CN111766369B - Visual system for simulating deep roadway deformation under underground water freeze-thaw cycle effect - Google Patents
Visual system for simulating deep roadway deformation under underground water freeze-thaw cycle effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN111766369B CN111766369B CN202010624594.9A CN202010624594A CN111766369B CN 111766369 B CN111766369 B CN 111766369B CN 202010624594 A CN202010624594 A CN 202010624594A CN 111766369 B CN111766369 B CN 111766369B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering tests, and aims to solve the problem that visual detection of deep roadway deformation under the action of water system freeze-thaw cycle cannot be realized in a simulation test, in particular to a visual system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of underground water freeze-thaw cycle, which comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, a test chamber system, a temperature control system, a water system simulation system and a PET detection system, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection system is used for scanning and detecting the three-dimensional shape of a crack in a test piece; the temperature control system is used for simulating a freeze-thaw cycle environment; the water system simulation system is used for conveying liquid to simulate a water system channel; and the PET detection system is used for detecting the migration dynamics of seepage flow in the test piece crack under the action of freeze-thaw cycle. By the visual detection of the roadway deformation process, the development and expansion of cracks in the tunnel surrounding rock under the action of freeze-thaw cycles can be accurately detected, so that the deformation state of the tunnel surrounding rock corresponding to the set water system position and temperature parameters can be obtained, and reliable parameters can be provided for actual construction operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering tests, and particularly relates to a visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water.
Background
In and after the construction of a large number of existing tunnels, the prediction and maintenance of stress deformation caused by underground water system development, high ground stress and low-temperature environment are faced; factors such as special environment in the field affect, and the conditions of rock deformation and crack development expansion of water systems at different positions in different freezing and thawing environments cannot be quantitatively evaluated. The model test technology is an important means for researching the large tunnel engineering problem in the rock-soil mass, can qualitatively or quantitatively research the stress deformation characteristics of surrounding rocks and tunnel structures in tunnel engineering, can better reflect the real engineering situation and has wide applicability, can provide reasonable parameters for establishing a numerical calculation model and provide reliable comparison and reference basis for numerical simulation results; the method is the most safe and efficient research method for carrying out the technical guidance on the construction site by carrying out the physical simulation test in a laboratory.
The problem of stability of deep tunnels and tunnels is one of key problems which people pay special attention to and need to solve in the process of building tunnels in mountainous areas, and huge loss is often caused to projects. The current mature theoretical calculation formula of deep tunnel and tunnel stability still has certain limitation to the actual construction operation. The method has important theoretical significance and engineering practical value for analyzing deformation rules of deep tunnels and tunnels in freeze-thaw environments, obtaining rock mass destruction modes and destruction mechanisms, exploring main factors influencing stability of the rock mass destruction modes and the destruction mechanisms and effectively predicting and forecasting water inrush collapse of the deep tunnels and the tunnels and preventing and reducing disasters. Because field tests are usually affected by site landform, stratum lithology, climate conditions and the like, the influences of different influencing factors on deep roadways and tunnels cannot be simulated, real simulation and visual observation cannot be realized in the prior art through test simulation, the rock stress deformation of tunnel surrounding rocks in a freeze-thaw environment and the migration evolution rule and control factors of water system fluid in cracks cannot be comprehensively explored, and the obtained simulated test data is lack of scientificity and accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, namely to solve the problem that the visual detection of the deformation of the deep roadway under the freeze-thaw cycle action of underground water cannot be realized in a simulation test, the invention provides a visual system for simulating the deformation of the deep roadway under the freeze-thaw cycle action of underground water, which comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, a test chamber system, a temperature control system, a water system simulation system and a PET detection system, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection system is used for scanning and detecting the three-dimensional shape of the crack in the test piece.
The test chamber system comprises a box body, a loading device, a heat preservation device and a temperature control pressure bearing base plate device, wherein the loading device is arranged in the box body and used for applying confining pressure to a test piece to simulate ground stress; the heat preservation device is arranged in the loading device and used for protecting the temperature of the test piece; the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device is arranged in the heat preservation device and is used for arranging a corresponding temperature control pipeline.
The temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device, a temperature control action pipeline, a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device; two ends of the temperature control action pipeline are respectively communicated to the temperature control master control device through the bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline and the bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline; the temperature control master control device controls the simulation of a freeze-thaw cycle environment through the bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline, the temperature control action pipeline and the bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline.
The water system simulation system comprises a water system control device and a water system assembly, wherein the water system assembly is arranged between the water system control device and a test piece and used for conveying liquid to simulate a water system channel.
The PET detection system comprises a first detector device and a second detector device, wherein the first detector device and the second detector device are respectively arranged on two sides of the box body and are used for detecting migration dynamics of seepage in a test piece crack under the action of freeze-thaw cycle.
