CN111777762B - 一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物 - Google Patents

一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物 Download PDF

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CN111777762B
CN111777762B CN202010639389.XA CN202010639389A CN111777762B CN 111777762 B CN111777762 B CN 111777762B CN 202010639389 A CN202010639389 A CN 202010639389A CN 111777762 B CN111777762 B CN 111777762B
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张光彦
鲍晨辉
王鹏
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Abstract

本发明提供一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物,所述聚天冬氨酸衍生物的分子式为(C9H16N2O3)n,n为温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物的聚合度,n为40‑500的整数。所述温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物主链为聚天冬氨酸,侧链为乙氧基丙胺基,侧链与主链之间以酰胺键结合。本发明以聚天冬氨酸作为主链结构,保证主体结构具有良好的生物安全性和降解性,选择乙氧基丙胺基作为侧链并以酰胺键连接到聚天冬氨酸主链上,其侧链单一,结构规整,结构与性能关系明确,安全可生物降解,具有温度敏感性,不存在因多种侧链结构分布无规则而引起的性能波动问题,通过调节其水溶液pH值能够调控其转变温度。

Description

一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物
技术领域
本发明属于新材料技术领域,具体涉及一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物。
背景技术
温敏性聚合物是一类能根据外界环境温度的变化,自发调整其物理或化学特性的高分子。因此,环境温度可作为开关,对温敏性聚合物的物理化学性质进行调控。例如,通过快速升温温敏性聚合物水溶液至其相转变温度以上的方法,可在数分钟内效率封装疏水性活性药物成分,并将其制备成纳米胶束[Ma YY,Jiang XL,Zhuo RX.Biodegradable andthermosensitive micelles of amphiphilic polyaspartamide derivativescontaining aromatic groups for drug delivery.Journal of Polymer Science PartA:Polymer Chemistry,2013,51:3917–3924]。此外,温度也可用作胶束释放活性成分的开关,用于控制药物的释放行为。正是由于温敏性聚合物水溶液在临界温度附近存在相转变过程的特点,使其在医药、生物、化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用。
聚天冬氨酸(PAsp)衍生物是一类以氨基酸——“天冬氨酸”为主链结构单元,对人体和环境友好型的聚合物。与以碳链为主链的温敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺) 及其衍生物相比,温敏性聚天冬氨酸衍生物具有可生物降解、生物相容性好等优势。
虽然目前已报道了几种温敏性聚天冬氨酸衍生物,但侧链均含有两种或两种以上不同的化学结构(如:Yoichi Tachibana;Motoichi Kurisawa;Hiroshi Uyama; ToyojiKakuchi;Shiro Kobayashi.Biodegradable thermoresponsive poly(amino acid)s.Chemical Communications 2003,106-107),部分还需进行二次修饰改性才能具备温度响应能力(如:Ma YY;Jiang XL;Zhuo RX.Biodegradable and thermosensitivepolyaspartamide derivatives bearing aromatic structures.Materials Letters2014,121,78-80),导致侧链化学结构的分布难以控制,呈无规状态,分布状态与性能(如:转变温度)关系不明确等问题,不利于转变温度的精准调控。同时,制备方法复杂、步骤多。
此外,环境pH也可以作为触发条件,如果能通过调整温敏性聚合物水溶液的pH值,来实现温敏性聚合物转变温度的调控,则能根据实际应用情况借助外部pH的变化精准调控其转变温度,同时扩大温敏性材料的适用范围(适应更广阔的环境温度变化)。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物(简称:PAsp-EPA),是一种基于聚天冬氨酸的、具有温度敏感行为且温敏行为可通过环境pH调控、安全可生物降解的聚合物材料,为疏水性化妆品活性成分或药物的装载及可控释放提供更多更优选择。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明提供一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物(PAsp-EPA),所述聚天冬氨酸衍生物的分子式为:(C9H16N2O3)n,且包含以下结构:
Figure BDA0002570305930000021
其中,n为温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA的聚合度,n为40-500的整数。
所述温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物主链为聚天冬氨酸,侧链为乙氧基丙胺基(-NHCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3),侧链与主链之间以酰胺键结合。
所述温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物水溶液对pH值变化具有响应行为,通过调节其水溶液pH值能够调控其转变温度。
进一步地,所述温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物水溶液浓度为2%时,在36-70℃的温度区间范围内具有温度响应行为,对应的pH变化范围为 2.0-7.0,通过调节其水溶液pH值在此区间的变化能够调控其转变温度,所述浓度为质量体积百分比。
本发明提供的温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物其制备仅需一步化学反应,即可制备而成:(1)先将聚琥珀酰亚胺分散或溶解在溶剂中,然后加入过量的3-乙氧基丙胺在室温或指定温度下进行反应,所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜中任一种;(2)反应结束后,采用透析、沉淀等方法脱除溶剂和过量的3-乙氧基丙胺,即可得到温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA。合成步骤简单快捷。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)该衍生物优选聚天冬氨酸作为主链结构,以保证所设计温度/pH双重敏感性材料的主体结构具有良好的生物安全性和降解性。
