CN111789057A - Healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system and method in shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode - Google Patents
Healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system and method in shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system and method in a shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode, which comprises the following steps: the culture system comprises a field surface shrimp culture area, an inner ridge, shrimp seedling ditches, an outer ridge and a gallery, wherein the shrimp seedling ditches are shrimp seedling breeding control areas. The culture method comprises the following steps: s1, feeding the shrimp seeds with the specification of more than 15g into the shrimp seed ditches within 5-6 months of the first year; during the period from 6 months of the first year to 2 months of the second year, the water level in the shrimp seed ditch is controlled in a gradual-falling and rising way; and S2 to S4, fishing a certain number of shrimp seedlings in the shrimp seedling ditch in batches in late 2 months, late 3 months and late 4 months of each year, putting the shrimp seedlings into a field surface shrimp forming culture area for culture, and fishing the shrimp forming culture areas in batches. The culture system and the method can realize batch secondary state culture of shrimp seeds and batch controllable culture of adult shrimps, so that the culture period is relatively prolonged, the market-appearing specification of the adult shrimps is improved, and the yield and the benefit are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fishery science application, in particular to a healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system and method in a shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode.
Background
Crayfish, the academic name Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii), belongs to the phylum Arthropoda (artropoda), crustaceans (crutacea), decapod (Decapoda), crayfishes (cambardae), Procambarus (Procambarus). The crayfish is a freshwater shrimp with strong environmental adaptability, wide feeding range and high growth speed, and is also a food material which is deeply popular with the public due to rich nutrition and delicious taste, so the crayfish is widely cultured in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river as an extremely important freshwater economic shrimp.
The crayfish-rice continuous cropping mode taking the rice field as the ecosystem is the most dominant mode of rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding in China, and the area of the mode currently accounts for more than 70% of the crayfish breeding area in China. The crayfish breeding mode of firstly breeding shrimps and then breeding rice has the advantages of relatively low technical requirements, strong ecological and economic benefit stability and the like. However, another significant characteristic of this model is that a large amount of seedlings emerge continuously from 3 months to 5 months, which causes significant defects in the production of the crayfish, such as relatively concentrated seedling emergence time, uncontrollable number of the seedlings, extremely irregular specification of the seedlings, and the like during the whole crayfish breeding period, and further causes the small specification and low yield of the cultivated commercial shrimps. Currently, the specifications of the edible commercial shrimps and the main level of the unit yield in the mode are respectively about 25g and 50-100 kg/667m2Therefore, the cultivation level and economic benefits are low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system and a healthy and efficient crayfish breeding method in a continuous cropping mode of shrimp and rice, and aims to solve the problem of low crayfish breeding production benefit caused by uncontrollable fry quantity and specifications in actual production.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system comprises a field shrimp-forming breeding area, an inner ridge escape-preventing net, a shrimp seedling ditch, an outer ridge escape-preventing net, a corridor and a connecting escape-preventing net. The field surface adult shrimp culture area is an adult shrimp culture and production area with the same flatness in the horizontal direction; the inner ridge is a dike ridge surrounding the outer side of the field surface shrimp culture area, and the bottom of the inner side of the inner ridge is flush with the field surface shrimp culture area; the inner ridge escape-proof net is a facility which is composed of a dense net and support columns and surrounds the top end of the inner ridge for a circle to prevent the crayfishes from escaping from each other between the field surface shrimp-forming culture area and the shrimp seed ditch; the shrimp seedling ditch is arranged between the inner ridge and the outer ridge; the outer ridge is a dike ridge surrounding the outer side of the shrimp seedling ditch, and the bottom of the inner side of the outer ridge is flush with the shrimp seedling ditch; the outer ridge escape-preventing net is a crayfish escape-preventing facility which is composed of a dense net and support columns and surrounds the top of the inner side of the outer ridge by a circle; the corridor passes through the outer ridge, the shrimp seedling ditch and the inner ridge and is in seamless connection with the field surface shrimp culture area; the connection anti-escape net is an anti-escape device which connects the inner ridge anti-escape net and the outer ridge anti-escape net.
