CN110736761B - Visual test device and method for influence of temperature change on subway tunnel - Google Patents
Visual test device and method for influence of temperature change on subway tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a visual test device and a visual test method for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel, wherein the test device comprises a model box system, a water supplementing system and a temperature control system which are communicated with the model box system, a roadbed simulation system and a subway tunnel model which are arranged in the model box system, and a CT measurement system which is arranged outside the model box system; the test method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing transparent soil; 2) paving permeable stones at the bottom and the side wall of the transparent model box, laying transparent soil in layers, and arranging a subway tunnel model; 3) fixing and sealing the transparent model box; 4) respectively communicating the transparent model box with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank and the permeable stone and the water supply mechanism; 5) setting test conditions; 6) the test was started and data collected and collated. Compared with the prior art, the method adopts the transparent soil to simulate the natural soil body and combines the CT technology to detect, realizes qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the test result, and obtains the settlement rule of the subway tunnel under different temperature changes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of visual model tests, and relates to a visual test device and method for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy, the urbanization process of China is continuously promoted, the number of population in cities is greatly increased, and great pressure is brought to traffic. The subway construction in the urban underground space is an important way for solving traffic congestion, and through the research of numerous scholars at home and abroad, the underground space development technology is continuously improved, and the subway construction technology is gradually mature. However, in the current research, the finite element software is mostly adopted to perform numerical simulation and actual engineering monitoring, due to the complexity of the inside of the soil body, the finite element software is difficult to perform accurate simulation, the actual engineering monitoring is mostly used for data monitoring after subway construction, the safety construction and operation conditions of the subway cannot be accurately evaluated before construction, and the consumption of the actual engineering monitoring is high and long. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technical scheme which is economical and can accurately evaluate the safety construction and operation of the subway.
The indoor model test is widely used by a large number of researchers due to the advantages of low cost, short period, accurate test data and the like. The basic principle of the transparent soil is that transparent granular materials are mixed with pore liquid with the same refractive index, air is removed through a certain method to obtain transparent saturated soil, and the soil body has similar geotechnical engineering properties with natural soil body. The laser can be used for forming a speckle field in the transparent soil, and an industrial camera can be used for shooting high-precision pictures. The existing transparent soil technology is mainly used for simulating the slope sliding, piling construction process and rock-soil property tests, and the research on the influence of temperature change on the safe operation of the subway is not found. The photos shot by the transparent soil technology can qualitatively analyze the experimental results more accurately, but the quantitative analysis of the experimental results is difficult to be carried out due to data extraction errors and other reasons, and the defects can be well compensated by using CT (computed tomography) scanning, so that the qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis of the experimental results are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a visual test device and method for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a visual test device of temperature variation to subway tunnel influence, includes the moisturizing system and the temperature control system that mold box system, and mold box system inside are linked together, locates roadbed analog system and subway tunnel model in the mold box system to and locate the outside CT measurement system of mold box system.
Further, the mold box system comprises a transparent mold box;
the water charging system comprises a bottom end permeable stone and a side surface permeable stone which are respectively arranged on the bottom surface and the inner side wall of the transparent model box, and a water supply mechanism which is arranged outside the transparent model box and is respectively communicated with the bottom end permeable stone and the side surface permeable stone;
the water supplementing system is used for supplementing water, a natural soil body is a soil body with a certain water content in reality, the expansion and contraction of water in the soil body are greatly influenced by temperature change, and the water supplementing system is added for reducing test errors.
The temperature control system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank communicated with the interior of the transparent model box, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor which are respectively arranged in the transparent model box and electrically connected with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and a heat insulation layer sleeved outside the transparent model box;
the roadbed simulation system is a transparent soil body arranged in a transparent model box, and the subway tunnel model is positioned on or in the transparent soil body;
the CT measuring system comprises an X-ray emitter and an X-ray receiver which are oppositely arranged outside the model box system, and a computer which is respectively and electrically connected with the X-ray emitter and the X-ray receiver.
The device is a visual test device for simulating and obtaining the settlement rule of the subway tunnel under the set temperature change, wherein a transparent model box and a transparent soil body provide possibility for visual detection of the model, a refrigerating device, a circulating pump, a data acquisition instrument and a controller are arranged in a low-temperature thermostatic bath, air in the low-temperature thermostatic bath and air in the transparent model box are subjected to refrigerating circulation through the refrigerating device and the circulating pump, and are detected through a temperature sensor and fed back to the data acquisition instrument and the controller, so that the temperature and the temperature change in the transparent model box reach corresponding set values, meanwhile, the settlement condition of the model is detected through a CT (computed tomography) measurement system, and then, images acquired by an X-ray receiver are subjected to quantitative reconstruction analysis through a computer, so that the settlement rule of the subway tunnel under the temperature change is obtained.
