CN109765259A - A kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule method and device - Google Patents
A kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates to determine frozen soil upper limit changing rule method and device, including the control of outer case, internal box, data acquisition module and system and data acquisition computer, the internal box is located inside outer case, the upper end of the outer case and internal box is respectively arranged with outer case lid and interior case lid, position between the left side outer wall of the internal box and the inner wall of outer case is equipped with heating module and refrigeration module, and the present invention relates to geotechnical testament field of measuring technique.Soil sample moisture migration when the monitoring sensor being embedded in soil sample can monitor seasonal frozen ground freeze thawing, salt accumulation situation, and soil moisture conduction, the primary condition of the salinity conduction differential equation and boundary condition can be determined according to sensor measurement and analytic solutions are solved according to the separation of variable, it finally combines moisture salinity discrimination standard to substitute into analytic solutions formula and obtains upper limit position changing rule, test process and test data monitoring are more accurate by computer system control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geotechnical testament field of measuring technique, a kind of specially changed based on soil water-stable aggregates determines frozen soil upper limit
Changing rule method and device.
Background technique
According to statistics, there are frozen soil for Global land area 70%, wherein 14% is permafrost, 56% is seasonal frozen ground；I
State is third frozen soil big country in the world, and wherein permafrost distribution area is 2.068 × 106km2, account for China's national territorial area
21.5%, frost zone distribution area is very wide, is 5.137 × 106km2, the 53.5% of China's national territorial area is accounted for, the two is total
Account for about 3/4 or so of national total area, frozen earth roadbed upper limit variation is mainly that temperature change causes soil multigelation and draws
It rises, and the freeze thawing of soil is an extremely complex process, it is most main with physics, chemistry and Mechanics Phenomenon and subprocess
It to include upper limit position variation, water translocation and salt accumulation etc..
Thus it can be appreciated that the main portions for influencing Permafrost Area road stability are Near The Upper Limit and upper part
Seasonally thaw layer.And seasonally thaw layer is more active, as the thawing that the change of weather and geological conditions is occurred changes directly
Jeopardize the safety of subgrade stability and road construction, and the position of the upper limit and its variation be by various natural conditions comprehensive functions, directly
The characteristic for reflecting seasonally thaw layer, it is thus determined that the position of Upper Limit of Permafrost and its variation are the one of Frozen Ground Area engineering investigation
A important content.
Summary of the invention
(1) the technical issues of solving
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates to determine that frozen soil upper limit changes rule
Method and device is restrained, the position and its changing rule for solving determining Upper Limit of Permafrost are that Frozen Ground Area engineering investigation is difficult
Problem.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs: one kind is true based on soil water-stable aggregates variation
Determine frozen soil upper limit changing rule method, is sampled by frozen soil sample preparation and after chamber carries out freezing-thawing test, formula 1. 5. upper
Boundary condition can respectively by the plug in sensor fixed ring of seasonal frozen ground sample upper space plug-in type soil moisture with
The function that the soil moisture content θ of salinity sensor measurement, soil salt content w data acquire determines that sensor probe is different in size,
Data calculate function again after being averaged, the downstream condition of formula 1. 5. can respectively by ever-frozen ground sample lowest surface,
I.e. sample slot moves the plug-in type soil water in the plug in sensor fixed ring at slide plate and ever-frozen ground sample contacts face
The function determination that the soil moisture content θ that point measures with salt sub-sensor, soil salt content w data acquire, formula 1. 5. initial
Condition is by the plug-in type soil water in multiple plug in sensor fixed rings from the bottom to top in seasonal frozen ground and ever-frozen ground sample
Point with the determination of salt sub-sensor measures soil moisture content θ, soil salt content w data acquire function；
Analytic solutions, which are solved, further according to the separation of variable after the primary condition and boundary condition determination of formula 1. 5. obtains formula 2. 6.,
It finally combines soil moisture, salinity judge index 2. 6. to be calculated by formula and judges that frozen soil upper limit change procedure is as follows:
(1) by soil freezing-thawing moisture diffusivity equation
In formula: θ is volumetric soil water content (cm3·cm-3), D is the diffusion coefficient (cm of water in soil3·s-1), t is the time
(s), z is the size component (cm) in soil body z-axis direction, and l is seasonal frozen ground specimen height (cm), l1For ever-frozen ground specimen height
(cm)；
When primary condition is t=0, θ (z, 0)=θ1(z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, θ (0, t)=θ2(t)；
Z=l+l1When, θ (l+l1, t) and=θ3(t)；
Analytic solutions are obtained by the separation of variable are as follows:
Wherein
t0For the testing experiment end time, n=1,2,3；θiIt is tested for plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor
The moisture content function that data determine；
The moisture content θ of any depth z any time t can be obtained, 2. according to formula with the boundary of ever-frozen ground and seasonal frozen ground
Moisture content difference is judgment basis up and down in face, can provide to adjust according to specific test requirements document by time t, t by computer, generation
Enter formula and 2. carry out assignment tentative calculation, until moisture content difference DELTA θ is mutated at certain two close z, Δ θ obviously increases sharply, i.e., really
It is set to Upper Limit of Permafrost position z1, z1It is worth average value for two close z, if there are multiple z1, it is subject to maximum value；
Constantly regulate time t can be in test period t1Simulation obtains situ time t1' interior Upper Limit of Permafrost change in location
Rule；
(2) by soil freezing-thawing salinity diffusivity equation
In formula: w is soil salt content (gcm-3), Dsh is the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (cm of salinity under concentration gradient2·
s-1)；
When primary condition is t=0, w (z, 0)=w1(z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, w (0, t)=w2(t)；
Z=l+l1When, w (l+l1, t) and=w3(t)；
Analytic solutions are obtained by the separation of variable are as follows:
Wherein
t0For the testing experiment end time, n=1,2,3；wiIt is tested for plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor
The saliferous rate function that data determine；
The saliferous rate w of any depth z any time t can be obtained, 6. according to formula with the boundary of ever-frozen ground and seasonal frozen ground
Saliferous rate difference is judgment basis up and down in face, by computer by time t, substitutes into formula and 6. carries out assignment tentative calculation, until certain
Saliferous rate difference DELTA w mutates at two close two z, and Δ w obviously increases sharply, that is, is determined as Upper Limit of Permafrost position z2, z2
It is worth average value for two close z, if multiple z occurs in tentative calculation2, it is subject to maximum value；
Constantly regulate time t can simulate to obtain situ time t in test period t11' interior Upper Limit of Permafrost position becomes
Law；
(3) to sum up, the Upper Limit of Permafrost position acquired according to different formulas analytic solutions is
According to the theory of similarity, tests observed sample model freeze thawing variable quantity and live prototype frozen soil upper limit freeze thawing becomes
The ratio between change amount is also 1:a, therefore live prototype frozen soil upper limit position is az, can be in the hope of live frozen soil upper limit position according to this formula
Changing rule.
A kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates determines that frozen soil upper limit changing rule device, including outer case, internal box, data are adopted
Collection module and system control and data acquisition computer, the internal box are located inside outer case, the outer case and internal box
Upper end be respectively arranged with outer case lid and interior case lid, position between the left side outer wall of the internal box and the inner wall of outer case peace
Equipped with heating module and refrigeration module, the heating module and refrigeration module are connected to internal box respectively, the right side of the internal box
Position between side outer wall and the inner wall of outer case is provided with water replanishing device, is equipped with daylight above the internal box inner left wall
Lamp is simulated, internal box inner wall bottom is fixedly connected with test button platform pedestal, the test button platform chassis interior installation
There is rotary electric machine, the rotary electric machine output shaft is equipped with metal rotating shaft, is fixedly connected with tubular magnetic at the top of the metal rotating shaft
Iron turntable, the tubular magnet turntable top are provided with sample slot, and the top of the sample slot is equipped with infrared distance measurement biography
Sensor, the interior case lid lower section are equipped with compaction apparatus, and the sample slot is provided with several, and the sample slot includes sample slot
Outer wall, sample slot inner wall and sample slot bottom seat, the sample slot base bottom are equipped with lifting cylinder, the lifting cylinder outside
It is provided with lifting cylinder air guide pore and lifting cylinder switch, is fixedly connected with removable slide plate, institute at the top of the lifting cylinder
It states sample slot inner wall and is fixedly connected with insulating layer, the removable slide plate two sides are in contact with the insulating layer inner wall of sample slot, institute
It states and is placed with ever-frozen ground sample on removable slide plate, the bottom of the ever-frozen ground sample and the position of surrounding are placed with
Semiconductor chilling plate, the ever-frozen ground sample top are placed with seasonal frozen ground sample, and the ever-frozen ground sample and season freeze
Soil sample is internally provided with plug in sensor fixed ring, the plug in sensor fixed ring be provided with it is multiple, and by down toward
On be uniformly arranged, the plug in sensor fixed ring includes fixed ring inner wall and fixed ring outer wall, the fixed ring inner wall table
Face is provided with sensor fixed card slot, and the sensor fixed card slot is uniformly arranged, installation inside the sensor fixed card slot
There are plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor, is provided with soil moisture on the inside of the plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor
With salinity sensor sensing probe, the soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe are located in plug in sensor fixed ring
Side, and soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe are set as different length.
Preferably, the t can provide to adjust according to specific test requirements document, the t1Far smaller than t1'。
Preferably, the compaction apparatus includes driving cylinder, and the driving cylinder head passes through pressurizing device fixing bolt
It is fixedly connected with interior case lid, the telescopic rod bottom of the driving cylinder is equipped with support frame, passes through support in the middle part of support frame as described above
Frame connection bolt is connect with telescopic rod bottom, and support frame as described above bottom is fixedly connected with pressure head, the quantity of the pressure head and position
Corresponded with the quantity of sample slot and position.
Preferably, pull ring, the outer case, internal box, outer case lid and interior case are respectively equipped in the outer case lid on case lid
Lid is made using Heat-insulation metal material, and inner wall smears adiabator layer, the day optical analog lamp control terminal and system control
System and data acquisition computer connection, the position between the sample slot inner wall and insulating layer is provided with thermal insulation layer.
Preferably, the plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor and infrared distance sensor are passed by test data
Transporting line is connect with data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module output end and system control and data acquisition computer input
End connection, the heating module and refrigeration module pass through test data transfer wire and system control and data acquisition computer
Connection.
Preferably, the water replanishing device includes Markov bottle, distilled water transmitting catheter, water replanishing device spray head, distilled water transmission
Pipe joint, detachable steaming distilled water transmitting catheter and tubular turntable ponding returnable bottle, the Markov bottle are located at the right side of internal box
Position between side outer wall and the inner wall of outer case, the Markov bottle are connect by distilled water transmitting catheter, distilled water transmitting catheter
Head and detachable steaming distilled water transmitting catheter are connect with water replanishing device spray head, and the water replanishing device spray head is located at internal box inside cylindrical
The top of magnet turntable, the control terminal and system of the water replanishing device spray head control and data acquisition computer is electrically connected.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates to determine frozen soil upper limit changing rule method and device.Have with
It is lower the utility model has the advantages that
(1), the present invention in test simulation, can not only monitor seasonal frozen ground in frozen-thaw process moisture variation, salt
Divide migration and variation situation, the initial strip of soil moisture conduction, the salinity conduction differential equation can also be determined according to sensor measurement
Part and boundary condition, and analytic solutions are solved according to the separation of variable, according to using soil moisture content, soil salt content as index
Discrimination standard, calculate frozen soil upper limit changing rule, test process and test data monitoring are by computer system control, test knot
Fruit is more accurate.