The cross sections of the inner ridge, the outer ridge and the shrimp seedling ditch are all designed to be trapezoidal, two sides of the shrimp seedling ditch are connected with the inner ridge and the outer ridge to form inclined continuous slope surfaces, and the inner ridge, the shrimp seedling ditch and the outer ridge jointly form an artificial ecological ditch system for shrimp seedling breeding. The inner ridge and the outer ridge are all formed by piling up the soil dug in the shrimp seedling ditch,
in another aspect of the technical scheme of the invention, the method for breeding the crayfishes by using the healthy and efficient breeding system in the continuous cropping mode of the crayfishes and the rice comprises the following steps:
s1, shrimp seed throwing: and in 5-6 months of the first year, putting shrimp seeds with the specification of more than 15g into the shrimp seedling ditches as breeding backup parents for conventional breeding management, wherein the putting quantity of the shrimp seeds is 10-20 kg/667m calculated according to the total area enclosed by the inner sides of the outer ridges of the shrimp seedling ditches2；
And (3) controlling the water level of the shrimp brooch: in the period of 2 months from 6 months to the next year, in order to force parents completing mating activities to timely dig holes and hold eggs in the slope surfaces at the two sides of the shrimp seedling ditch, the water level in the shrimp seedling ditch is controlled in a gradual-down and back-up mode, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the water level before the middle ten days of 7 months is controlled to be 110-90 cm, the water level from the middle ten days of 7 months to the upper ten days of 8 months is controlled to be 90-70 cm, the water level from the middle ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 8 months is controlled to be 70-50 cm, the water level in 9 months is controlled to be 50-30 cm, the water level from 10 months to the next year and 1 month is controlled to be 10-30 cm, and the water level from the bottom of the second year and 1 month to the next year and 2 months is controlled to rise back to 30-50 cm;
s2, catching and throwing the shrimp seeds with the specification of 160-240 fries/kg in the shrimp seed ditch into the field surface adult shrimp culture area for culture according to a conventional method in the second year and late 2 months of each year after the second year, wherein the number of the caught and thrown shrimp seeds is 3000 fries/667 m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 20-30 cm, the fed feed is high-quality adult shrimp artificial compound feed in the culture process, the artificial compound feed is sufficiently fed in the field adult shrimp culture area every day, adult shrimp fishing can be carried out after 20 days of culture feeding, adult shrimps are continuously fished from 3 months to 20 months and come into the market, the total weight of the harvested adult shrimps with the average specification of more than 20g can reach 40-60 kg/667m2；
And (3) shrimp seed ditch management: continuously carrying out rich water, water-plant maintenance, water level control and feeding amount control of artificial feed in the shrimp seedling stage on the shrimp seedlings in the shrimp seedling ditches, rising the water level in the shrimp seedling ditches to 30-50 cm in the second year, rising the water level in the shrimp seedling ditches to 50-80 cm every year after the second year, and feeding the artificial feed in a saturated mode;
s3, catching and throwing 120-200 shrimps per kg of shrimp seedling in the ditch into the field surface shrimp culture area for culture according to a conventional method in the second year and 3 late months of each year after the second year, wherein the number of the caught and thrown shrimps is 4000 per 667m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 30-40 cm, the feed fed in the culture process is high-quality adult shrimp artificial compound feed, and the artificial compound feed is fed in the field adult shrimp culture area in a sufficient amount every day. After 20 days of culture and feedingCatching adult shrimps, wherein the adult shrimps are caught from 4 months and 20 days and come into the market 5 to 7 days later, and the total weight of the caught and marketed adult shrimps with the average specification of 30 to 35g can reach 100kg/667m2The above;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: and continuously performing water grass maintenance, water level control and feeding amount control of artificial feed in the shrimp seedling stage on the shrimp seedlings in the shrimp seedling ditches, wherein the water level rises to 80-120 cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is 30-50% of the feeding amount of the saturated feeding.
