CN111809417B - 一种纳米促染助剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种纳米促染助剂,由以下方法制备:二氧化硅纳米球原粉脱除模板剂得到介孔二氧化硅纳米球;与壳聚糖反应得到复合材料;后者再与季铵化得到产物。该助剂不仅使得高温活性染料的上染率较高,而且使得染色亚麻织物耐干湿摩擦色牢度更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种纳米促染助剂。
背景技术
亚麻是人类最早提取并织造成纺织品的纤维之一。亚麻织物具有吸湿透气性好、强度高、耐磨、抗菌防臭、抗静电、抗紫外、手感自然粗犷、风格坚韧挺括、经济实惠等优点,被尊为纤维中的“皇后”。
亚麻织物用途广泛,可用做服装面料、装饰织物、家用纺织品和产业用产品等。世界上亚麻纺织生产技术起源、发展并成熟于欧州国家,我国的亚麻种植面积虽广,纺织产业规模仅次于俄罗斯,居全球第二位,但技术工艺和生产设备较为落后,提高亚麻产品附加值和经济效益已成为我国发展生态染整的一个重要议题。
亚麻纤维分子内含有大量羟基,因此可以和大多数有机物发生接枝、交联而使纤维改性。但由于微观结构和化学组成的特点,亚麻纤维通常使用活性染料进行染色。在染色过程中,活性染料尤其是高温活性染料存在上染率低和色牢度差等问题。这些问题严重制约高端亚麻服饰的开发,已成为困扰亚麻纺织业的技术难题多年。
陈朝晖等人(《化学工程师》,2017,12,P22-25)采用降解壳聚糖为原料,三聚磷酸钠(TPP)为交联剂,司班80为分散剂制备了纳米降解壳聚糖,经扫描电镜表征其粒径在100~800nm之间。将其用于亚麻织物预处理,用活性艳蓝K-2RL染料对亚麻织物进行染色,得到最佳工艺下的织物上染率为43.3%。从结果来看,该染料的上染率不高。同时研究表明染色亚麻织物的耐干湿摩擦色牢度不佳。
因而,针对高温活性染料尤其是活性艳蓝K-2RL的亚麻织物染色,需要寻找一种上染率较高且耐干湿摩擦色牢度更高的纳米促染助剂。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明目的在于提供一种纳米促染助剂。所述助剂在对亚麻织物处理之后,不仅使得高温活性染料的上染率较高,而且使得染色亚麻织物耐干湿摩擦色牢度更高。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:一种纳米促染助剂,由以下方法制备:
步骤1:正硅酸乙酯和模板剂在氨水存在下混合获得二氧化硅纳米球原粉,然后脱除模板剂得到介孔二氧化硅纳米球;
步骤2:介孔二氧化硅纳米球与壳聚糖在酸性溶剂存在下反应得到介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料;
步骤3:介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料与季铵化剂反应得到纳米促染助剂。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的模板剂选自十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的模板剂与正硅酸乙酯、氨水的比例为1g:(2-4)mL:(1-2)mL。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的脱除条件为500-600℃焙烧2-10h。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的介孔二氧化硅纳米球平均粒径为50-150nm;和/或,介孔二氧化硅纳米球具有双孔结构。
有利地,所述双孔结构包括1-5nm的一级孔最可几孔径和20-30nm的颗粒最可几孔径。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的介孔二氧化硅纳米球预先进行真空活化。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的壳聚糖粘均分子量为1000-6000;脱乙酰度≥85%。
优选地,壳聚糖粘均分子量为2000-5000;脱乙酰度≥90%。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的介孔二氧化硅纳米球与壳聚糖的质量比为1:(0.4-0.8)。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的酸性溶剂选自酸化乙醇溶液。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的反应温度为50-90℃;反应时间为12-48h。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤3的季铵化剂选自缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤3的介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料与季铵化剂的质量比为1:(0.1-0.4)。
根据本发明所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤3的反应温度为70-95℃;反应时间为8-36h。