The air pressure sensor is used for monitoring the air pressure in the transparent model box so as to balance the air pressure inside and outside the box body.
The heat insulation layer is mainly made of heat insulation cotton and used for isolating and maintaining the low-temperature state of the transparent model box.
The bottom permeable stone and the side permeable stone are made of permeable stones, holes are formed in the permeable stones, and channels for water to pass through are formed, so that water is uniformly dispersed in the transparent soil.
The transparent soil body is made of transparent soil, the transparent soil is artificially synthesized, has similar geotechnical engineering properties with natural soil bodies, and is commonly used for visual model tests for researching problems such as displacement fields, penetration fields and the like in the soil body.
Furthermore, the model box system also comprises an air inlet and an air outlet which are arranged at the top of the transparent model box and are respectively communicated with the temperature control system, a side water replenishing port which is arranged on the side wall of the transparent model box and is respectively communicated with the side permeable stone and the water supply mechanism, and a bottom water replenishing port which is arranged on the side wall of the transparent model box and is respectively communicated with the bottom permeable stone and the water supply mechanism.
The interior of the transparent model box is communicated with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank through an air inlet and an air outlet in a circulating manner, and the side permeable stone and the bottom permeable stone are respectively communicated with the water supply mechanism through a side water replenishing port and a bottom water replenishing port.
Furthermore, the transparent model box is a closed rectangular box enclosed by a plurality of transparent organic glass plates, the side walls of the closed rectangular box and the side walls and the bottom of the closed rectangular box are fixedly connected through super glue, and the top surface and the side walls are fixedly connected through bolts.
The top organic glass plate and the side organic glass plate are connected through the bolts, so that the arrangement and the replacement of each component in the transparent model box are facilitated.
Furthermore, the water supply mechanism comprises a side water replenishing tank and a bottom water replenishing tank which are respectively arranged outside the model box system, water guide pipes which are respectively arranged between the side water replenishing tank and the side water replenishing port and between the bottom water replenishing tank and the bottom water replenishing port, and water stopping clamps arranged on the water guide pipes.
The bottom water replenishing tank is communicated with the bottom permeable stone sequentially through the water guide pipe and the bottom water replenishing port, and the side water replenishing tank is communicated with the side permeable stone sequentially through the water guide pipe and the side water replenishing port.
Furthermore, the temperature control system also comprises a circulation outlet and a circulation inlet which are arranged on the low-temperature constant-temperature bath, silicone rubber pipes which are respectively arranged between the circulation outlet and the air inlet hole and between the circulation inlet and the air outlet hole, and a switch arranged on the silicone rubber pipes.
The low-temperature constant-temperature tank is communicated with the transparent model box in a circulating mode through a circulating outlet, a silicon rubber pipe, an air inlet hole, an air outlet hole, the silicon rubber pipe and a circulating inlet in sequence.
The refrigerating medium in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank is one of ethanol or water.
The refrigerating medium is preferably ethanol, specifically industrial alcohol, and if the temperature change range in the transparent mold box is 5-40 ℃, distilled water can be used for replacing the industrial alcohol.
Furthermore, a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged inside the transparent model box, and are respectively arranged above and in the transparent soil body and are respectively used for detecting the temperature of the air and the transparent soil body in the transparent model box.
A test method of the visual test device for the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel comprises the following steps:
1) preparing transparent soil;
2) filling a sample: opening an organic glass plate on the top surface of a transparent model box, smearing vaseline on the bottom surface and the side surface in the transparent model box, placing a bottom-end permeable stone at the bottom, placing a side-surface permeable stone on the side wall, laying transparent soil in layers to obtain a transparent soil body, and placing a subway tunnel model, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor at a designed position;
3) after the sample is filled, closing the organic glass plate on the top surface and fixing the organic glass plate by bolts to fix and seal the transparent model box, wrapping the heat insulation layer outside the transparent model box, reserving the air inlet hole, the air outlet hole, the side water replenishing port and the bottom water replenishing port, and then placing the side water replenishing tank and the bottom water replenishing tank at a set height;
4) connecting an instrument: respectively communicating a circulating outlet with an air inlet and a circulating inlet with an air outlet through corresponding silicon rubber pipes, circularly communicating the top of a transparent model box with a low-temperature constant-temperature tank, respectively communicating a bottom water replenishing tank with a bottom water replenishing port and a side water replenishing tank with a side water replenishing port through corresponding water guide pipes, respectively communicating a bottom permeable stone and a side permeable stone with a water supply mechanism, and then respectively electrically connecting a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank;
5) setting the test conditions: setting a test temperature range, a temperature change rate, a temperature and air pressure data acquisition frequency and a CT scanning frequency in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank;
6) starting the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, starting the switch, starting the CT measuring system and loosening the water stop clamp to enable the water supply mechanism to start working, starting the test, collecting data and arranging.