S4, catching and throwing 120-200 shrimp fries with the specification of 120-200 fries/kg in the shrimp fry ditch into the field surface shrimp forming culture area for culture according to a conventional method in the second year and late 4 months of each year after the second year, wherein the number of the caught and thrown shrimp fries is 4000 fries/667 m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 50-60 cm, the fed feed is high-quality adult shrimp artificial compound feed in the culture process, the artificial compound feed is fed in the field adult shrimp culture area in an adequate amount every day, adult shrimp fishing can be carried out after 20 days of culture feeding, adult shrimps are fished and sold in the market from 4 months to 20 days, the total weight of the fished and marketed adult shrimps with the average specification of 30-35 g can reach 100kg/667m2The above. During the adult shrimp culture period, the monitoring and regulation of culture water environment are particularly enhanced due to higher air temperature and water temperature, such as insect pest prevention and control of aquatic weeds, water change, water quality regulation by using a microecological preparation and the like, so as to maintain excellent culture water quality and feed a proper amount of biological fermentation feed;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: and continuously performing water grass maintenance, water level control and feeding amount control of artificial feed in the shrimp seedling stage on the shrimp seedlings in the shrimp seedling ditches, wherein the water level falls back to 80-50 cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is 10% -30% of the feeding amount of the saturated feeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system and method under the continuous cropping mode of shrimp and rice provided by the invention can realize the following specific beneficial effects:
(1) timely digging and inhabiting the oviferous shrimps: by controlling the water level in the shrimp seed furrows, mated parents can be forced to make holes and spawn on the slope surfaces on the two sides of the shrimp seed furrows at proper time, and the continuous slope surfaces on the two sides of the shrimp seed furrows provide continuous digging space and a proper cave inhabiting environment for the spawning shrimps (parents);
(2) in-situ production of shrimp larvae: the shrimp seed ditch can provide the specification seed for the culture of the adult shrimps in the rice field in an in-situ manner, so the adaptability of the seed is strong, the survival rate is high, and the transportation cost of the seed is basically avoided; if the quantity of the fries in the shrimp fry ditches is insufficient due to uncontrollable force, the shrimp fries in the shrimp fry ditches can be continuously and controllably cultivated by means of deepening water level, enhancing feeding, supplementing nearby fries in advance and the like so as to meet the requirement of multi-batch cultivation of adult shrimps in the rice field;
(3) timely culturing the shrimp larvae: the timely hole outlet and timely cultivation of the shrimp seedlings can be controlled by controlling the water level in the shrimp seedling ditches, so that batch cultivation and production of the shrimp seedlings in batches are realized, and the requirement of multi-batch cultivation of the adult shrimps in the rice field can be met;
(4) healthy cultivation of shrimp larvae: through the controlled management of the water level in the shrimp larva ditch and the feed feeding, the method can realize the multiple batches of seedlings and carry out controlled cultivation on the seedlings, and does not need to use corresponding medicines to kill partial shrimp larvae with overlarge density, thereby being an ecological, environment-friendly and healthy shrimp larva cultivation mode;
(5) controllable culture of adult shrimps: by controlling the putting time, the number and the specification of the shrimp fries, the shrimp breeding density can be controlled, the breeding specification is large, and the shrimps are continuously listed in the whole breeding period;
(6) the culture yield of adult shrimps is high: the shrimp forming method provided by the invention has strong operability and can relatively prolong the shrimp forming culture period of the rice field, thereby improving the shrimp forming yield of the whole culture period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of a healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system in a continuous cropping mode of shrimp and rice provided by the invention; fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals: 1-field surface shrimp culture area, 2-inner ridge, 3-shrimp seedling ditch, 4-outer ridge, 5-gallery, 6-inner ridge escape-proof net, 7-outer ridge escape-proof net, 8-connection escape-proof net.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cultivation system of the embodiment 1 is a healthy and efficient cultivation system for crayfish in a continuous shrimp and rice farming mode, and comprises a field shrimp forming cultivation area 1, an inner ridge 2, a shrimp seedling ditch 3, an outer ridge 4, a corridor 5, an inner ridge escape-proof net 6, an outer ridge inner escape-proof net 7 and a connecting escape-proof net 8.
The inner ridge 2 surrounds the field surface into a shrimp culture area 1 in a circle, and the bottom of the inner side of the inner ridge 2 is flush with the field surface into a shrimp culture area 1; the inner ridge 2 with do between the outer ridge 4 shrimp seedling ditch 3, inner ridge 2, outer ridge 4 and the cross section of shrimp seedling ditch 3 all establishes to trapezoidal, the both sides of shrimp seedling ditch 3 with the inboard of inner ridge 2 and outer ridge 4 is connected for the continuous domatic of slope, corridor 5 passes outer ridge 4, shrimp seedling ditch 3, inner ridge 2 with the field level becomes shrimp breed district 1 and links to each other.