(2), it should be changed based on soil water-stable aggregates and determine frozen soil upper limit changing rule method and device, field sampling is not only applicable in
In undisturbed soil, moreover it is possible to which, in order to study the multifactor influence to frozen soil upper limit, the indoor soil property type according to quasi- research is voluntarily deployed
Prepare sample.
(3), it should be changed based on soil water-stable aggregates and determine frozen soil upper limit changing rule method and device, chamber can be relatively accurate
The actual temperature in frozen soil scene, precipitation, illumination variation situation are simulated, variation process, can be in maximum by computer system control
Environmental variations are simulated in degree.Tubular magnet turntable drives the rotation of sample slot, makes temperature, precipitation, the sunshine etc. of simulation
Environmental change is more uniform.
(4), it should be changed based on soil water-stable aggregates and determine frozen soil upper limit changing rule method and device, sample slot can pass through tune
Bottom plate heights are saved to reach the height of test requirements document, had both avoided because sample slot is too high, and had caused soil body sample test coupon slot
Upper surface distance is too big, and soil temperature precipitation lighting simulation error occurs, can also avoid the occurrence of due to specimen size demand
The case where preparing multiple and different gauge coupons slots.
(5), the frozen soil upper limit changing rule test method, using similarity criterion by large-scale frozen soil experiment prototype modelization and
Summary, model test result can be used for counter pushing away prototype.According to the proportionate relationship of foundation, moulded dimension and test period are adjusted,
Test process is greatly accelerated, the prolonged environmental change in the scene of capable of simulating in a short time substantially reduces monitoring time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the whole structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of sample slot of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is plug in sensor fixed ring schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram that tubular magnet turntable of the present invention and sample slot are placed；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the detachable pressurizing device of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of sample slot size of the present invention.
In figure: 1 outer case, 2 internal box, 3 outer case lids, case lid, 5 test button platform pedestals, 6 metal rotating shafts, 7 tubulars in 4
Magnet turntable, 8 sample slot outer walls, 9 sample slot inner walls, 10 sample slot bottom seats, 11 insulating layers, 12 thermal insulation layers, 13 lifting cylinders,
14 lifting cylinder air guide pores, 15 lifting cylinders switch, 16 removable slide plates, 17 ever-frozen ground samples, 18 seasonal frozen ground samples,
19 semiconductor chilling plates, 20 plug-in type soil moistures and salt sub-sensor, 21 plug in sensor fixed rings, in 22 fixed rings
Wall, 23 sensor fixed card slots, 24 soil moistures and salinity sensor sensing probe, 25 infrared distance sensors, 26 refrigeration moulds
Group, 27 heating modules, 28 water replanishing device spray heads, 29 distilled water transmitting catheters, 30 Markov bottles, optical analog lamp on the 31st, 32 test numbers
It is driven according to transfer wire, 33 data acquisition modules, the control of 34 systems and data acquisition computer, 35 pressurizing device fixing bolts, 36
It takes offence cylinder, 37 telescopic rods, 38 support frames connection bolt, 39 support frames, 40 pressure heads, 41 distilled water transmitting catheter connectors, 42 removable
Unload distilled water transmitting catheter, 43 tubular turntable ponding returnable bottles.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates determines that frozen soil upper limit becomes
Law device, including outer case 1, internal box 2, data acquisition module 33 and system control and data acquisition computer 34, it is interior
Cabinet 2 is located inside outer case 1, and the upper end of outer case 1 and internal box 2 is respectively arranged with outer case lid 3 and interior case lid 4, internal box 2
Left side outer wall and outer case 1 inner wall between position heating module 27 and refrigeration module 26,27 He of heating module are installed
Refrigeration module 26 is connected to internal box 2 respectively, and the position between the outer right wall of internal box 2 and the inner wall of outer case 1 is provided with
Water replanishing device, 2 inner left wall of internal box top are equipped with a day optical analog lamp 31, and 2 inner wall bottom of internal box is fixedly connected with metal
Sample table pedestal 5 is equipped with rotary electric machine inside test button platform pedestal 5, and rotary electric machine output shaft is equipped with metal rotating shaft 6,
It is fixedly connected with tubular magnet turntable 7 at the top of metal rotating shaft 6, sample slot, sample slot are provided at the top of tubular magnet turntable 7
Top infrared distance sensor 25 is installed, compaction apparatus is installed below interior case lid 4, sample slot is provided with several, examination
Sample slot includes sample slot outer wall 8, sample slot inner wall 9 and sample slot bottom seat 10, and 10 bottom of sample slot bottom seat is equipped with lifting cylinder
13, it is provided with lifting cylinder air guide pore 14 and lifting cylinder switch 15 on the outside of lifting cylinder 13, it is fixed at the top of lifting cylinder 13
It is connected with removable slide plate 16, sample slot inner wall 9 is fixedly connected with insulating layer 11, moves the guarantor of slide plate 16 two sides and sample slot
Warm 11 inner wall of layer is in contact, and is placed with ever-frozen ground sample 17 on removable slide plate 16, the bottom of ever-frozen ground sample 17 and
The position of surrounding is placed with semiconductor chilling plate 19, and seasonal frozen ground sample 18 is placed at the top of ever-frozen ground sample 17, for many years
Frozen soil sample 17 and seasonal frozen ground sample 18 are internally provided with plug in sensor fixed ring 21, plug in sensor fixed ring 21
It is provided with multiple, and is uniformly arranged from the bottom to top, plug in sensor fixed ring 21 includes outside fixed ring inner wall 22 and fixed ring
Wall, 22 surface of fixed ring inner wall are provided with sensor fixed card slot 23, and sensor fixed card slot 23 is uniformly arranged, and sensor is fixed
Plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor 20,20 inside of plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor are installed inside card slot 23
It is provided with soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe 24, soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe 24 are located at plug-in type
21 inside of sensor fixed ring, and soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe 24 are set as different length.