Further, in the step 1), the preparation method of the transparent soil comprises the following steps:
1-1) mixing materials: uniformly mixing 15# white mineral oil and n-dodecane in a volume ratio (2-3) to 1 to obtain a mixed solution, and uniformly mixing the mixed solution and amorphous silica powder in a mass ratio (4-6) to 1 to obtain a mixed material;
1-2) vacuum degassing: degassing the mixture for 3-4h in a vacuum environment with the vacuum degree of more than-0.09 MPa to obtain a vacuum degassed mixture;
1-3) pressurizing and solidifying: and standing the mixture subjected to vacuum degassing at normal pressure, and obtaining the transparent soil when the soil sample is transparent and has no bubbles and the strain in the vertical direction is less than or equal to 0.00025 mm.
If the proportion of each component in the transparent soil is too large or too small, the physical mechanical property and the refractive index of the transparent soil are affected, and the test requirements cannot be met.
Further, in the step 5), the temperature change rate in the low-temperature constant-temperature bath is between-1.5 ℃/h and-0.5 ℃/h, the data acquisition frequency is 0.5 to 1.5 times/s, and the CT scanning frequency is 2 to 4 times/h;
temperature change is a process, not kick-on, requiring a period of time for the test system to reach the set temperature. If the time is too short, part of the transparent soil and other parts can not reach the design temperature; too long a time increases the cost of the test and affects the working efficiency. The data acquisition frequency is high so as to research the influence of different temperature gradients, and the change rule can be easily found in test data acquisition. A period of time is required for image processing after CT scanning, so CT scanning can be performed before, during (forming a temperature gradient) and after (the whole system reaches a set temperature) temperature change.
The working principle is as follows: this device adopts transparent soil body simulation natural soil body, through the actual subway tunnel of subway tunnel model simulation, adjusts the temperature and the temperature variation in the transparent mold box through the low temperature thermostatic bath with transparent mold box circulation intercommunication, simultaneously, sets up X ray emitter and X ray receiver relatively through transparent mold box and detects subway tunnel model and transparent soil body change, and the computer combines the temperature variation to carry out quantitative analysis to transparent soil body change to obtain the settlement law in subway tunnel under the temperature variation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the invention simulates natural soil body by transparent soil with similar rock-soil properties, can more accurately simulate the actual engineering condition, and combines the CT technology to detect, thereby realizing qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the test result;
2) the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, low cost, easiness in implementation, strong repeatability and the like, can obtain the subway tunnel settlement rules of different depths in different temperature change ranges and different temperature gradients through contrastive analysis, has high reliability of test results, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a front cross-sectional structure of a visual testing device for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a right-side sectional view of a visual testing device for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a visual testing device for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a CT measurement system installation cabinet;
the notation in the figure is:
1-transparent model box, 2-air inlet hole, 3-air outlet hole, 4-side water replenishing hole, 5-bottom water replenishing hole, 6-low-temperature thermostatic bath, 7-temperature sensor, 8-air pressure sensor, 9-silicon rubber tube, 10-circulation outlet, 11-circulation inlet, 12-switch, 13-heat insulation layer, 14-side water replenishing tank, 15-aqueduct, 16-water stopping clamp, 17-bottom water permeable stone, 18-transparent soil body, 19-bolt, 20-subway tunnel model, 21-X ray emitter, 22-X ray receiver, 23-computer, 24-bottom water replenishing tank, 25-side water permeable stone, 26-closed shell, 27-alarm, 28-door, 29-emergency switch, 30-sliding door, 31-control panel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
the visual test device for the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4 comprises a model box system, a roadbed simulation system, a temperature control system, a water replenishing system, a subway tunnel model system and a CT measurement system.