The corridor 5 is a corridor which is located at one corner of the rice field and is 3.5-4.0 m wide and is in seamless connection with the field surface shrimp culture area 4, the height of the horizontal plane of the corridor is consistent with that of the top end face of the outer ridge, and the corridor has the functions of facilitating the culture management operation (such as water plant planting, water quality regulation, feed feeding and the like) and the later-stage planting management operation (such as rice planting, field management and the like) of the field surface shrimp culture area 1.
The shrimp seedling ditch 3, the outer ridge 4 and the inner ridge 2 form an artificial ecological ditch system for shrimp seedling breeding. The slope surfaces on the two sides of the shrimp seed ditch 3 can provide digging space and a proper cave inhabiting environment required by spawn incubation for the spawned shrimps (parent) in autumn, winter and early spring. And the water level of the shrimp seed ditch 3 can be manually adjusted to control the egg-carrying shrimp hole outlet time so as to control the batch cultivation time and cultivation density of the shrimp seeds.
The area of the shrimp seedling ditch 3 is not more than 15% of the total area enclosed by the inner sides of the outer ridges 4 of the shrimp seedling ditch. The slope ratio (H3: L4) and the slope height H3 (relative to the bottom of the shrimp seed ditch) of the outer ridge 4 are respectively 1:2 and 1.5 m; the inner ridge 2 is positioned on the field platform 1, the cross section of the inner ridge is in a regular trapezoid shape, and the slope bottom, the slope top and the slope height (relative to the field platform) of the inner ridge are respectively 0.5m, 0.4m and 0.3 m; the slope ratio (H2: L1) and the slope height (relative to the bottom of the shrimp seedling ditch 3) of the slope surface at one side of the shrimp seedling ditch 3 close to the field surface are respectively 1:1.25 and 0.8 m.
In FIG. 2, L1 is 1.0m, L2 is 1.0m, L3 is 1.6m, L4 is 1.4m, L5 is 1.8m, and L6 is 0.7 m. The cross section areas of the shrimp seedling ditches and the outer ridges are close to each other.
In order to provide a culture ecological environment for the shrimp seeds leaving the egg-carrying shrimps (parent bodies) to perch and grow, aquatic plant belts such as alternanthera philoxeroides and the like are continuously and uniformly cultured on the slope surfaces on the two sides of the shrimp seed ditches 3 during the culture period of the shrimp seeds.
In order to control the water level in the shrimp seedling ditch 3, the culture system further comprises a water inlet and outlet device (not shown in the figure), the water inlet and outlet device comprises a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe comprises a water inlet main pipe, a plurality of water inlet branch pipes and water inlet valves which are connected, the plurality of water inlet branch pipes are arranged on the inner side of the outer ridge, and each water inlet branch pipe is provided with a water inlet valve.
In order to provide sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water for the shrimp seeds inhabiting the shrimp seed furrows, the culture system further comprises an oxygen increasing device (not shown in the figure). The oxygenation device comprises an air compressor, an air pipeline and an aerator. The air compressor is a mechanical device for providing high-pressure input air for the gas pipeline; the gas pipeline comprises a gas main pipe and gas shunt pipes which are connected, two ends of the gas main pipe are respectively connected with the air compressor and the gas shunt pipes, and the gas shunt pipes are connected with the aerators in a one-to-one correspondence mode. The aerators are oxygen supply outlets uniformly distributed at the bottom of the shrimp seed ditch.
In order to prevent the lower lobsters from escaping from the field surface adult shrimp culture area 1 and the shrimp seedling ditches 3, a circle of inner ridge escape-preventing net 6 is arranged at the top end of the inner ridge 2. The inner ridge escape-preventing net comprises a dense net and a plurality of supporting columns for supporting the dense net, wherein the supporting columns are arranged at intervals and surround the inner ridge for 2 circles. The height of the dense net is 0.5m, and the mesh density is 80-120 meshes; the support column is a bamboo pole with a single root length of 1.3-1.5 m and hard texture, the cuttage depth and the cuttage distance of soil on the top end of the inner ridge 2 are 0.8-1.0 m and 1.5-2.0 m respectively, and the inner ridge escape-proof net inclines 15 degrees towards the shrimp seedling ditch 3 direction.