Compaction apparatus includes driving cylinder 36, is driven at the top of cylinder 36 through pressurizing device fixing bolt 35 and interior case lid 4
It is fixedly connected, 37 bottom of telescopic rod of driving cylinder 36 is equipped with support frame 39, connects spiral shell by support frame in the middle part of support frame 39
Bolt 38 is connect with 37 bottom of telescopic rod, and 39 bottom of support frame is fixedly connected with pressure head 40, the quantity of pressure head 40 and position with examination
The quantity of sample slot and position correspond.
Be respectively equipped with pull ring in outer case lid 3 on case lid 4, outer case 1, internal box 2, outer case lid 3 and interior case lid 4 use every
Hot metallic material is made, and inner wall smears adiabator layer, day 31 control terminal and system controls and data acquire of optical analog lamp
Computer 34 connects, and the position between sample slot inner wall 9 and insulating layer 11 is provided with thermal insulation layer 12.
Plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor 20 and infrared distance sensor 25 pass through test data transfer wire
32 connect with data acquisition module 33, and 33 output end of data acquisition module is controlled with system and 34 input terminal of data acquisition computer
Connection, heating module 27 and refrigeration module 26 pass through test data transfer wire 32 and system control and data acquisition computer
34 connections.
Water replanishing device includes that Markov bottle 30, distilled water transmitting catheter 29, water replanishing device spray head 28, distilled water transmitting catheter connect
First 41, detachable steaming distilled water transmitting catheter 42 and tubular turntable ponding returnable bottle 43, Markov bottle 30 is located at the right side of internal box 2
Position between outer wall and the inner wall of outer case 1, Markov bottle 30 pass through distilled water transmitting catheter 29, distilled water transmitting catheter connector
41 and detachable steaming distilled water transmitting catheter 42 connect with water replanishing device spray head 28, water replanishing device spray head 28 is located inside internal box 2
The top of tubular magnet turntable 7, the control terminal and system of water replanishing device spray head 28 control and data acquisition computer 34 is electrical
Connection.
It is season above ever-frozen ground sample 17 in use, placing ever-frozen ground sample 17 above removable slide plate 16
Frozen soil sample 18, the bottom of ever-frozen ground sample 17 and inside circumference place semiconductor chilling plate 19 for ever-frozen ground sample preparation and
The cryogenic conditions of soil sample are kept, multiple plug-in types is arranged in seasonal frozen ground sample 18 and ever-frozen ground sample 17 from the bottom to top and passes
Sensor fixed ring 21, each plug in sensor fixed ring 21 have multiple sensor fixed card slots 23, plug-in type soil moisture with
Salt sub-sensor 20 is fixed in sensor fixed card slot 23, the signal that soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe 24 measure
External data acquisition module 33 and system control and data acquisition computer 34 are transmitted to by test data transfer wire 32
In, refrigeration module 26 and the heating of heating module 27 and rate of temperature fall are by computer PID control software control, PID temperature control software peace
, can be with simultaneous display Current Temperatures in system control and data acquisition computer 34, and temperature curve is drawn automatically, software
Can also automatic set temperature variation, such as sine, cosine, linear, temperature control system is suitable for -40 DEG C -+80 DEG C, digital to show
Temperature and realistic temperature are set, it is main to control refrigeration module 26 and the work of heating module 27；
Humidity control system built in system control and data acquisition computer 34, water replanishing device is using distillation water spray side
Formula needs that water replanishing device can be mounted and dismounted according to test, by the Markov bottle 30 and water replanishing device spray head 28 of stored distilled water
It is connected by distilled water transmitting catheter 29, distilled water transmitting catheter connector 41 and detachable steaming distilled water transmitting catheter 42, distilled water
Spraying rates and time are controlled by computer control software, and the effect of water replanishing device is soil sample and Markov bottle 30 in experimental enviroment
In distilled water keep hydraulic connection pacified inside internal box 2 with simulating ambient moisture nourishment condition of the soil body in frozen-thaw process
Day 31 solar irradiation situation of the main analog soil body in frozen-thaw process of optical analog lamp of dress, makes experimental enviroment be more nearly nature
Environment, intensity of illumination and time are controlled by computer control software；
Plug-in type soil moisture is fixed on formation measurement network in sensor fixed card slot 23 with salt sub-sensor 20 and is embedded in
Soil sample, plug in sensor fixed ring 21 are evenly spaced in from the bottom to top in seasonal frozen ground sample 18 and ever-frozen ground sample 17,
Plug-in type soil moisture can not only measure the initial of determining moisture diffusivity equation and salinity diffusivity equation with salt sub-sensor 20
Condition, the plug-in type soil moisture of seasonal frozen ground upper space and salt sub-sensor 20 can measure determining moisture diffusivity equation with
The upper boundary conditions of salinity diffusivity equation, plug-in type soil moisture and the salt sub-sensor 20 of ever-frozen ground lowest surface can be surveyed
Measure the downstream condition for determining moisture diffusivity equation and salinity diffusivity equation；
Pressurizing device can be mounted on interior case lid 4 by pressurizing device fixing bolt 35, can be opened and be pacified with interior case lid 4
Dress and disassembly, sample disassemble after completing；Pressure head 40 can in vertical pressing in sample slot, the compaction velocity of pressure head 40 and