The transparent model box 1 is a sealed rectangular box body with the length of 60-80cm, the width of 40-60cm and the height of 50-70cm and is composed of transparent organic glass plates with the thickness of 3-5cm, the oblique diagonal positions of the top organic glass plate are respectively provided with an air inlet hole 2 and an air outlet hole 3, the side organic glass plate is provided with a side water replenishing port 4 and a bottom water replenishing port 5, the side organic glass plates and the side organic glass plate and the bottom organic glass plate are fixedly connected through strong glue, and the top organic glass plate and the side organic glass plate are connected through bolts 19;
temperature control system is by low temperature constant temperature bath 6, temperature sensor 7, baroceptor 8, silicone rubber tube 9, circulation outlet 10, circulation entry 11, switch 12 and thermal-insulated cotton 13 are constituteed, low temperature constant temperature bath 6 adopts alcohol to refrigerate, be equipped with data acquisition instrument and controller in low temperature constant temperature bath 6, temperature sensor 7 is connected with the data acquisition instrument electricity, can acquire the temperature variation of required position, insulating layer 13 among the temperature control system wraps up transparent model case 1, isolated low temperature that keeps transparent model case 1, circulation outlet 10 is linked together through silicone rubber tube 9 and inlet port 2, circulation entry 11 is linked together through silicone rubber tube 9 and venthole 3.
The system comprises a transparent model box 1, a low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, a low-temperature constant-temperature tank and a control device, wherein the temperature sensors 7 are uniformly distributed in the transparent model box 1 at intervals of 5cm in the vertical direction, 5 in total are arranged, 1 is arranged above a transparent soil body 18, and the low-temperature constant-temperature tank is arranged at a position 10-15cm away from an organic glass plate on the top surface and is used for monitoring the air pressure in;
the water supplementing system comprises a side water supplementing tank 14, a bottom water supplementing tank 24, a water guide pipe 15, a water stopping clamp 16, a bottom pervious stone 17 and a side pervious stone 25 which are laid to be 2-4cm in thickness, and the mounting heights of the side water supplementing tank 14 and the bottom water supplementing tank 24 respectively obtain a water head according to the water pressure of the subway tunnel, so that the height of the side water supplementing tank and the bottom water supplementing tank is determined.
The CT measurement system mainly comprises an X-ray emitter 21, an X-ray receiver 22 and a computer 23, wherein the X-ray emitter 21 and the X-ray receiver 22 are both arranged in a corresponding CT measurement system installation cabinet shown in fig. 4, and the installation cabinet comprises a closed outer shell 26, an alarm 27, a control panel 31, an emergency switch 29, a vertical hinged door 28 and a sliding door 30.
The roadbed simulation system is a transparent soil body 18 made of transparent soil and used for soil texture simulation.
A visual test method for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel comprises the following steps:
1) sample preparation: mixing 15# white mineral oil and n-dodecane according to a volume ratio of 2.5:1, mixing the mixed solution with amorphous silica powder with a particle size of 2000 meshes (6.5 mu m) according to a mass ratio of 5:1 to prepare transparent soil, degassing the mixed solution in a vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa for 3-4h, placing the mixed solution in a normal air pressure environment until the soil sample is transparent and free of bubbles, and completing soil sample consolidation when vertical strain per hour is less than or equal to 0.00025mm to obtain the transparent soil
2) Filling a sample: coating vaseline on the inner side wall and the bottom surface of the transparent model box 1, putting a bottom end permeable stone 17 at the bottom, laying transparent soil in layers, and putting a side surface permeable stone 25, a subway tunnel model 20 and a temperature sensor 7 at a designed position;
3) after the sample is filled, placing an organic glass plate on the top surface of a transparent model box 1 on the transparent model box 1, fixing the organic glass plate by using bolts 19, wrapping the transparent model box 1 by adopting heat insulation cotton to form a heat insulation layer 13, completely sealing the heat insulation layer except an air inlet hole 2, an air outlet hole 3, a side water replenishing port 4 and a bottom water replenishing port 5, and placing a side water replenishing tank 14 and a bottom water replenishing tank 24 at the designed height;
4) connecting an instrument: an air inlet 2 and an air outlet 3 on a transparent model box 1 are respectively communicated with a circulating outlet 10 and a circulating inlet 11 of a low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6 through silicone rubber pipes 9, a side water replenishing port 4 and a bottom water replenishing port 5 are respectively communicated with a side water replenishing tank 14 and a bottom water replenishing tank 24 through corresponding water guide pipes 15, and a temperature sensor 7 and a pressure sensor 8 are electrically connected with a data acquisition instrument;
5) setting the test conditions: setting the temperature change in the low-temperature constant-temperature bath 6 to be-1 ℃/h, setting the data acquisition frequency of a data acquisition instrument to be 1 time/s, and setting the CT scanning frequency to be 3 times/h;
6) the test is started and data is collected and collated.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the visual testing apparatus for the influence of temperature change on the subway tunnel includes a model box system, a water replenishing system and a temperature control system communicated with the interior of the model box system, a roadbed simulation system and a subway tunnel model 20 arranged in the model box system, and a CT measuring system arranged outside the model box system.