In order to prevent the shrimp seeds in the shrimp seed ditches from escaping over the outer ridges 4, a circle of outer ridge escape-preventing net 7 is arranged on the inner side of the outer ridges 4. The outer ridge escape-preventing net comprises a dense net and a plurality of supporting columns for supporting the dense net, wherein the supporting columns are arranged at intervals and surround the outer ridge for 4 circles. The height of the dense net is 0.6m, the length of a single support column is 0.8-1.0 m, and the cutting depth of soil on the inner side of the outer ridge 4 of the support column is 0.2-0.4 m. The height, the density of meshes of the dense net, the material of the support columns, the cutting distance and the orientation of the support columns of the outer ridge escape-preventing net 7 are consistent with the corresponding requirements of the inner ridge escape-preventing net 6.
In order to prevent the shrimp seeds in the shrimp seed ditches from crossing the gallery 5 to escape, the outer ends of the two sides of the gallery 5 are respectively provided with a connection escape-proof net 8, and the connection escape-proof net 8 is seamlessly connected with the inner ridge escape-proof net 6 and the outer ridge escape-proof net 7. The manufacture and the arrangement of the connecting anti-escape net 8 are consistent with the corresponding requirements of the outer ridge anti-escape net 7.
The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system in the continuous cropping mode of shrimp and rice provided by the invention can provide the specification of the crayfish breeding nearby in an in-situ manner, so that the adaptability of the crayfish is high, the survival rate is high, the transportation cost of the crayfish is basically avoided, and the controllable breeding of the crayfish in the rice field can be realized on the basis of the breeding density and the breeding specification.
Under the above-mentioned conditions of the cultivation system, the cultivation method of this embodiment 1 includes:
s1, shrimp seed throwing: in the first year5-6 months, putting the shrimp seeds with the specification of more than 15g into the shrimp seed ditches as breeding backup parents to carry out conventional breeding management; according to the total area of the inner sides of the outer ridges of the shrimp seed ditches, the number of the shrimp seeds put in is 15kg/667m2；
And (3) controlling the water level of the shrimp brooch: in the period of 2 months from 6 months to the next year, in order to force parents completing mating activities to timely dig holes and hold eggs in the slope surfaces at the two sides of the shrimp seedling ditch, the water level in the shrimp seedling ditch is controlled in a gradual-down and back-up mode, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the water level before the middle ten days of 7 months is controlled to be 110cm, the water level from the last ten days of 7 months to the top of 8 months is controlled to be 90cm, the water level from the middle ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 8 months is controlled to be 70cm, the water level in 9 months is controlled to be 50cm, and the water level in 1 month from 10 months to the next year is controlled to be 10 cm; the water level rises to 30cm from the bottom of the second year 1 month to the last ten months of the second year 2. In the invention, by a control mode of gradually reducing and rising the water level in the shrimp seed groove 3 in the period from 6 months of the first year to 2 months of the second year, parents completing mating activities can be forced to punch holes and breed eggs on the slope surfaces at two sides of the shrimp seed groove in time.