Process can be controlled as the control system built in system control and data acquisition computer 34, system control and data acquisition
Computer 34 can control experiment process, and system control and data acquisition computer 34 include controlling test interface, soil moisture
Data acquisition interface, soil salt data acquisition interface；
It needs in test to need following theoretical progress simulation test time acceleration using model configuration and method:
Since live frozen soil experiment takes a long time, the present invention is to reduce time cost, reaches simulation length within a short period of time
The effect of time environmental change is based on the principle of similitude, establishes frozen soil model size and test period proportionate relationship reaches acceleration examination
Test the purpose of time.The present invention relies on the three-dimensional Water Transport differential equation, the salinity transmission differential equation to carry out frozen soil model test
Similarity criterion derivation process is as follows:
(1) Water Transport differential governing equation:
0≤x≤d, 0≤y≤d, 0≤z≤l+l1, t >=0
In formula: θ is volumetric soil water content (cm3·cm-3)；D is the diffusion coefficient (cm of water in soil3·s-1)；T is the time
(s)；X, y, z are respectively the size component (cm) in soil body x-axis y-axis z-axis direction, and l is seasonal frozen ground specimen height (cm), l1It is more
Year frozen soil specimen height (cm), d are sample slot internal diameter (cm).
When primary condition is t=0, θ (x, y, z, 0)=θ4(x,y,z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, θ (x, y, 0, t)=θ5(x,y,t)；Z=l+l1When, θ (x, y, l+l1, t) and=θ6(x,
y,t)
X=0, θ (0, y, z, t)=θ7(y,z,t)；X=d, θ (d, y, z, t)=θ8(y,z,t)；
Y=0, θ (x, 0, z, t)=θ9(x,z,t)；Y=d, θ (x, d, z, t)=θ10(x,z,t)；
It can be obtained according to the theory of similarity with abbreviation:
C in formulaD、Ct、ClThe affinity constant of the diffusion coefficient of water, time, geometry respectively in the soil of the soil body；θiFor insertion
The moisture content function that formula soil moisture and 20 test data of salt sub-sensor determine.
(2) salinity transmits differential governing equation:
0≤x≤d, 0≤y≤d, 0≤z≤l+l1, t >=0
In formula: w is soil salt content (gcm-3)；Dsh is the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (cm of salinity under concentration gradient2·
s-1)。
When primary condition is t=0, w (x, y, z, 0)=w4(x,y,z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, w (x, y, 0, t)=w5(x, y, t), z=l+l1When, w (x, y, l+l1, t) and=w6(x,
y,t)；
X=0, w (0, y, z, t)=w7(y,z,t)；X=d, w (d, y, z, t)=w8(y,z,t)；
Y=0, w (x, 0, z, t)=w9(x,z,t)；Y=d, w (x, d, z, t)=w10(x,z,t)；
It can be obtained according to the theory of similarity with abbreviation:
C in formulaDsh、Cθ、Ct、ClThe hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient of salinity respectively under the concentration gradient of the soil body, volumetric(al) moisture content,
Time, geometry affinity constant；wiThe saliferous rate function determined for plug-in type soil moisture and 20 test data of salt sub-sensor.
Formula primary condition 9. 10. and boundary condition are by being placed in inserting for sample upper surface, lower surface and whole height
Enter formula soil moisture to obtain with solution function after 20 measurement data of salt sub-sensor.
To sum up, it when using undisturbed soil for production model, can obtain:
CD=CDsh=1
It enables: Cθ=Cw=1 (i.e. test humidity, salt concentration be all made of with the same sample value of natural endowment, 1) affinity constant is
When undisturbed soil is as sample model material, the similar proportion of test moisture, salinity and live prototype is Cθ=Cw=
When 1, CD=CDsh=1, the proportionality coefficient that can obtain the time is square of model geometric dimension scale coefficient, therefore hypothesis test model
It is C with live prototype geometric proportionlWhen=1:a (a is constant), then test period and live ratio are Ct=1:a2, and test institute
The ratio between sample model freeze thawing variable quantity and live prototype frozen soil upper limit freeze thawing variable quantity for observing also are 1:a.
It is a kind of that based on the determining frozen soil upper limit changing rule method testing of soil water-stable aggregates variation, steps are as follows:
(1) it tests sample preparation: specimen size calculating being carried out according to the above-mentioned theory of similarity: when determining test by specific test requirements document
Between t1And situ time t to be simulated1'(t1Far smaller than t1') model time ratio is acquired as Ct=t1:t1'=1:a2(a is normal
Number)；So can obtain model geometric ratio is Cl=1:a is high further according to scene seasonal frozen ground height L to be simulated and ever-frozen ground
Spend L1The seasonal frozen ground specimen height for acquiring model isEver-frozen ground specimen height is
Testing sample preparation can be in two kinds of situation: the first undisturbed soil sample preparation, will be derived from seasonal frozen ground and many years at simulation scene
Frozen soil carries out being cut into sample according to experiment calculation size；Ever-frozen ground sample is derived from original state frozen soil permafrost, takes soil
Depth is in -5~-10m range；Seasonal frozen ground sample is derived from original state frozen soil season Frozen-thawed cycled layer, takes native depth in -1~-5m
In range；
Second of indoor preparation soil sample can indoor sample preparation in order to study the multifactor influence to frozen soil upper limit；It will be derived from existing
The soil sample of field carries out the drying desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, carries out indoor sample preparation again further according to soil moisture content, the saliferous rate data of simulation.In frozen soil
When preparation, first according to calculating 17 height l of ever-frozen ground sample1Corresponding mold is selected with 18 height l of seasonal frozen ground sample, is adjusted
To change sample groove height, sample groove height is adjusted to be measured by infrared distance sensor 25 and be determined section sample slot lifting cylinder 13.