Wherein, the mold box system includes transparent mold box 1, set up in transparent mold box 1 top and respectively with temperature control system be linked together inlet port 2 and venthole 3, set up in transparent mold box 1 lateral wall and respectively with side permeable stone 25 and the side moisturizing mouth 4 that the water supply mechanism is linked together, and set up in transparent mold box 1 lateral wall and respectively with bottom permeable stone 17 and the bottom moisturizing mouth 5 that the water supply mechanism is linked together, in addition, transparent mold box 1 is the airtight rectangle case that polylith transparent organic glass board encloses, between the lateral wall of this airtight rectangle case, and all glue fixed connection through the brute force between lateral wall and the bottom, then pass through bolt 19 fixed connection between top surface and the lateral wall.
The water supplementing system comprises a bottom permeable stone 17 and a side permeable stone 25 which are respectively arranged on the bottom surface and the inner side wall inside the transparent model box 1, and a water supply mechanism which is arranged outside the transparent model box 1 and is respectively communicated with the bottom permeable stone 17 and the side permeable stone 25, wherein the water supply mechanism comprises a side water supplementing box 14 and a bottom water supplementing box 24 which are respectively arranged outside the model box system, water guide pipes 15 which are respectively arranged between the side water supplementing box 14 and the side water supplementing port 4 and between the bottom water supplementing box 24 and the bottom water supplementing port 5, and a water stopping clamp 16 arranged on the water guide pipe 15, the bottom water supplementing box 24 sequentially passes through the water guide pipe 15, the bottom water supplementing port 5 is communicated with the bottom permeable stone 17, and the side water supplementing box 14 sequentially passes through the water guide pipe 15 and the side water supplementing port.
The temperature control system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6 communicated with the inside of a transparent model box 1, a temperature sensor 7 and an air pressure sensor 8 which are respectively arranged in the transparent model box 1 and electrically connected with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, a heat insulation layer 13 sleeved outside the transparent model box 1, a circulation outlet 10 and a circulation inlet 11 which are arranged on the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, silicone rubber pipes 9 which are respectively arranged between the circulation outlet 10 and an air inlet 2 and between the circulation inlet 11 and an air outlet 3, and a switch 12 arranged on the silicone rubber pipes 9, wherein the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6 sequentially passes through the circulation outlet 10, the silicone rubber pipes 9, the air inlet 2 and the air outlet 3, the silicone rubber pipes 9, the circulation inlet 11 and the transparent model box 1 to be circularly communicated, and a plurality of temperature sensors 7 are respectively arranged above. A refrigerating device, a circulating pump, a data acquisition instrument and a controller are arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, a refrigerant in the refrigerating device is ethanol, air in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6 and air in the transparent model box 1 are subjected to refrigerating circulation through the refrigerating device and the circulating pump, and the air is detected through the temperature sensor 7 and fed back to the data acquisition instrument and the controller, so that the temperature and the temperature change in the transparent model box 1 reach corresponding set values.
The roadbed simulation system is a transparent soil body 18 arranged in the transparent model box 1, and the subway tunnel model 20 is positioned on the transparent soil body 18 or in the transparent soil body 18.
The CT measuring system comprises an X-ray emitter 21 and an X-ray receiver 22 which are oppositely arranged outside the model box system, and a computer 23 which is electrically connected with the X-ray emitter 21 and the X-ray receiver 22 respectively, the CT measuring system is used for detecting the settlement of the model, and the computer 23 is used for carrying out quantitative reconstruction and analysis on the image collected by the X-ray receiver 22 so as to obtain the settlement rule of the subway tunnel under the condition of temperature change.