S2, catching and throwing the shrimp seeds with the specification of 160-240 shrimp seed/kg in the shrimp seed ditch into the field surface shrimp-forming culture area for culture according to a conventional method in the last 2 th ten days of each year from the second year, wherein the number of the caught and thrown shrimp seeds is 3000 seeds/667 m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 20cm, the fed feed is high-quality adult shrimp artificial mixed feed in the culture process, the artificial mixed feed is sufficiently fed in the field adult shrimp culture area every day, the first adult shrimp catching every year can be carried out after 20 days of culture feeding, and the adult shrimps are successively caught from 3 months to 20 days to 4 months and come into the market;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: continuously carrying out rich water, aquatic plant maintenance, water level control and feeding amount control of artificial feed in the shrimp seedling stage on the shrimp seedlings in the shrimp seedling ditch, rising the water level in the shrimp seedling ditch to 30cm in the last 2 months of the second year, rising the water level in the shrimp seedling ditch to 50cm in the last 2 months of the second year, and feeding the artificial feed in a manner of full feeding;
s3, beginning every second yearCatching and throwing 120-200 shrimp seeds in the shrimp seed ditch into the field surface adult shrimp culture area for culture according to a conventional method in the late 3 months of the year, wherein the number of the caught and thrown shrimp seeds is 4000 seeds/667 m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 30cm, the fed feed is used for feeding high-quality adult shrimp artificial mixed feed in the culture process, and the artificial mixed feed is sufficiently fed in the field adult shrimp culture area every day. The second adult shrimp catching can be carried out after 20 days of breeding and feeding, and the adult shrimps are caught and sold on the market after 5-7 days from 4 months and 20 days;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: continuing to perform waterweed maintenance, water level control and artificial feed feeding amount control in the shrimp seed stage on the shrimp seeds in the shrimp seed furrows, wherein the water level rises to 80cm, and the artificial feed feeding amount is 30% of the full feeding amount;
s4, catching and throwing 120-200 shrimp seeds in the shrimp seed ditch into the field surface shrimp-forming culture area for culture according to a conventional method in late 4 th ten days of each year from the next year, wherein the number of the caught and thrown shrimp seeds is 4000/667 m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 50cm, the fed feed is high-quality adult shrimp artificial mixed feed in the culture process, the artificial mixed feed is sufficiently fed in the field adult shrimp culture area every day, the third adult shrimp fishing can be carried out every year after 20 days of culture feeding, and the adult shrimps are fished and sold on the market after 5-7 days from 4 months and 20 days. During the adult shrimp culture period, the monitoring and regulation of culture water environment are particularly enhanced due to higher air temperature and water temperature, such as insect pest prevention and control of aquatic weeds, water change, water quality regulation by using a microecological preparation and the like, so as to maintain excellent culture water quality and feed a proper amount of biological fermentation feed;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: and continuously performing water grass maintenance, water level control and feeding amount control of artificial feed in the shrimp seedling stage on the shrimp seedlings in the shrimp seedling ditches, wherein the water level falls back to 50cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is 10% of the feeding amount of the full feed.
Example 2
In this example 2, the same cultivation system as that in example 1 was used for cultivation, and the cultivation steps were substantially the same, except that:
s1, controlling the water level in the shrimp seed ditch in the period of 6 months to 2 months of the second year as follows: the water level before the middle ten days of 7 months is controlled to be 90cm, the water level from the last ten days of 7 months to the top 8 months is controlled to be 70cm, the water level from the middle ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 8 months is controlled to be 50cm, the water level in 9 months is controlled to be 40cm, and the water level in 10 months to the next year and 1 month is controlled to be 30 cm; the water level rises to 50cm from the bottom of the second year 1 month to the last ten months of the second year 2.
S2, in late 2 months of each year from the second year, the water level of the adult shrimp culture area on the field surface is maintained at 30 cm; the water level in the shrimp seedling ditch in late 2 months of the second year rises to 50cm, the water level in the shrimp seedling ditch in late 2 months of the second year rises to 80cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is still full;
s3, in late 3 months of each year from the second year, the water level of the adult shrimp culture area on the field surface is maintained at 40 cm; the water level in the shrimp seed ditch rises back to 120cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is 50 percent of the feeding amount of the full feed;
s4, in late 4 th month of each year from the next year, maintaining the water level of the adult shrimp culture area on the field surface at 60 cm; the water level in the shrimp seed ditch falls back to 80cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is 30 percent of the feeding amount of the full feed.
Example 3
In example 3, the same culture system as that in example 1 is used for culture, and the culture steps are basically the same, except that:
s1, controlling the water level in the shrimp seed ditch in the period of 6 months to 2 months of the second year as follows: the water level before the middle ten days of 7 months is controlled to be 100cm, the water level from the last ten days of 7 months to the top 8 months is controlled to be 80cm, the water level from the middle ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 8 months is controlled to be 60cm, the water level in 9 months is controlled to be 50cm, and the water level in 10 months to the next year and 1 month is controlled to be 20 cm; the water level rises back to 40cm from the bottom of the second year 1 month to the last ten months of the second year 2;
s2, in late 2 months of each year from the second year, the water level of the adult shrimp culture area on the field surface is maintained at 25 cm; in the last 2 months of the second year, the water level in the shrimp larva ditch rises back to 40cm, in the last 2 months of the year after the second year, the water level rises back to 60cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is still full;
s3, in late 3 months of each year from the second year, the water level of the adult shrimp culture area on the field surface is maintained at 35 cm; the water level in the shrimp larva ditch rises to 70cm again, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is 40 percent of the feeding amount of the full feed;
s4, in 4 last ten days of each year in the second year, the water level of the adult shrimp culture area on the field surface is maintained at 55 cm; the water level in the shrimp seed ditch falls back to 60cm, and the feeding amount of the artificial feed is 20 percent of the feeding amount of the full feed.