According to calculated ever-frozen ground and two kinds of specimen height l of seasonal frozen ground1It is counted again with l, sample slot internal diameter d and soil sample dry density ρ
The 18 dry mass m of seasonal frozen ground sample after the repeated drying desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching needed for calculating1=ρ π (d/2)2L and ever-frozen ground sample 17
Dry mass m2=ρ π (d/2)2l1.Further according to given data frozen soil volumetric water content θ, saliferous rate w prepare corrresponding quality go from
Sub- water and NaCl, Na2SO4、NaHCO3, by NaCl, Na2SO4、NaHCO3Corrresponding quality is dissolved in after being mixed in a certain ratio uniformly
Deionized water in, after salinity is completely dissolved into solution, by saline solution be added dry ground in, stirred when solution is added,
So that saline solution is uniformly mixed with soil, sealing is kept for 12 hours into plastic barrel, it is therefore an objective to make native internal water salt distribution
Uniformly.One layer of antifreeze silicone oil is applied, on model casing side wall to reduce the frictional force of side wall；First layering dress ever-frozen ground, when loading
Semiconductor chilling plate 19 is placed in the position of layering embedment plug in sensor fixed ring 21, soil sample bottom and surrounding, with pressure
Actual load, which sets to banket to every layer, to be tamped, until reaching specified altitude completion, is then adjusted semiconductor chilling plate 19 to minimum
Temperature refrigeration 12 hours, upper layer struck off, and ever-frozen ground sample 17 is layered filling seasonal frozen ground again after completing, and when loading also divides
Layer embedment plug in sensor fixed ring 21, equally being banketed with compaction apparatus to every layer, it is complete up to reaching specified altitude to carry out compacting
At.Compaction apparatus use, which finishes, to be disassembled.
(2) test process controls: the temperature of this test, humidity, illumination condition should be consistent with live undisturbed soil, sampling
Or after sample preparation, sample slot is placed in the tubular magnet turntable 7 of test internal box 2, restarts motor and metal is driven to turn
Axis 6 and tubular magnet turntable 7 rotate, to drive sample slot in box house uniform rotation.
According to test period t1And situ time t to be simulated1'(t1Far smaller than t1'), Frozen Ground Area scene t1' the time
Temperature, precipitation, illumination field data, by the control of the temperature variation data input system of live t1' time and data acquisition meter
In calculation machine 34, computer system control refrigeration module 26 and heating module 27 carry out temperature regulation, by these data in t1Time
Interior reproduction is in chamber.Also according to the precipitation data of investigation, sprayed after inputting computer with computer software control water replanishing device
First 28 Spraying rates make live t1' the time precipitation in t1Time uniformly drops in tubular magnet turntable 7.Similarly adjust day
The irradiation frequency of optical analog lamp 31 and time make live t1' the time light radiation amount in t1Time, uniform irradiation was in chamber.
(3) test result measures: the soil moisture, salinity monitor system, are that plug-in type soil moisture and salinity pass
Sensor 20, plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor 20 are placed in plug in sensor fixed ring 21 and are embedded in soil sample
In, sample slot seasonal frozen ground sample 18 from upper surface to ever-frozen ground sample 17 with the height l+l of removable 16 contact surface of slide plate1
In be uniformly distributed multiple plug in sensor fixed rings 21, sensor data measured can be inputted by data collecting module collected and be calculated
Machine system saves output.