The test method of the visual test device based on the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel comprises the following steps:
1) preparing transparent soil: uniformly mixing 15# white mineral oil and n-dodecane in a volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixed solution, uniformly mixing the mixed solution and amorphous silica powder in a mass ratio of 6:1, degassing for 3 hours in a vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of more than-0.09 MPa, standing at normal pressure, and obtaining transparent soil when a soil sample is transparent and has no bubbles and the vertical strain is less than or equal to 0.00025 mm;
2) filling a sample: opening an organic glass plate on the top surface of the transparent model box 1, smearing vaseline on the bottom surface and the side surface in the transparent model box 1, placing a bottom-end permeable stone 17 at the bottom, placing a side-surface permeable stone 25 on the side wall, laying transparent soil in layers to obtain a transparent soil body 18, and placing a subway tunnel model 20, a temperature sensor 7 and an air pressure sensor 8 at the designed positions;
3) after the sample is filled, closing the organic glass plate on the top surface and fixing the organic glass plate through the bolt 19 to fix and seal the transparent model box 1, wrapping the heat insulation layer 13 outside the transparent model box 1, reserving the air inlet hole 2, the air outlet hole 3, the side water replenishing port 4 and the bottom water replenishing port 5, and then placing the side water replenishing tank 14 and the bottom water replenishing tank 24 at set heights;
4) connecting an instrument: respectively communicating a circulating outlet 10 with an air inlet 2 and a circulating inlet 11 with an air outlet 3 through corresponding silicon rubber pipes 9, so that the top of a transparent model box 1 is circularly communicated with a low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, respectively communicating a bottom water replenishing tank 24 with a bottom water replenishing port 5 and a side water replenishing tank 14 with a side water replenishing port 4 through corresponding water guide pipes 15, respectively communicating a bottom permeable stone 17 and a side permeable stone 25 with a water supply mechanism, and then respectively electrically connecting a temperature sensor 7 and an air pressure sensor 8 with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6;
5) setting the test conditions: setting a test temperature range in a low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, a temperature change rate of-1.5 ℃/h, a temperature and air pressure data acquisition frequency of 1.5 times/s and a CT scanning frequency of 4 times/h;
6) starting the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, starting the switch 12, starting the CT measuring system and loosening the water stop clamp 16 to enable the water supply mechanism to start working, starting the test, collecting data and sorting.
The working principle is as follows: the device in the embodiment adopts the transparent soil body 18 to simulate the natural soil body, simulates an actual subway tunnel through the subway tunnel model 20, adjusts the temperature and the temperature change in the transparent model box 1 through the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6 which is circularly communicated with the transparent model box 1, simultaneously, the transparent model box 1 is oppositely provided with the X-ray emitter 21 and the X-ray receiver 22 to detect the change of the subway tunnel model 20 and the transparent soil body 18, and the computer 23 carries out quantitative analysis on the change of the transparent soil body 18 by combining the temperature change so as to obtain the settlement rule of the subway tunnel under the temperature change.
Example 3:
the refrigerant in the embodiment is industrial alcohol;
the visual test method for the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing transparent soil: uniformly mixing 15# white mineral oil and n-dodecane in a volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a mixed solution, uniformly mixing the mixed solution and amorphous silica powder in a mass ratio of 4:1, degassing for 4 hours in a vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of more than-0.09 MPa, standing at normal pressure, and obtaining transparent soil when a soil sample is transparent and has no bubbles and the vertical strain is less than or equal to 0.00025 mm;
2) filling a sample: opening an organic glass plate on the top surface of the transparent model box 1, smearing vaseline on the bottom surface and the side surface in the transparent model box 1, placing a bottom-end permeable stone 17 at the bottom, placing a side-surface permeable stone 25 on the side wall, laying transparent soil in layers to obtain a transparent soil body 18, and placing a subway tunnel model 20, a temperature sensor 7 and an air pressure sensor 8 at the designed positions;
3) after the sample is filled, closing the organic glass plate on the top surface and fixing the organic glass plate through the bolt 19 to fix and seal the transparent model box 1, wrapping the heat insulation layer 13 outside the transparent model box 1, reserving the air inlet hole 2, the air outlet hole 3, the side water replenishing port 4 and the bottom water replenishing port 5, and then placing the side water replenishing tank 14 and the bottom water replenishing tank 24 at set heights;
4) connecting an instrument: respectively communicating a circulating outlet 10 with an air inlet 2 and a circulating inlet 11 with an air outlet 3 through corresponding silicon rubber pipes 9, so that the top of a transparent model box 1 is circularly communicated with a low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, respectively communicating a bottom water replenishing tank 24 with a bottom water replenishing port 5 and a side water replenishing tank 14 with a side water replenishing port 4 through corresponding water guide pipes 15, respectively communicating a bottom permeable stone 17 and a side permeable stone 25 with a water supply mechanism, and then respectively electrically connecting a temperature sensor 7 and an air pressure sensor 8 with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6;
5) setting the test conditions: setting the test temperature range in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, the temperature change rate of-0.5 ℃/h, the temperature and air pressure data acquisition frequency of 0.5 times/s and the CT scanning frequency of 2 times/h;
6) starting the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, starting the switch 12, starting the CT measuring system and loosening the water stop clamp 16 to enable the water supply mechanism to start working, starting the test, collecting data and sorting.