Experimental results part:
the crayfish bred and cultivated in the present examples 1, 2 and 3 were batch-fished in late 2 months, late 3 months and late 4 months of each year, and the obtained effects are as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the prior art that the mode of concentrated emergence time, uncontrollable seedling quantity and extremely irregular seedling specification during the crayfish breeding period caused by 'breeding shrimps firstly and then planting rice' is adopted, the shrimp breeding level is respectively about 25g and 50-100 kg/667m2In the method of cultivating young shrimps in batches and fishing the young shrimps in batches in the second year, the obtained adult shrimps with the shrimp-cultivating level of more than 25g reach 240kg/667m2Therefore, the cultivation level can be obviously improved by adopting the embodiment, and the method can be continuously listed, so that the economic benefit is improved.
The culture method provided by the invention controls the real-time hole emergence and the culture time of the shrimp seedlings on the slopes on the two sides of the shrimp seedling ditch by controlling the water level, thereby realizing batch culture of the shrimp seedlings and meeting the requirement of multi-batch culture of adult shrimps in the rice field.
According to the culture method provided by the invention, multiple batches of seedlings are ensured through the control of the water level and the feeding control of the feed, and the seedlings are cultured in a controlled manner in stages without using corresponding medicines to kill part of the shrimp seedlings with overlarge density, so that the culture method is an ecological and environment-friendly shrimp seedling culture mode. If the number of the fries in the shrimp seedling ditch is insufficient due to the influence of specific uncontrollable force, the fries can be put into the shrimp seedling ditch by deepening the water level and strengthening the feeding mode or even purchasing a part of shrimp seedlings nearby in advance, and the shrimp seedlings in the shrimp seedling ditch are continuously and controllably cultured so as to meet the requirement of multi-batch culture of the adult shrimps in the rice field.
The mode for culturing the adult shrimps has controllable culture density, large culture specification and continuous marketing in the whole culture period.
The method has strong operability and relatively prolongs the culture period of the adult shrimps in the rice field, so that the culture yield of the whole culture period is improved, and the method has great popularization value.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system in a shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode is characterized by comprising a field shrimp forming breeding area, an inner ridge escape-proof net, shrimp seedling ditches, an outer ridge escape-proof net, a corridor and a connecting escape-proof net; the inner ridge surrounds the outer circle of the field surface shrimp culture area, and the bottom of the inner side of the inner ridge is flush with the field surface shrimp culture area; the shrimp seedling ditch is characterized in that the shrimp seedling ditch is formed between the inner ridge and the outer ridge, the cross sections of the inner ridge, the outer ridge and the shrimp seedling ditch are all designed to be trapezoidal, two sides of the shrimp seedling ditch are respectively connected with the inner ridge and the inner side of the outer ridge to form a slope surface which is continuous in an inclined mode, and the corridor passes through the outer ridge, the shrimp ditch and the inner ridge and is connected with the field surface to form a shrimp culture area.
2. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system in the shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slope ratio of the outer ridge is 1:2, and the slope ratio of the shrimp seed trench close to the slope surface of one side of the field surface shrimp-forming breeding area is 1: 1.25.
3. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system in a shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 2, wherein the slope height of the outer banks is 1.5m, the slope height of the shrimp seedling ditches is 0.8m, the cross sections of the inner banks are in a regular trapezoid shape, and the slope bottom, the slope top and the slope height of the inner banks are 1.5m, 0.5m and 0.6m respectively.
4. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system in the shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 3, wherein the outer ridge escape-proof net is arranged on the inner side of the outer ridge, the inner ridge escape-proof net is arranged on the inner ridge, the connecting escape-proof nets are arranged on two sides of the corridor, and two ends of each connecting escape-proof net are respectively connected with the outer ridge escape-proof net and the inner ridge escape-proof net.
5. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding system in the shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 4, wherein the outer ridge escape-proof net and the connecting escape-proof net each comprise a dense net and a plurality of support columns for supporting the dense net, the height of the dense net is 0.6m, and the mesh density is 80-120 meshes; the support columns are hard bamboo poles with the single root length of 0.8-1.0 m, the cuttage depth of the support columns is 0.2-0.4 m, the distance between every two adjacent support columns is 1.5-2.0 m, and the dense net inclines towards the shrimp seed groove by 15 degrees;
the inner ridge escape-preventing net comprises a dense net and a plurality of support columns of the dense net, the height of the dense net is 0.5m, and the mesh density is 80-120 meshes; the cuttage depth of the support columns in the shrimp seedling ditch inner ridge top soil is 0.8-1.0 m, the distance between every two adjacent support columns is 1.5-2.0 m, and the dense net inclines towards the shrimp seedling ditch by 15 degrees.
6. A crayfish cultivation method using the healthy and efficient crayfish cultivation system in the continuous cropping mode of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, shrimp seed putting and shrimp fry ditch water level control: putting the shrimp seeds with the specification of more than 15g into the shrimp seed ditch within 5-6 months of the first year; during 6 months of the first year to 2 months of the second year, the water level in the shrimp seed ditch is controlled in a gradual-falling and rising mode, and the control method specifically comprises the following steps: the water level before the last ten days of 7 months is controlled to be 110-90 cm, the water level from the last ten days of 7 months to the last 8 months is controlled to be 90-70 cm, the water level from the middle ten days of 8 months to the bottom of 8 months is controlled to be 70-50 cm, the water level in 9 months is controlled to be 50-30 cm, the water level from 10 months to the next year and 1 month is controlled to be 30-10 cm, and the water level from the bottom of the second year and 1 month to the next year and 2 months later is controlled to rise back to 30-50 cm;
s2, fishing the shrimp seeds with the specification of 160-240 tails/kg in the shrimp seed ditch and putting the shrimp seeds into a field surface adult shrimp culture area for culture in late 2 months of each year from the second year, and managing the field surface adult shrimp culture area and the shrimp seed ditch;
s3, fishing the shrimp seeds with the specification of 120-200 tails/kg in the shrimp seed ditch and putting the shrimp seeds into a field surface adult shrimp culture area for culture in late 3 months of each year from the second year, and managing the field surface adult shrimp culture area and the shrimp seed ditch;
s4, in late 4 th month of each year from the next year, catching and putting the shrimp seeds with the size of 120-200 tails/kg in the shrimp seed ditch into the field adult shrimp culture area for culture, and managing the field adult shrimp culture area and the shrimp seed ditch.
7. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding method in a shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S1, the number of shrimp seeds put in is 20-30 kg/667m calculated according to the total area enclosed by the inner sides of the outer ridges of the shrimp seedling ditches2。
8. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding method in a shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 7, wherein the number of young crayfish harvested and released into the field surface adult crayfish breeding area in S2 is 3000 fish/667 m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 20-30 cm, the feed is fed in an enough amount, and the first adult shrimp fishing is carried out after 20 days of feeding;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: and the water level in the shrimp seed furrows in the second year rises back to 30-50 cm, the water level in the shrimp seed furrows in the next year rises back to 50-80 cm, and the feeding amount is full feeding.
9. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding method in the shrimp-rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 8, wherein the number of the shrimp fries caught in S3 and thrown into the field surface adult shrimp breeding area is 4000 per 667m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field surface adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 30-40 cm, feeding is enough, and secondary adult shrimp fishing is carried out after 20 days of feeding;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: the water level in the shrimp seed ditch is controlled to be 80-120 cm, and the feeding amount is 30-50% of the feeding amount of the satiation feeding.
10. The healthy and efficient crayfish breeding method in a shrimp and rice continuous cropping mode as claimed in claim 9, wherein the number of young crayfish harvested and released into the field surface adult crayfish breeding area in S4 is 4000 fish/667 m2；
Managing a field adult shrimp culture area: the water level of the field adult shrimp culture area is maintained at 50-60 cm, the feed is fed sufficiently, and the adult shrimps are fished for the third time after 20 days of feeding;
and (3) shrimp seed ditch management: the water level in the shrimp seed ditch falls back to 80-50 cm, and the feeding amount is 10% -30% of the feeding amount of the satiated feeding.
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