本发明的有益效果是:与现有技术相比,本发明的纳米促染助剂促染效果更好,不仅使得高温活性染料尤其是活性艳蓝K-2RL的上染率较高,而且使得染色亚麻织物耐干湿摩擦色牢度更高。
不希望局限于任何理论,本发明纳米促染助剂的特定介孔结构和特定壳聚糖-季铵化剂带来了上述有益效果。
具体实施方式
下列实施例仅仅是为了向本领域的普通技术人员提供如何制得和评价本发明所述并受权利要求书保护的化合物、组合物、制品、装置和/或方法的完整公开内容和描述,并且旨在仅仅为示例性的,而非旨在限制发明人视为其发明的范围。已做出了努力以确保关于数字(例如数量、温度等)的准确性,但是应当考虑到一些误差和偏差。
除非另外指明,否则份数均为重量份,温度均以℃表示或处于环境温度下,并且压力为大气压或接近大气压。存在反应条件(例如组分浓度、所需的溶剂、溶剂混合物、温度、压力和其它反应范围)以及可用于优化通过所述方法得到的产物纯度和收率的条件的多种变型形式和组合。将只需要合理的常规实验来优化此类方法条件。
实施例1
步骤1:将5g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和15mL正硅酸乙酯加入蒸馏水中,搅拌使其充分混合均匀,然后快速加入7.5mL氨水,继续搅拌至溶液变为白色凝胶。将白色凝胶抽滤,水洗,在120℃下干燥6h,得到二氧化硅纳米球原粉。再将其以5℃/min升温至550℃焙烧6h,得到介孔二氧化硅纳米球。介孔二氧化硅纳米球的平均粒径为82nm;通过氮气吸附-脱附法并且使用BJH方法计算结果表明,介孔二氧化硅纳米球具有双孔结构,分别为一级孔最可几孔径3.82nm和颗粒最可几孔径26.57nm。
步骤2:将介孔二氧化硅纳米球置于真空烘箱中,在120℃下真空活化6h。然后,将其置于2wt%壳聚糖(粘均分子量=3480;脱乙酰度=95%)的酸化乙醇溶液(0.1M HCl)中。其中,介孔二氧化硅纳米球与壳聚糖的质量比为1:0.6。随后70℃回流反应24h。反应结束后,加碱至中性。过滤、洗涤、干燥;得到介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料。
步骤3:将介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料加入适量水中,加热至85℃,搅拌使其充分混合均匀;然后加入少量蒸馏水溶解的缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵;其中,介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料与缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵的质量比为1:0.25;保温条件下反应18h。反应结束后,将溶液加入丙酮并搅拌,置于4℃条件下沉淀过夜;然后将沉淀使用丙酮洗涤离心3次,最后真空干燥,得到产物。
比较例1
步骤1:将5g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和15mL正硅酸乙酯加入蒸馏水中,搅拌使其充分混合均匀,然后快速加入7.5mL氨水,继续搅拌至溶液变为白色凝胶。将白色凝胶抽滤,水洗,在120℃下干燥6h,得到二氧化硅纳米球原粉。二氧化硅纳米球的平均粒径为76nm。由于未进行550℃焙烧的步骤,此二氧化硅纳米球原粉为实心结构。
步骤2和3的条件同实施例1,并且壳聚糖的用量保持一致。
比较例2
按照文献方法制备平均粒径为79nm的实心二氧化硅纳米球,具体方法如下:将100g无水乙醇加入9mL水中,再加入1.35mL氨水,搅拌使其充分混合均匀。然后快速加入10.5mL正硅酸乙酯。将反应装置密闭,置于25℃条件下反应24h。
步骤2和3的条件同实施例1,并且壳聚糖的用量保持一致。
比较例3
步骤1和2的条件同实施例1,并且壳聚糖的用量保持一致。
但不进行步骤3。
染色性能测试
使用实施例1和比较例1-3的二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖或其季铵盐对纯亚麻织物(经退浆、煮炼和漂白)依次进行下列处理工艺和浸轧工艺。
亚麻织物的处理工艺:配制整理液(介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖季铵盐复合材料占织物重5%,浴比1∶20)→浸轧布样(二浸二轧,轧余率85%,浸渍温度40℃,浸渍时间30min)→预烘(80℃,5min)→碱洗(1g·L-1洗衣粉水溶液)→水洗两次→轧干→烘干(85℃,5min)。
亚麻织物的浸轧工艺:浸轧染液(2%(o.w.f)活性艳蓝K-2RL,浴比1:50;60℃,20min)→促染(30g·L-1NaCl;80℃,20min)→固色(15g·L-1Na3PO4;90℃,30min)→水洗两次→烘干(100℃,5min)。
最终得到实施例1和比较例1-3的染色亚麻织物,在最大吸收波长处测染原液的吸光度和染余液的吸光度,计算染色亚麻织物的上染率(%)。耐干湿摩擦色牢度参照GB/T3920-2008(《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》)进行测试。
结果参见表1。
表1
染色亚麻织物 | 上染率 | 耐湿摩擦色牢度 | 耐湿摩擦色牢度 |
实施例1 | 72.8 | 4-5 | 4 |
比较例1 | 63.5 | 4 | 3-4 |
比较例2 | 65.9 | 4 | 3 |