The rest is the same as example 2.
Example 4:
the refrigerant in this embodiment is distilled water;
the visual test method for the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing transparent soil: uniformly mixing 15# white mineral oil and n-dodecane in a volume ratio of 2.5:1 to obtain a mixed solution, uniformly mixing the mixed solution and amorphous silica powder in a mass ratio of 5:1, degassing for 3.5 hours in a vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of more than-0.09 MPa, standing at normal pressure, and obtaining transparent soil when a soil sample is transparent and free of bubbles and the strain in the vertical direction is less than or equal to 0.00025 mm;
2) filling a sample: opening an organic glass plate on the top surface of the transparent model box 1, smearing vaseline on the bottom surface and the side surface in the transparent model box 1, placing a bottom-end permeable stone 17 at the bottom, placing a side-surface permeable stone 25 on the side wall, laying transparent soil in layers to obtain a transparent soil body 18, and placing a subway tunnel model 20, a temperature sensor 7 and an air pressure sensor 8 at the designed positions;
3) after the sample is filled, closing the organic glass plate on the top surface and fixing the organic glass plate through the bolt 19 to fix and seal the transparent model box 1, wrapping the heat insulation layer 13 outside the transparent model box 1, reserving the air inlet hole 2, the air outlet hole 3, the side water replenishing port 4 and the bottom water replenishing port 5, and then placing the side water replenishing tank 14 and the bottom water replenishing tank 24 at set heights;
4) connecting an instrument: respectively communicating a circulating outlet 10 with an air inlet 2 and a circulating inlet 11 with an air outlet 3 through corresponding silicon rubber pipes 9, so that the top of a transparent model box 1 is circularly communicated with a low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, respectively communicating a bottom water replenishing tank 24 with a bottom water replenishing port 5 and a side water replenishing tank 14 with a side water replenishing port 4 through corresponding water guide pipes 15, respectively communicating a bottom permeable stone 17 and a side permeable stone 25 with a water supply mechanism, and then respectively electrically connecting a temperature sensor 7 and an air pressure sensor 8 with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6;
5) setting the test conditions: setting a test temperature range in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, a temperature change rate of-1 ℃/h, a temperature and air pressure data acquisition frequency of 1 time/s and a CT scanning frequency of 3 times/h;
6) starting the low-temperature constant-temperature tank 6, starting the switch 12, starting the CT measuring system and loosening the water stop clamp 16 to enable the water supply mechanism to start working, starting the test, collecting data and sorting.
The rest is the same as example 2.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A visual test device for the influence of temperature change on a subway tunnel is characterized by comprising a model box system, a water supplementing system and a temperature control system which are communicated with the interior of the model box system, a roadbed simulation system and a subway tunnel model (20) which are arranged in the model box system, and a CT measurement system which is arranged outside the model box system;
the mold box system comprises a transparent mold box (1);
the water supplementing system comprises a bottom end permeable stone (17) and a side surface permeable stone (25) which are respectively arranged on the bottom surface and the inner side wall in the transparent model box (1), and a water supplying mechanism which is arranged outside the transparent model box (1) and is respectively communicated with the bottom end permeable stone (17) and the side surface permeable stone (25);
the temperature control system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (6) communicated with the interior of the transparent model box (1), a temperature sensor (7) and an air pressure sensor (8) which are respectively arranged in the transparent model box (1) and electrically connected with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (6), and a heat insulation layer (13) sleeved outside the transparent model box (1);
the roadbed simulation system is a transparent soil body (18) arranged in the transparent model box (1), and the subway tunnel model (20) is positioned on the transparent soil body (18) or in the transparent soil body (18);
the CT measuring system comprises an X-ray emitter (21) and an X-ray receiver (22) which are oppositely arranged outside the model box system, and a computer (23) which is respectively and electrically connected with the X-ray emitter (21) and the X-ray receiver (22).