In some preferred examples, the water system assembly comprises a water system conveying pipeline and a connector, wherein the connector is arranged at the water injection hole of the test piece and is used for conveying liquid in the water system conveying pipeline and sealing the water injection hole; the test piece water injection holes can be arranged on the periphery of the tunnel model and used for simulating water system pipelines at different positions.
In some preferred examples, the water system assembly comprises a water system conveying pipeline, one end of the water system conveying pipeline is connected with the water system control device, and the other end of the water system conveying pipeline is arranged inside the temperature control pressure bearing backing plate device.
In some preferred examples, the temperature-controlled pressure-bearing backing plate device comprises a first backing plate, a second backing plate, a third backing plate and a fourth backing plate, wherein the first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate and the fourth backing plate are respectively arranged on the upper side, the left side, the lower side and the right side of the test piece, and form a rectangular frame structure.
The first base plate comprises a plate-shaped body, a flow guide hole and a flow guide groove, the flow guide hole is arranged in the plate-shaped body in an L shape, the outer end of the flow guide hole is used for arranging a joint of the water system conveying pipeline, and the inner end of the flow guide hole is communicated with the center of the flow guide groove; the flow guide groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the plate-shaped body and is used for guiding the nuclide solution injected into the flow guide hole; the guide grooves comprise circumferential guide grooves and radial guide grooves; the circumferential diversion grooves are arranged on the periphery of the diversion holes; the radial diversion groove is arranged between the circumferential diversion groove and the diversion hole and is used for communicating the circumferential diversion groove and the diversion hole.
In some preferred examples, the outer sides of the first base plate, the second base plate, the third base plate and the fourth base plate are all provided with temperature control grooves for accommodating temperature control pipelines; the temperature control groove comprises a guide groove in a reverse folding type, and the guide groove comprises a plurality of parallel sections parallel to each other and straight sections communicated with adjacent parallel sections.
In some preferred examples, the shape of the temperature control action pipeline is consistent with that of the temperature control groove, and the temperature control action pipelines arranged between the adjacent backing plates are connected through a hose.
In some preferred examples, the temperature control system further comprises a temperature sensor assembly, wherein the temperature sensor assembly is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for detecting the temperature of the peripheral side of the test piece; the temperature sensor assembly is in signal connection with the temperature control master control device.
In some preferred examples, the visualization system further comprises a rotary bearing system, wherein the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table and a connecting device, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and a groove is arranged on the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the connecting means may be looped along the groove under the drive of the turntable power means.
In some preferred examples, the connection means is a manifold tow chain for accommodating the bath inlet connection lines, the bath outlet connection lines and the water system components.
The rotary bearing system further comprises a drag chain guide groove, wherein the drag chain guide groove is arranged on one side of the rotary table and used for guiding the manifold drag chain.
In some preferred examples, the box body is of a square-clip-shaped frame structure, and the opening direction of the square-clip-shaped frame structure is consistent with the tunnel direction in the test piece.
The loading device is a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the four hydraulic oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the square-back frame structure.
The heat preservation device is of a box-type structure, and a through hole penetrating through the bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline, the bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline and the water system component is formed in the box-type structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects of.
1) The temperature control system and the water system simulation system provided by the invention can simulate the stress change process of tunnel surrounding rocks caused by water system deformation in rock masses under the freeze-thaw condition, and can perform visual detection on the rock mass crack development and expansion process under the circulating action of different freeze-thaw set parameters and the liquid dynamic seepage migration process in the rock masses through the real-time detection of the high-energy accelerator CT detection system and the PET detection system, so that reliable simulation test data can be obtained, valuable values can be provided for tunnel maintenance and the like in the freeze-thaw environment in practice, the operation difficulty is reduced, and the prediction safety is improved.
2) The method can be used for researching the deformation and seepage characteristics of the tunnel surrounding rock and the development and expansion process of cracks in the tunnel surrounding rock under the freeze-thaw cycle condition, more completely reducing the actual engineering background and providing more accurate test data for the research of the tunnel water inrush mechanism in the special environment.
3) The water system simulation system can comprehensively simulate the water system environment of the actual tunnel surrounding rock, can reduce the underground water system environment of the tunnel rock to the maximum extent through the water system arrangement at different positions, can be used for simulating the tunnel water inrush and truly reflecting the catastrophe process, can save a large amount of funds, manpower and material resources, and has the characteristics of low test cost, short period and convenient operation. Meanwhile, the method can truly and accurately reproduce the water-inrush and mud-inrush catastrophe evolution process of the tunnel surrounding rock in the freeze-thaw environment, and the test result is closer to the actual engineering than the numerical simulation, so that people can intuitively obtain the stress characteristic and the deformation rule of the rock mass, and a foundation is laid for researching the water-inrush and mud-inrush disaster causing mechanism.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective structure diagram of a visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of groundwater freeze-thaw cycle in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the test chamber system of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the backing plate assembly in the test chamber system of fig. 1 and the temperature control circuit in the temperature control system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a temperature control pipeline in the temperature control system of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the upper dunnage in the dunnage assembly of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of another example of the arrangement of water system components in the water system simulation system according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the rotary bearing system of fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the PET detection system of fig. 1.
Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the high-energy accelerator CT detection system of fig. 1.
Reference numerals indicate the same.
100. The test chamber system comprises a test chamber system, 110, a box body, 120, a loading device, 130, a heat preservation device, 140, a base plate assembly, 141, a first base plate, 142, a second base plate, 143, a third base plate, 144, a fourth base plate, 145, a temperature control groove, 146, a water injection hole, 147, a diversion groove, 150 and a test piece; 200. a PET detection system 210, a first detector arrangement 211, a first support arrangement 220, a second detector arrangement 221, a second support arrangement; 300. the high-energy accelerator CT detection system comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system 310, a CT ray source 311, a ray source platform 312, a ray source rack 320, a CT detector 321, a detector platform 322 and a detector rack; 400. a rotary bearing system 410, a rotary table 420 and a connecting device; 500. a temperature control system 510, a temperature control action pipeline; 600. a water system simulation system.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water, which comprises a test cabin system, a PET detection system, a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, a rotary bearing system, a temperature control system and a water system simulation system, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection system scans and detects the three-dimensional shape of a crack in a test piece in the whole freeze-thaw cycle process, obtains the original three-dimensional shape of the surrounding rock of a tunnel of the test piece and the three-dimensional shape of the deformation of the surrounding rock in the whole process, and obtains the stress deformation states of the surrounding rock corresponding to different freeze-thaw cycle parameters so as to obtain reliable test data and provide valuable data for construction under special conditions; the temperature control system comprises a temperature control system and a temperature control pipeline, the high-low temperature pump simulates a freeze-thaw cycle environment of a rock mass test piece through the arrangement of the temperature control pipeline, a water system is arranged at a set position on the peripheral side of the tunnel model through the water system simulation system, the simulated water system continuously freezes and freezes through continuous temperature change, and the detection system visually detects the extrusion of expansion and contraction of a water system channel on the tunnel in real time, namely the development and expansion process of a seam network of tunnel surrounding rocks under the action of stress; in addition, the freeze-thaw cycle of the whole water system in the test piece can be performed through the water system simulation system, namely, water is injected into the test piece, the extrusion force on the surrounding rock generated by the water system network in the test piece under the action of the freeze-thaw cycle is observed, and the expansion process in the cracks in the tunnel surrounding rock and the influence on the tunnel are obtained. The rotary bearing system is arranged below the test cabin system and used for bearing the test cabin system and driving the test cabin system to rotate, in the scanning detection process, the rotary bearing system can be matched with a high-energy accelerator CT detection system and a PET detection system to drive the test cabin system to rotate, the comprehensive and accurate three-dimensional visual detection of the rock mass crack expansion process under the freezing and thawing circulation action in the rock mass test piece is completed, the dynamic process of the development and expansion of the seam network in the tunnel surrounding rock under the freezing and thawing condition is further obtained, and the influence on the whole rock mass is further caused.
Furthermore, the test cabin system comprises a box body, a loading device, a heat preservation device and a temperature control pressure bearing base plate device, wherein the loading device is arranged in the box body and used for applying confining pressure to the test piece to simulate ground stress; the heat preservation device is arranged between the loading device and the rock mass test piece and used for protecting the temperature of the test piece, reducing the heat exchange between the test piece and the outside and improving the temperature control efficiency of the test piece; the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device is arranged inside the heat preservation device and used for arranging a temperature control pipeline and simultaneously used for bearing the load of the loading device on the rock mass test piece, and the stress uniformity of the rock mass test piece is further improved.
Furthermore, the temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device, a temperature control action pipeline, a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device; two ends of the temperature control action pipeline are respectively communicated to the temperature control master control device through a bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline and a bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline; the temperature control master control device controls the simulation of the freeze-thaw cycle environment through a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline, a temperature control action pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline.
Further, the water system simulation system comprises a water system control device and a water system assembly, wherein the water system assembly is arranged between the water system control device and the test piece and used for conveying liquid to simulate a water system channel. The water system assembly comprises a water system conveying pipeline and a connector, wherein the connector is arranged at the water injection hole of the test piece and used for conveying liquid in the water system conveying pipeline and sealing the water injection hole; the test piece water injection holes can be arranged on the periphery of the tunnel model and used for simulating water system pipelines at different positions. Or one end of the water system conveying pipeline is connected with the water system control device, and the other end of the water system conveying pipeline is arranged in the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and used for simulating that the whole test piece is in a water system state.
Furthermore, the water system simulation system can also simulate an underground water system below the tunnel so as to simulate the extrusion deformation state of the change state of the underground water system on the tunnel surrounding rocks under the action of freeze-thaw cycle.
Furthermore, the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table and a connecting device, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and grooves are formed in the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the connecting means may be looped along the groove under the drive of the turntable power means.