Frozen soil upper limit calculating process is as follows:
It is sampled by frozen soil sample preparation and after chamber carries out freezing-thawing test, the upper boundary conditions of formula 1. 5. can be distinguished
By the plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor 20 in 18 upper space plug in sensor fixed ring 21 of seasonal frozen ground sample
The function that the soil moisture content θ of measurement, soil salt content w data acquire determines that sensor probe is different in size, and data are averaged
Function is calculated after value again, the downstream condition of formula 1. 5. can be respectively by 17 lowest surface of ever-frozen ground sample, i.e. sample slot
Removable slide plate 16 and the plug-in type soil moisture in the plug in sensor fixed ring 21 at 17 contact surface of ever-frozen ground sample
The function that the soil moisture content θ that measures with salt sub-sensor 20, soil salt content w data acquire determines, formula 1. 5. initial
Condition is by inserting in multiple plug in sensor fixed rings 21 from the bottom to top in seasonal frozen ground sample 18 and ever-frozen ground sample 17
Enter formula soil moisture to determine with salt sub-sensor 20 measures soil moisture content θ, soil salt content w data acquire function；
Analytic solutions, which are solved, further according to the separation of variable after the primary condition and boundary condition determination of formula 1. 5. obtains formula 2. 6.,
It finally combines soil moisture, salinity judge index 2. 6. to be calculated by formula and judges that frozen soil upper limit change procedure is as follows:
(1) by soil freezing-thawing moisture diffusivity equation
In formula: θ is volumetric soil water content (cm3·cm-3), D is the diffusion coefficient (cm of water in soil3·s-1), t is the time
(s), z is the size component (cm) in soil body z-axis direction, and l is seasonal frozen ground specimen height (cm), l1For ever-frozen ground specimen height
(cm)；
When primary condition is t=0, θ (z, 0)=θ1(z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, θ (0, t)=θ2(t)；
Z=l+l1When, θ (l+l1, t) and=θ3(t)；
Analytic solutions are obtained by the separation of variable are as follows:
Wherein
t0For the testing experiment end time, n=1,2,3；θiIt is surveyed for plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor 20
Try the moisture content function that data determine；
Moisture content θ that any depth z any time t 2. can be obtained according to formula, since ever-frozen ground, seasonal frozen ground contain
Water rate has certain difference, and the water of ever-frozen ground is frozen state, and the Liquid water content of seasonal frozen ground is significantly larger than ever-frozen ground,
Therefore be judgment basis with moisture content difference above and below the interface of ever-frozen ground and seasonal frozen ground, by computer by time t, t can
It provides to adjust according to specific test requirements document, substitutes into formula and 2. carry out assignment tentative calculation, until moisture content difference DELTA θ occurs at close z
Mutation, Δ θ obviously increase sharply, that is, determine Upper Limit of Permafrost position z1, z1It is worth average value for two close z, if occurring multiple
z1, it is subject to maximum value；
Constantly regulate time t can be in test period t1Simulation obtains situ time t1' interior Upper Limit of Permafrost change in location
Rule；
(2) by soil freezing-thawing salinity diffusivity equation
In formula: w is soil salt content (gcm-3), Dsh is the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (cm of salinity under concentration gradient2·
s-1)；
When primary condition is t=0, w (z, 0)=w1(z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, w (0, t)=w2(t)；
Z=l+l1When, w (l+l1, t) and=w3(t)；
Analytic solutions are obtained by the separation of variable are as follows:
Wherein
t0For the testing experiment end time, n=1,2,3；wiIt is surveyed for plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor 20
Try the saliferous rate function that data determine；
Saliferous rate w that any depth z any time t 6. can be obtained according to formula, since ever-frozen ground, seasonal frozen ground contain
Salt rate has certain difference, and soil salt is present in liquid water in the form of an ion, and the water of ever-frozen ground is frozen state, season
The Liquid water content of frozen soil is significantly larger than ever-frozen ground, therefore the saliferous rate of seasonal frozen ground is also above ever-frozen ground, therefore with for many years
Saliferous rate difference is judgment basis up and down at the interface of frozen soil and seasonal frozen ground, by computer by time t, substitute into formula 6. into
Row assignment tentative calculation, until saliferous rate difference DELTA w mutates at certain close two z, Δ w obviously increases sharply, that is, is determined as freezing for many years
Native upper limit position z2, z2It is worth average value for two close z, if multiple z occurs in tentative calculation2, it is subject to maximum value；
Constantly regulate time t can be in test period t1Simulation obtains situ time t1' interior Upper Limit of Permafrost change in location
Rule；
(3) to sum up, the Upper Limit of Permafrost position acquired according to different formulas analytic solutions is
According to the theory of similarity, tests observed sample model freeze thawing variable quantity and live prototype frozen soil upper limit freeze thawing becomes
The ratio between change amount is also 1:a, therefore live prototype frozen soil upper limit position is az, can be in the hope of live frozen soil upper limit position according to this formula
Changing rule, constantly regulate time t can be in test period t1Simulation obtains situ time t1' interior Upper Limit of Permafrost position becomes
Change situation.
T can provide to adjust according to specific test requirements document, t1Far smaller than t1'。
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions.By sentence " element limited including one ..., it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element ".
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule method, it is characterised in that: taken by frozen soil sample preparation
Sample and chamber carry out freezing-thawing test after, the upper boundary conditions of formula 1. 5. can be most upper by seasonal frozen ground sample (18) respectively
The soil moisture content of plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor (20) measurement in surface plug in sensor fixed ring (21)
The function that θ, soil salt content w data acquire determines that sensor probe is different in size, and data calculate function after being averaged again,
The downstream condition of formula 1. 5. can be respectively by ever-frozen ground sample (17) lowest surface, i.e. sample slot moves slide plate (16)
With the plug-in type soil moisture and salinity biography in the plug in sensor fixed ring (21) at ever-frozen ground sample (17) contact surface
The function that soil moisture content θ that sensor (20) measures, soil salt content w data acquire determines, the primary condition of formula 1. 5. by
Inserting in multiple plug in sensor fixed rings (21) from the bottom to top in seasonal frozen ground sample (18) and ever-frozen ground sample (17)