2. The device for visually testing the influence of temperature change on the subway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the mold box system further comprises an air inlet (2) and an air outlet (3) which are arranged at the top of the transparent mold box (1) and are respectively communicated with the temperature control system, a side water replenishing port (4) which is arranged on the side wall of the transparent mold box (1) and is respectively communicated with the side permeable stone (25) and the water supply mechanism, and a bottom water replenishing port (5) which is arranged on the side wall of the transparent mold box (1) and is respectively communicated with the bottom permeable stone (17) and the water supply mechanism.
3. The device for visually testing the influence of temperature change on the subway tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the transparent model box (1) is a closed rectangular box formed by a plurality of transparent organic glass plates, the side walls and the bottom of the closed rectangular box are fixedly connected through super glue, and the top surface and the side walls are fixedly connected through bolts (19).
4. The device for visually testing the influence of temperature change on the subway tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the water supply mechanism comprises a side water replenishing tank (14) and a bottom water replenishing tank (24) which are respectively arranged outside the model box system, a water guide pipe (15) which is respectively arranged between the side water replenishing tank (14) and the side water replenishing port (4) and between the bottom water replenishing tank (24) and the bottom water replenishing port (5), and a water stopping clamp (16) which is arranged on the water guide pipe (15).
5. The device for visually testing the influence of temperature change on the subway tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a circulation outlet (10) and a circulation inlet (11) which are arranged on the low-temperature thermostatic bath (6), silicone rubber tubes (9) which are respectively arranged between the circulation outlet (10) and the air inlet (2) and between the circulation inlet (11) and the air outlet (3), and a switch (12) which is arranged on the silicone rubber tubes (9).
6. The device for visually testing the influence of temperature change on the subway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors (7) are arranged inside the transparent model box (1), and the temperature sensors (7) are respectively arranged above the transparent soil body (18) and in the transparent soil body (18).
7. A test method based on the visual test device for the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing transparent soil;
2) filling a sample: coating vaseline on the bottom surface and the side surface in a transparent model box (1), placing a bottom end permeable stone (17) on the bottom, placing a side surface permeable stone (25) on the side wall, laying transparent soil in a layered mode to obtain a transparent soil body (18), and placing a subway tunnel model (20), a temperature sensor (7) and an air pressure sensor (8) at a designed position;
3) after the sample is filled, fixing and sealing the transparent model box (1), and wrapping the heat insulation layer (13) outside the transparent model box (1);
4) connecting an instrument: the top of the transparent model box (1) is communicated with a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (6), a bottom permeable stone (17) and a side permeable stone (25) are respectively communicated with a water supply mechanism, and then a temperature sensor (7) and an air pressure sensor (8) are respectively and electrically connected with the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (6);
5) setting the test conditions: setting a test temperature range, a temperature change rate, a temperature and air pressure data acquisition frequency and a CT scanning frequency in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (6);
6) and starting the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (6) and the CT measuring system, starting the water supply mechanism, starting the test, and collecting and arranging data.
8. The test method of the visualization test device based on the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1), the preparation method of the transparent soil comprises the following steps:
1-1) mixing materials: uniformly mixing 15# white mineral oil and n-dodecane in a volume ratio (2-3) to 1 to obtain a mixed solution, and uniformly mixing the mixed solution and amorphous silica powder in a mass ratio (4-6) to 1 to obtain a mixed material;
1-2) vacuum degassing: degassing the mixture for 3-4h in a vacuum environment with the vacuum degree of more than-0.09 MPa to obtain a vacuum degassed mixture;
1-3) pressurizing and solidifying: and standing the mixture subjected to vacuum degassing at normal pressure, and obtaining the transparent soil when the soil sample is transparent and has no bubbles and the strain in the vertical direction is less than or equal to 0.00025 mm.
9. The test method of the visualization test device based on the influence of the temperature change on the subway tunnel according to claim 7, wherein in the step 5), the temperature change rate in the cryostat (6) is-1.5 ℃/h to-0.5 ℃/h, the data acquisition frequency is 0.5-1.5 times/s, and the CT scanning frequency is 2-4 times/h.
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