Further, the connecting device is a manifold drag chain.
Furthermore, nuclides are added into a water body medium in the simulated water system, injected into a simulated water system channel of the test sample through a nuclide pump, and kept at a certain pressure. The PET detector can detect the position where the nuclide reaches in the test sample, namely the position where the water body medium permeates, the simulated water system is continuously subjected to freeze thawing circulation through high-temperature and low-temperature continuous circulation, new microcracks are generated on the test sample due to the freeze expansion and contraction generated by each freeze thawing, so that the permeability of the water body medium is enhanced, and the position where the nuclide reaches is the position where the water body medium permeates; through the PET system, the penetration position of the simulated water system on the test sample can be accurately positioned, and the influence on the tunnel can be intuitively and quantitatively judged.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of groundwater freeze-thaw cycle in the present invention; the visualization system comprises a test chamber system 100, a PET detection system 200, a high-energy accelerator CT detection system 300, a rotary bearing system 400, a temperature control system 500 and a water system simulation system 600, wherein the PET detection system 200 and the CT detection system 300 are respectively arranged on different side surfaces of the test chamber system 100 and are respectively used for scanning and detecting the original seam net state in tunnel surrounding rocks, the change process of seam nets under the action of freeze-thaw cycles and the seepage dynamic migration of the water system in a test piece; the rotary carrying system 400 is disposed below the test chamber system 100 and is used for carrying the test chamber system 100. The temperature control system 500 comprises a temperature control master control device, a temperature control action pipeline, a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline, wherein the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device; two ends of the temperature control action pipeline are respectively communicated to the temperature control master control device through a bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline and a bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline; the temperature control master control device controls the simulation of the freeze-thaw cycle environment through a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline, a temperature control action pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline. The water system simulation system 600 includes a water system control device and a water system assembly disposed between the water system control device and the test piece for delivering a liquid to simulate a water system channel.
In this embodiment, the water system assembly and the injection hole are disposed above the tunnel model, and the water system channel is in an ideal sealed pipeline state, so as to form a water system pipeline on the upper side of the tunnel, the temperature is continuously changed by the temperature control system 500, so that the water system pipeline is continuously frozen and thawed, and the detection system is used for obtaining the extrusion deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock caused by the expansion and shrinkage deformation of the water system pipeline under the freezing and thawing condition, and the development and expansion process of the crack in the tunnel surrounding rock in the process, so as to obtain the influence on the tunnel under the set freezing and thawing parameters.
The temperature control system simulates different preset freeze-thaw parameters, the loading device in the experimental cabin system simulates stress field environment, the water system simulation system simulates different water system channels in the test piece, the corresponding detection system obtains the extrusion deformation of the water system pipeline under the freeze-thaw condition to the tunnel surrounding rock, the development and expansion process of the crack in the tunnel surrounding rock and the seepage dynamic migration process of the water system in the test piece, and meanwhile, the visual test system provided by the invention can obtain the influence of the rock mass deformation and crack expansion in the test piece on the tunnel caused by different set freeze-thaw parameters and water system set parameters, and provides reliable operation data for actual construction.
Furthermore, the PET detection system, the rotary bearing system and the CT detection system can be arranged on the same base, so that the setting precision of a simulation test is further improved, and the simulation detection effect is improved.
Further, referring to fig. 2, a cross-sectional view of the test chamber system of fig. 1 is illustrated; the test chamber system comprises a box body 110, a loading device 120, a heat preservation device 130 and a base plate assembly (namely a temperature control pressure bearing base plate device) 140, wherein the loading device is arranged in the box body and is used for applying confining pressure to a test piece to simulate ground stress; the heat preservation device is arranged in the loading device and used for protecting the temperature of the test piece; the base plate assembly is arranged in the heat preservation device and is used for arranging a corresponding temperature control pipeline; the test piece 150 is disposed inside the backing plate assembly, and has a tunnel model and a corresponding water system channel accommodating hole (i.e., a water injection hole 146, for the convenience of observation, a connector disposed at the water injection hole is reserved) opened therein for accommodating the injected liquid to simulate a water system on the side of the tunnel.
Furthermore, the box body is of a square frame structure, and the opening direction of the square frame structure is consistent with the tunnel direction in the test piece; the loading device is a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the four hydraulic oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the square-back frame structure.
Furthermore, in the invention, the box body is arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui' and the upper, lower, left and right side walls are loaded, so that the information attenuation after passing through the model box body in the detection system can be reduced, the imaging quality is improved, under the same ray energy, the adjacent side surfaces are loaded instead of all the peripheral side loads, more accurate three-dimensional inspection can be realized, and the size of a test model which can be made is larger and more accords with the field reality.
Preferably, the loading device on each side is arranged in the middle of the corresponding base plate, so that the uniform application of load is ensured.