(2)该温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物,侧链选择乙氧基丙胺基 (-NHCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3,简称EPA)并以酰胺键连接到聚天冬氨酸主链上,其侧链单一,结构规整,结构与性能关系明确,安全可生物降解,具有温度敏感性,不存在因多种侧链结构分布无规则而引起的性能(如:转变温度)波动问题。
(3)该温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物的合成步骤简单,仅一步,且聚琥珀酰亚胺结构单元的开环比例为100%,无需调控开环比例。
(4)该温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物的转变温度可以通过调节其水溶液pH值进行调控。
附图说明
图1为本发明温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物(PAsp-EPA)的红外谱图;
图2为本发明温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物(PAsp-EPA)的核磁氢谱表征结果;
图3为本发明温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物(PAsp-EPA)水溶液(2%质量浓度,pH=7.0)透过率随温度的变化曲线;
图4为pH值对温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物(PAsp-EPA)水溶液(2%质量浓度)转变温度的影响。
具体实施方式
通过以下详细说明结合附图可以进一步理解本发明的特点和优点。所提供的实施例仅是对本发明方法的说明,而不以任何方式限制本发明揭示的其余内容。
实施例1
称取1.0克聚琥珀酰亚胺(分子量20000),加入烧瓶内,加入10毫升DMF 溶解至均相;然后,向烧瓶内加入1.5克3-乙氧基丙胺,60℃下搅拌反应1天;反应结束后,将反应物装入截留分子量3500的透析袋中,对水透析7天,冷冻干燥后即可得到温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA。
所得温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA分别用红外光谱 (FTIR,附图1)和核磁氢谱(1H-NMR,附图2)进行结构表征。从附图1可以看出,产物在1113cm-1附近出现了明显的醚键(-O-)特征吸收峰,2970cm-1和2868cm-1附近出现了明显的甲基(CH3-)和亚甲基(-CH2-)的特征吸收峰, 3312cm-1为酰胺键的特征吸收峰。从附图2的1H-NMR(测试溶剂:D2O)可以看出,聚琥珀酰亚胺的结构单元已经全部被3-乙氧基丙胺开环(未见聚琥珀酰亚胺结构单元五元环叔碳上的质子氢信号,5.3ppm),且各质子信号峰的积分比例与PAsp-EPA的化学结构相符。上述结构表征结果说明,成功制备出了以聚天冬氨酸为主链,以乙氧基丙胺基(-NHCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3)为侧链的聚天冬氨酸衍生物。
温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA的温度响应行为研究:采用紫外可见分光光度计在500nm处所测定的PAsp-EPA纯水溶液(浓度为2 毫克/毫升)的透过率随温度的变化曲线见附图3。从附图3可以看出,PAsp-EPA 水溶液在升降温过程中,均表现出了明显的温度响应行为,且转变温度在62℃左右(以升温过程,透过率下降至90%时所对应的温度计)。此外,PAsp-EPA水溶液的转变温度随体系pH的降低而降低(见附图4)。当PAsp-EPA水溶液的pH 值下降到6时,PAsp-EPA水溶液的转变温度下降至58℃;当PAsp-EPA水溶液的pH值下降到4时,PAsp-EPA水溶液的转变温度下降至46℃;当PAsp-EPA 水溶液的pH值降低到2时,PAsp-EPA水溶液的转变温度下降至36℃左右。
实施例2
称取1.0克聚琥珀酰亚胺(分子量10000),加入烧瓶内,加入15毫升水进行分散;然后,向烧瓶内加入2.0克3-乙氧基丙胺,室温下搅拌反应7天;待反应结束后,得到均相透明溶液。对水透析7天除去过量未反应的3-乙氧基丙胺,冷冻干燥后即可得到温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA。
实施例3
称取1.0克聚琥珀酰亚胺(分子量4000),加入烧瓶内,加入10毫升DMF 将其溶解至均相。然后,向烧瓶内加入1.5克3-乙氧基丙胺,室温下搅拌反应4 天;待反应结束后,用无水乙醚沉淀、过滤,经真空干燥得到温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA。
实施例4
称取1.0克聚琥珀酰亚胺(分子量50000),加入烧瓶内,加入10毫升二甲基亚砜溶解至均相;然后,向烧瓶内加入1.5克3-乙氧基丙胺,60℃下搅拌反应 1天;待反应结束后,用无水乙醚沉淀、过滤,经真空干燥得到温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物PAsp-EPA。

Claims (4)

1.一种温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物,其特征在于:所述聚天冬氨酸衍生物的分子式为(C9H16N2O3)n,且包含以下结构:
Figure FDA0002570305920000011
其中,n为温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物的聚合度,n为40-500的整数。
2.如权利要求1所述的温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物,其特征在于:所述温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物主链为聚天冬氨酸,侧链为乙氧基丙胺基(-NHCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3),侧链与主链之间以酰胺键结合。
3.如权利要求1所述的温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物,其特征在于:所述温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物水溶液对pH值变化具有响应行为,通过调节其水溶液pH值能够调控其转变温度。
4.如权利要求3所述的温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物,其特征在于:所述温度/pH双重敏感性聚天冬氨酸衍生物的水溶液浓度为2%时,在36-70℃的温度区间范围内具有温度响应行为,对应的pH变化范围为2.0-7.0,所述浓度为质量体积百分比。
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