大收缩压梯度应低于25mmHg(Drossner等,Pediatr Cardiol.2008年5月;29(3):649-52doi:10.1007/s00246-007-9191-y.),有效孔口面积应大于几何孔口面积的30%。
随后,将瓣膜在90/35mmHg下测试20小时,这被分类为非常严重的高血压肺状况(ISO 5840-3:2013)。获取开始时,20分钟后和20小时后(或发生失效后)的数据和高速影像。
表1中总结了测试的材料,表2中显示了结果。我们观察到,与基于PCL的聚合物相比,基于PC的聚合物在20小时后提供了更好的结果。XP3在测试的系列中显示出最佳的抗疲劳性,没有观察到撕裂。
表1:材料列表
材料 软段 比率R
XP1 PCL 800 1
XP2 PCL 800 2
XP3 PC 2000 2
表2:在90/35mmHg下20小时后的瓣膜测试结果
Figure BDA0002558546350000041
在瓣膜测试仪中测试了用PCL多元醇(在PCL/合成中描述)进行静电纺丝作为小叶材料的肺动脉瓣。20小时后以90/35mmHg评估肺动脉瓣导管(根据ISO 5840-3:2013非常严重的高血压肺状况)。用PCL多元醇制成的小叶显示出撕裂和失效。相反,用PC多元醇制成的小叶显示出良好的结果(表2)。
在主动脉状况下(120/80mmHg)进一步测试了基于PC的聚合物的增强的抗疲劳性。溶解聚合物并进一步静电纺丝并组装到支架上以形成主动脉瓣。在主动脉状况下以10Hz进一步测试瓣膜。这样就可以区分出在基于PC的聚合物家族中,哪种聚合物可提供最佳结果。图1示出了比率R对抗疲劳性的影响。比率在0至3之间变化。软段的长度在500至3000g/mol之间变化。观察到,R值为1.5或更高的聚合物提供了最佳的疲劳性能。另外,当软段长度为1000g/mol时,在抗疲劳性方面存在出乎意料的最佳结果。
也可以影响耐用性的另一个特征是支架内纤维的排列。优选的纤维排列是周向围绕植入物的假想轴线,其中在管状植入物的情况下,该轴线指向血流方向。从图2中我们可以清楚地看到排列可以增加抗疲劳性。排列,限定为优选纤维方向和垂直于优选纤维方向之间的线性弹性刚度比变化至多为8∶1。
补充信息
1.范围(耐久性焦点)
·比率R在0至3之间变化。比率为1.5及以上时,获得了增强/最佳的抗疲劳性能。
·PC长度在500至3000g/mol之间变化。PC长度为1000时,获得了增强/最佳的抗疲劳性能。
·增链剂的质量比在0到15之间变化。较高的HD比(9w%和更高)获得了增强/最佳的抗疲劳性能。
2.支架结构
·厚度可以在几微米到几毫米之间变化,但是优选的厚度在200到800微米之间,甚至优选在250到550之间(平均300和500可以提供良好的结果)。
·纤维直径可以在1μm至20μm的较大范围内获得。优选地,我们在3-15μm的范围内工作,甚至更优选地在4-10μm的范围内工作。
·纤维的排列是提高耐久性的另一个参数,特别是在静电纺丝不经引导而导致以1∶2(周向∶轴向)组织随机分布的情况下(意味着轴向刚度是周向刚度的两倍)。纤维可以从无穷大∶1到1∶2的比率排列。优选以2∶1至8∶1的比例工作,因为它们能提供耐久性的良好改善。
·孔径:基质材料包含直径为1-300微米,优选5-100微米的孔。
·孔隙率:基质材料包含纤维网,孔隙率为至少60%,优选70%到85%之间。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于在患者体内生长心血管组织的可生物降解的心血管植入物,其包括静电纺丝网,该静电纺丝网具有超分子化合物,所述超分子化合物具有与软段共价键合的硬段,其中所述软段是分子量范围为500-2000的聚碳酸酯软段,并且其中所述硬段包括2-脲基-4[1H]-嘧啶酮(UPy)化合物和增链剂,增链剂对UPy化合物范围为1.5至3。
CN201880084445.9A 2017-12-28 2018-12-20 静电纺丝心血管植入物 Pending CN111818949A (zh)

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