Furthermore, the heat preservation device is of a box-type structure, and a through hole for penetrating the temperature control pipeline, the bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline, the bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline and the water system component and a through hole for penetrating the loading device are formed in the box-type structure.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, there is shown a schematic perspective view of the backing plate assembly of the test chamber system of fig. 1 and the temperature control circuit of the temperature control system; the backing plate assembly comprises a first backing plate 141, a second backing plate 142, a third backing plate 143 and a fourth backing plate 144, wherein the first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate and the fourth backing plate are respectively arranged on the upper side, the left side, the lower side and the right side of the test piece and form a rectangular frame structure; the outer sides of the first backing plate, the second backing plate, the third backing plate and the fourth backing plate are all provided with temperature control grooves 145 for accommodating part of temperature control pipelines (shown in the figure); the temperature control groove comprises a guide groove in a reverse folding type, and the guide groove comprises a plurality of parallel sections which are parallel to each other and straight sections which are communicated with adjacent parallel sections.
Further, the temperature control system also comprises a temperature sensor assembly, wherein the temperature sensor assembly is arranged between the base plate assembly and the test piece and is used for detecting the temperature of the peripheral side of the test piece; the temperature sensor assembly is in signal connection with the temperature control master control device.
Further, the water system assembly includes a water system conveying pipeline and a connector, the connector is disposed in the test piece water injection hole 146 and is used for conveying liquid in the water system conveying pipeline and sealing the water injection hole, it should be noted that the 146 water injection hole can be disposed at any position on the periphery side of the tunnel model and is used for simulating water system pipelines at different positions, and the water system assembly is not limited to the upper side of the tunnel disclosed in the embodiment.
Further, referring to fig. 4, a schematic perspective view of the temperature control circuit in the temperature control system of fig. 1 is shown; the temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device, a temperature control action pipeline 510, a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device; two ends of the temperature control action pipeline are respectively communicated to the temperature control master control device through a bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline and a bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline; the temperature control master control device controls the simulation of the freeze-thaw cycle environment through a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline, a temperature control action pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline.
The shape of the temperature control action pipeline 510 is consistent with that of the temperature control groove, a zigzag S-shaped shape is formed, the contact area between the temperature control action pipeline and a test piece is increased, and the temperature control effect is further improved. The temperature control action pipeline comprises a first connecting pipeline, a second connecting pipeline, a third connecting pipeline and a fourth connecting pipeline, and is respectively arranged in the temperature control grooves on the outer sides of the first base plate, the second base plate, the third base plate and the fourth base plate, and the height of the temperature control action pipeline is lower than the depth of the temperature control grooves, so that the pipeline is not damaged when the loading device carries out ground stress simulation loading; the adjacent temperature control action pipelines are connected through a hose, and the pipelines arranged in the four base plates are communicated; the input pipe orifice of the temperature control pipeline is arranged on the second base plate, and the output pipe orifice is arranged on the third base plate.
Furthermore, the bath liquid controlled and output by the temperature control master control device (freezing and thawing cycle control pump) enters from the bath liquid input pipeline, flows out from the bath liquid output pipeline after passing through the second connecting pipeline in the second base plate, the first connecting pipeline in the first base plate, the fourth connecting pipeline in the fourth base plate and the third connecting pipeline in the third base plate, returns to the temperature control pump, and then is refrigerated or heated, and the low-temperature or high-temperature bath liquid is sequentially circulated to reach the temperature of the four base plates so as to simulate the set temperature environment where the rock mass test piece is located.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the upper tie plate of the tie plate assembly of fig. 3 is shown; in this embodiment, the water system assembly includes a water system conveying pipeline, one end of the water system conveying pipeline is connected to the water system control device, and the other end of the water system conveying pipeline is disposed inside the temperature control pressure bearing pad device.
The first base plate comprises a plate-shaped body, a flow guide hole (water injection hole 146) and a flow guide groove 147, wherein the flow guide hole is arranged in the plate-shaped body in an L shape, the outer end of the flow guide hole is used for arranging a joint of a water system conveying pipeline, and the inner end of the flow guide hole is communicated with the center of the flow guide groove; the guide groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the plate-shaped body and is used for guiding the nuclide solution injected into the guide hole; the diversion trench comprises a circumferential diversion trench and a radial diversion trench; the circumferential diversion grooves are arranged on the periphery of the diversion holes; the radial diversion groove is arranged between the circumferential diversion groove and the diversion hole and is used for communicating the circumferential diversion groove and the diversion hole. In this embodiment, the circumferential guiding grooves are a plurality of concentric circular guiding grooves arranged at uniform intervals, and the radial guiding grooves are transverse guiding grooves arranged uniformly in a crossing manner, so as to realize uniform seepage of a water system on a test piece, so as to simulate the water system environment of the whole test piece.