比较例3 | 59.1 | 4-3 | 3 |
从表1可以看出,与比较例1-3相比,本发明实施例1的染色亚麻织物不仅使得高温活性染料的上染率较高,而且使得染色亚麻织物耐干湿摩擦色牢度更高。也就是说,本发明的纳米促染助剂相对于现有技术的促染效果更好。
应理解,本发明的具体实施方式仅用于阐释本发明的精神和原则,而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案作出各种改动、替换、删减、修正或调整,这些等价技术方案同样落于本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于活性艳蓝K-2RL亚麻织物染色的纳米促染助剂,其特征在于,由以下方法制备:
步骤1:正硅酸乙酯和模板剂在氨水存在下混合获得二氧化硅纳米球原粉,然后脱除模板剂得到介孔二氧化硅纳米球;
其中,所述步骤1的介孔二氧化硅纳米球具有双孔结构;所述双孔结构包括1-5nm的一级孔最可几孔径和20-30nm的颗粒最可几孔径;
步骤2:介孔二氧化硅纳米球与壳聚糖在酸性溶剂存在下反应得到介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料;
其中,介孔二氧化硅纳米球与壳聚糖的质量比为1:(0.4-0.8);所述步骤2的反应温度为50-90℃;反应时间为12-48h;
步骤3:介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料与季铵化剂反应得到纳米促染助剂;
其中,所述步骤3的季铵化剂选自缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵;介孔二氧化硅纳米球-壳聚糖复合材料与季铵化剂的质量比为1:(0.1-0.4);所述步骤3的反应温度为70-95℃;反应时间为8-36h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的模板剂选自十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的模板剂与正硅酸乙酯、氨水的比例为1g:(2-4)mL:(1-2)mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的脱除条件为500-600℃焙烧2-10h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤1的介孔二氧化硅纳米球平均粒径为50-150nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的介孔二氧化硅纳米球预先进行真空活化。
7.根据权利要求1所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的壳聚糖粘均分子量为1000-6000;脱乙酰度≥85%。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的壳聚糖粘均分子量为2000-5000;脱乙酰度≥90%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的助剂,其中,所述步骤2的酸性溶剂选自酸化乙醇溶液。
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CN104785214A (zh) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-22 | 安徽大学 | 壳聚糖包覆磁性介孔二氧化硅核-壳结构纳米粒子及其制备方法和应用 |
CN104831564A (zh) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-08-12 | 苏州威尔德工贸有限公司 | 一种亚麻织物印染用促染剂及其使用方法 |
CN106831430A (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-13 | 嘉兴华晟助剂工业有限公司 | 醚化水杨酸甲酯及其制品、应用 |
CN109440499A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-08 | 河南健锋帽业有限公司 | 一种亚麻织物的活性染料染色助剂及应用 |
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CN104785214A (zh) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-22 | 安徽大学 | 壳聚糖包覆磁性介孔二氧化硅核-壳结构纳米粒子及其制备方法和应用 |
CN106831430A (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-13 | 嘉兴华晟助剂工业有限公司 | 醚化水杨酸甲酯及其制品、应用 |
CN109440499A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-08 | 河南健锋帽业有限公司 | 一种亚麻织物的活性染料染色助剂及应用 |
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