Furthermore, a circle of permeable sealing ring can be arranged on the periphery of the diversion trench, so that the permeable water is prevented from flowing outwards from the first base plate and the rock mass test piece, and the water system simulation effect is ensured.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the arrangement of water system components in the water system simulation system of the present invention is shown; the water injection hole 146 for arranging the connector in the water system control system is arranged below the tunnel to simulate the underground water system at a specific position, the freeze-thaw cycle simulation is carried out through the temperature control system in the invention, the extrusion deformation of the underground water system to the surrounding rock under the freeze-thaw cycle action is detected in real time through the PET detection system and the high-energy accelerator CT detection system, the development and expansion process of cracks in the surrounding rock is obtained, and the influence state on the tunnel is detected in real time. The one-to-one mapping state is formed by the set parameters under different freeze-thaw cycles and the crack states correspondingly expanded, and the method has an important effect on researching the trend of the crack and predicting the influence on the tunnel in the future.
Referring to FIG. 7, a perspective view of the rotary bearing system of FIG. 1 is illustrated; the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table 410 and a connecting device 420, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and grooves are formed in the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the connecting means may be looped along said groove under the drive of the turntable power means. The connecting device is used for accommodating the bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline, the bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline and the water system assembly, and the connecting device is driven by the rotary table power device to surround along the groove along with the bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline, the bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline and the water system assembly which are connected to the rock mass test piece, so that winding and fracture of different pipelines in the rotary process of the rotary table are prevented; in this embodiment, the rotation of revolving stage is for the scanning of cooperation survey scanning system to the rock mass test piece is surveyed, therefore, the revolving stage realizes clockwise rotation a week or anticlockwise rotation a week under power device's drive, and connecting device encircles recess a week or withdraws from the recess promptly, realizes corresponding detection.
Furthermore, the connecting device is a manifold drag chain which is used for connecting the bath liquid inlet with the pipeline, connecting the bath liquid outlet with the pipeline and connecting the water system component.
Furthermore, the rotary bearing system further comprises a drag chain guide groove, and the drag chain guide groove is arranged on one side of the rotary table and used for guiding the manifold drag chain.
Preferably, the rotary table is driven by a motor, so that the automation of angle adjustment is realized, and the rotary table has the characteristics of wide angle adjustment range, high precision and large bearing capacity; the stepping motor is connected with the transmission piece through the imported high-quality elastic coupling, space and processing form and position errors are eliminated, the scale of the outer ring of the rotary table top is visual, a standard interface is provided, signal transmission is convenient, and manual hand wheel configuration and electric control and manual operation can be realized; a servo motor or a stepping motor can be selected to realize the rotation control of the model box body.
Referring to FIG. 8, a schematic perspective view of the PET detection system of FIG. 1 is shown; the PET detection system comprises a first detector device 210, a first supporting device 211, a second detector device 220 and a second supporting device 221, wherein the first detector device 210 and the second detector device 220 are respectively arranged on two sides of the box body, are used for detecting migration dynamics of seepage in a test piece crack under the action of freeze-thaw cycle, and are respectively arranged on the ground through the first supporting device 211 and the second supporting device 221; the PET detection system is used for detecting photon signals emitted by nuclides injected into the water system simulation system and is used for realizing three-dimensional dynamic migration of liquid in cracks of the rock mass test piece.
Further, the PET detection system further includes a first detector moving device and a second detector moving device; the first detector moving device comprises a first moving guide rail and a first moving part, and the first moving part can adjust the detection distance between the first detector device and the box body under the driving of the first driving device; the second detector moving device comprises a second moving guide rail and a second moving part, and the second moving part can adjust the detection distance between the second detector device and the box body under the driving of the second driving device, so that the distance detected on a specific part can be flexibly regulated and controlled, and the detection precision is further improved.
Referring to FIG. 9, a perspective view of the high energy accelerator CT detection system of FIG. 1 is illustrated; the device comprises a high-energy accelerator CT ray source 310, a CT ray source platform 311, a CT ray source rack 312, a high-energy accelerator CT detector 320, a CT detector platform 321 and a CT detector rack 322, wherein the CT ray source 310 is arranged on the CT ray source platform 311; the CT detector 320 is disposed on a CT detector platform 321; the height of the CT ray source platform 311 and the height of the CT detector platform 321 are set to correspond to the height of the model box body, so that the detection system can detect the crack development and expansion process caused by stress deformation of the rock mass of the whole test piece, and the three-dimensional shape visualization real-time monitoring is realized.
Furthermore, the high-energy accelerator CT detector also comprises a CT linear array detector and a CT area array detector which are arranged on the detector platform, and the two detectors can be switched according to different requirements, so that the optimal scanning quality is ensured; the linear array detector has higher imaging precision and is used for finely scanning a certain area of the test model to obtain the size information of the structural characteristics of the test model; the area array detector has a larger visual field, can carry out large-range imaging on the test sample, and obtains the distribution information of the cracks in the test sample in a three-dimensional space.
Furthermore, the high-energy accelerator CT detection system also comprises a CT detector vertical guide rail and a CT detector horizontal guide rail; the CT detector frame is connected to the detector base through the horizontal guide rail and the sliding block of the CT detector, so that the whole detector device moves away from or close to the box body, and the detection visual field is adjusted.
In this embodiment, the different heights of the radiation source and the detector relative to the tunnel model are adjusted by controlling the corresponding lifting motor, so that the targeted local detection can be performed.
Further, the lifting driving device may be a screw rod stepping motor, or any other device capable of controlling the lifting of the liquid tube, and this embodiment does not limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention adopts PET detection, and has good safety. The nuclide required by PET examination has certain radioactivity, but the nuclide used is very small in quantity, short in half-life (short in about 12 minutes and long in about 120 minutes), and short in retention time after being affected by both physical attenuation and biological metabolism, so that the nuclide is safe and reliable.
X-ray micro CT (X-CT), a Computed Tomography technique, is a non-invasive and non-destructive imaging technique that scans an object with X-rays without destroying the sample, and can obtain information about the three-dimensional structure and morphology inside the sample. The nondestructive testing device can clearly, accurately and visually display the internal structure, composition, morphology and the like of the detected object in the form of a two-dimensional tomographic image or a three-dimensional stereo image under the condition of no damage to the detected object, and is known as the best nondestructive testing and nondestructive evaluation technology at present.
Due to the characteristics of high resolution and nondestructive imaging, the X-ray micro CT can be widely applied to the fields of geology, materials science, advanced manufacturing, life science and the like. In the aspect of geology, three-dimensional space representation on microscopic scales such as a core internal pore structure, cracks, bedding and the like is realized, and statistical calculation of connectivity, porosity, pore throat size and various seepage characteristic parameters of a core internal pore throat is realized. In the field of materials science, three-dimensional space distribution such as pores, cracks, inclusions, layering and the like in the materials and quantitative analysis of various items thereof represent the distribution conditions of the structure and the density of the materials.
Furthermore, the visualization system is provided with a central processing unit, the high-energy accelerator CT detection system, the PET detection system and the water system simulation system are in signal connection with the central processing unit, and the central processing unit can control and adjust parameters such as flow velocity, pressure and the like of the injected liquid of the simulation water system and the temperature environment of the test piece based on the real-time detection of the migration condition of the fluid injected into the test piece by the water system simulation system, and record the crack development and expansion process of the test piece obtained according to the set parameters in real time to obtain corresponding simulation parameter values; meanwhile, the invention can also set the use condition of the position water system on the test piece and influence on the tunnel under the action of freeze-thaw cycle in the test piece, and obtain the whole process of tunnel surrounding rock seam network expansion under corresponding temperature parameters.
The method is based on a visual system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water, and comprises the following specific operation steps.
S100, fixing the manufactured test cabin system containing the rock mass test piece to a rotary bearing system; presetting a lateral loading value, a high temperature value, a low temperature value and a water system simulation injection pressure of a test piece; wherein, a simulated water system accommodating channel and a simulated tunnel are arranged in the test piece.
Step S200, a loading device applies a lateral loading value to a test piece to simulate the real ground stress borne by the test piece; and simultaneously starting the high-energy accelerator CT detection system and the PET detection system for real-time monitoring.
And step S300, starting the water system simulation system, and simulating the water system pipeline at the set position according to the preset injection pressure.
Step S400, starting a temperature control pump, continuously performing high-temperature and low-temperature circulation according to a preset high-temperature value, a preset low-temperature value and preset time, and performing freeze-thaw circulation simulation; wherein, the operation of lowering, raising and lowering can be executed after the circulation is performed according to the preset high temperature value.
And step S500, finishing the preset time and finishing the test.
In the whole test process, the high-energy accelerator CT detection system and the PET detection system perform real-time scanning detection to obtain three-dimensional images of the rock mass crack expansion process before the test and in the freeze thawing process.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention, especially if structural conflict does not exist and the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments may be combined in any way; it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water comprises a high-energy accelerator CT detection system, and is characterized by further comprising a test chamber system, a temperature control system, a water system simulation system and a PET detection system, wherein the high-energy accelerator CT detection system is used for scanning and detecting the three-dimensional shape of a crack in a test piece;
the test chamber system comprises a box body, a loading device, a heat preservation device and a temperature control pressure bearing base plate device, wherein the loading device is arranged in the box body and used for applying confining pressure to a test piece to simulate ground stress; the box body is of a square frame structure, and the opening direction of the square frame structure is consistent with the tunnel direction in the test piece; the heat preservation device is arranged in the loading device and used for protecting the temperature of the test piece; the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device is arranged in the heat preservation device and is used for arranging a corresponding temperature control pipeline; the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device comprises a first base plate, a second base plate, a third base plate and a fourth base plate, wherein the first base plate, the second base plate, the third base plate and the fourth base plate are respectively arranged on the upper side, the left side, the lower side and the right side of the test piece and form a square frame structure; the first base plate comprises a plate-shaped body, a flow guide hole and a flow guide groove, the flow guide hole is arranged in the plate-shaped body in an L shape, the outer end of the flow guide hole is used for arranging a joint of a water system conveying pipeline, and the inner end of the flow guide hole is communicated with the center of the flow guide groove; the flow guide groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the plate-shaped body and is used for guiding the nuclide solution injected into the flow guide hole; the guide grooves comprise circumferential guide grooves and radial guide grooves; the circumferential diversion grooves are arranged on the periphery of the diversion holes; the radial diversion groove is arranged between the circumferential diversion groove and the diversion hole and is used for communicating the circumferential diversion groove and the diversion hole; temperature control grooves for accommodating temperature control pipelines are formed in the outer sides of the first base plate, the second base plate, the third base plate and the fourth base plate; the temperature control groove comprises a reverse-folding guide groove, and the guide groove comprises a plurality of parallel sections which are parallel to each other and a straight section which is communicated with adjacent parallel sections;
the temperature control system comprises a temperature control master control device, a temperature control action pipeline, a bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline and a bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline, and the temperature control action pipeline is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device; two ends of the temperature control action pipeline are respectively communicated to the temperature control master control device through the bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline and the bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline; the temperature control master control device is connected with the pipeline through the bath liquid inlet, the temperature control action pipeline and the bath liquid outlet to control the simulated freeze-thaw cycle environment; the temperature control system also comprises a temperature sensor assembly, and the temperature sensor assembly is arranged on the temperature control pressure bearing base plate device and is used for detecting the temperature of the peripheral side of the test piece; the temperature sensor assembly is in signal connection with the temperature control master control device;
the water system simulation system comprises a water system control device and a water system assembly, wherein the water system assembly is arranged between the water system control device and a test piece and is used for conveying liquid to simulate a water system channel; the water system assembly comprises a water system conveying pipeline and a connector, wherein the connector is arranged at the water injection hole of the test piece and used for conveying liquid in the water system conveying pipeline and sealing the water injection hole;
the PET detection system comprises a first detector device and a second detector device, wherein the first detector device and the second detector device are respectively arranged on two sides of the box body and are used for detecting migration dynamics of seepage in a test piece crack under the action of freeze-thaw cycle.
2. The visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water according to claim 1, wherein the test piece water injection holes can be arranged on the periphery of the tunnel model and used for simulating water system pipelines at different positions.
3. The visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water according to claim 1, wherein the water system assembly comprises a water system conveying pipeline, one end of the water system conveying pipeline is connected with the water system control device, and the other end of the water system conveying pipeline is arranged inside the temperature-control pressure-bearing base plate device.
4. The visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the temperature control action pipeline is consistent with that of the temperature control groove, and the temperature control action pipelines arranged between the adjacent base plates are connected through hoses.
5. The visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a rotary bearing system, wherein the rotary bearing system comprises a rotary table and a connecting device, the rotary table is arranged below the box body, and grooves are arranged on the periphery of the rotary table; the front end of the connecting device is fixedly arranged on the rotary table, and the rear end of the connecting device is arranged along the groove; the connecting means may be looped along the groove under the drive of the turntable power means.
6. The visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycles of underground water as claimed in claim 5, wherein the connecting device is a manifold drag chain for accommodating the bath liquid inlet connecting pipeline, the bath liquid outlet connecting pipeline and the water system component;
the rotary bearing system further comprises a drag chain guide groove, wherein the drag chain guide groove is arranged on one side of the rotary table and used for guiding the manifold drag chain.
7. The visualization system for simulating deep roadway deformation under the action of freeze-thaw cycle of underground water according to claim 1, wherein the box body is of a frame structure shaped like a Chinese character 'hui', and the opening direction of the frame structure shaped like a Chinese character 'hui' is consistent with the tunnel direction in the test piece;
the loading devices are hydraulic oil cylinders, and the four hydraulic oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the rectangular frame structure;
the heat preservation device is of a box-type structure, and a through hole penetrating through the bath lotion inlet connecting pipeline, the bath lotion outlet connecting pipeline and the water system component is formed in the box-type structure.
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| CN202010624594.9A CN111766369B (en) | 2020-07-01 | 2020-07-01 | Visual system for simulating deep roadway deformation under underground water freeze-thaw cycle effect |
| JP2021032392A JP2022013640A (en) | 2020-07-01 | 2021-03-02 | Visualization system for simulating deformation of deep drift affected by groundwater freezing and thawing cycle |
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| CN112665964A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-04-16 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Test system for simulating deformation process of deep tunnel under seismic condition |
| CN113466286B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-04-14 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Freeze-thaw test equipment for simulating concrete ultralow-temperature-large-temperature-difference freeze-thaw process |
| CN115238365B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-12-16 | 西南交通大学 | Tunnel post-disaster damage early warning method and system based on dynamic deep learning |
| CN115876983B (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-06-23 | 北京科技大学 | Dynamic disturbance testing machine system and method for simulating slope instability of open stope in cold region |
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