Enter formula soil moisture to determine with salt sub-sensor (20) measure soil moisture content θ, soil salt content w data acquire function；
Analytic solutions are solved further according to the separation of variable after the primary condition and boundary condition determination of formula 1. 5. and obtain formula 2. 6., finally
It is 2. 6. calculated in conjunction with soil moisture, salinity judge index by formula and judges that frozen soil upper limit change procedure is as follows:
(1) by soil freezing-thawing moisture diffusivity equation
In formula: θ is volumetric soil water content (cm3·cm-3), D is the diffusion coefficient (cm of water in soil3·s-1), t is the time (s),
Z is the size component (cm) in soil body z-axis direction, and l is seasonal frozen ground specimen height (cm), l1For ever-frozen ground specimen height
(cm)；
When primary condition is t=0, θ (z, 0)=θ1(z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, θ (0, t)=θ2(t)；
Z=l+l1When, θ (l+l1,T)=θ3(t)；
Analytic solutions are obtained by the separation of variable are as follows:
Wherein
t0For the testing experiment end time, n=1,2,3 ...；θiFor plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor (20) test data
Determining moisture content function；
The moisture content θ that any depth z any time t 2. can be obtained according to formula, on the interface of ever-frozen ground and seasonal frozen ground
Lower moisture content difference is judgment basis, and time t, t can be provided to adjust, be substituted into public according to specific test requirements document by computer
2. formula carries out assignment tentative calculation, until moisture content difference DELTA θ is mutated at certain two close z, Δ θ obviously increases sharply, that is, is determined as
Upper Limit of Permafrost position z1, z1It is worth average value for two close z, if there are multiple z1, it is subject to maximum value；
Constantly regulate time t can be in test period t1Simulation obtains situ time t1' interior Upper Limit of Permafrost change in location rule
Rule；
(2) by soil freezing-thawing salinity diffusivity equationIn formula: w contains for soil
Salt rate (gcm-3), Dsh is the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (cm of salinity under concentration gradient2·s-1)；
When primary condition is t=0, w (z, 0)=w1(z)；
When boundary condition is z=0, w (0, t)=w2(t)；
Z=l+l1When, w (l+l1,T)=w3(t)；
Analytic solutions are obtained by the separation of variable are as follows:
Wherein
t0For the testing experiment end time, n=1,2,3 ...；wiFor plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor (20) test data
Determining saliferous rate function；
The saliferous rate w that any depth z any time t 6. can be obtained according to formula, on the interface of ever-frozen ground and seasonal frozen ground
Lower saliferous rate difference is judgment basis, by computer by time t, substitutes into formula and 6. carries out assignment tentative calculation, until certain two
Saliferous rate difference DELTA w mutates at close two z, and Δ w obviously increases sharply, that is, is determined as Upper Limit of Permafrost position z2, z2It is two
A close z is worth average value, if multiple z occurs in tentative calculation2, it is subject to maximum value；
Constantly regulate time t can be in test period t1Simulation obtains situ time t1' interior Upper Limit of Permafrost change in location rule
Rule；
(3) to sum up, the Upper Limit of Permafrost position acquired according to different formulas analytic solutions is
According to the theory of similarity, observed sample model freeze thawing variable quantity and live prototype frozen soil upper limit freeze thawing variable quantity are tested
The ratio between be also 1:a, therefore live prototype frozen soil upper limit position is az, can be in the hope of live frozen soil upper limit change in location according to this formula
Rule.
2. a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule device, including outer case (1), internal box (2), number
According to acquisition module (33) and system control and data acquisition computer (34), it is characterised in that: the internal box (2) is located at outer container
Body (1) is internal, and the upper end of the outer case (1) and internal box (2) is respectively arranged with outer case lid (3) and interior case lid (4), described interior
Position between the left side outer wall of cabinet (2) and the inner wall of outer case (1) is equipped with heating module (27) and refrigeration module (26),
The heating module (27) and refrigeration module (26) are connected to internal box (2) respectively, the outer right wall of the internal box (2) and outer
Position between the inner wall of cabinet (1) is provided with water replanishing device, is equipped with a day optical analog above internal box (2) inner left wall
Lamp (31), internal box (2) the inner wall bottom are fixedly connected with test button platform pedestal (5), the test button platform pedestal (5)
Inside is equipped with rotary electric machine, and the rotary electric machine output shaft is equipped with metal rotating shaft (6), solid at the top of the metal rotating shaft (6)
Surely it is connected with tubular magnet turntable (7), is provided with sample slot at the top of the tubular magnet turntable (7), the sample slot
Top is equipped with infrared distance sensor (25), is equipped with compaction apparatus below the interior case lid (4), the sample slot is provided with
Several, the sample slot includes sample slot outer wall (8), sample slot inner wall (9) and sample slot bottom seat (10), the sample slot bottom
Seat (10) bottom is equipped with lifting cylinder (13), be provided on the outside of the lifting cylinder (13) lifting cylinder air guide pore (14) and
Lifting cylinder switchs (15), is fixedly connected with removable slide plate (16) at the top of the lifting cylinder (13), the sample slot inner wall
(9) it being fixedly connected with insulating layer (11), removable slide plate (16) two sides are in contact with insulating layer (11) inner wall of sample slot,
It is placed with ever-frozen ground sample (17) on the removable slide plate (16), the bottom of the ever-frozen ground sample (17) and surrounding
Position be placed with semiconductor chilling plate (19), be placed with seasonal frozen ground sample at the top of the ever-frozen ground sample (17)
(18), the ever-frozen ground sample (17) and seasonal frozen ground sample (18) are internally provided with plug in sensor fixed ring (21),
The plug in sensor fixed ring (21) is provided with multiple, and is uniformly arranged from the bottom to top, the plug in sensor is fixed
Ring (21) includes fixed ring inner wall (22) and fixed ring outer wall, and fixed ring inner wall (22) surface is provided with sensor fixing card
Slot (23), the sensor fixed card slot (23) are uniformly arranged, and are equipped with plug-in type inside the sensor fixed card slot (23)
Soil moisture and salt sub-sensor (20), the plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor (20) inside are provided with soil moisture
With salinity sensor sensing probe (24), the soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe (24) are located at plug in sensor
On the inside of fixed ring (21), and soil moisture and salinity sensor sensing probe (24) are set as different length.
3. a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates according to claim 1 determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule method, feature
Be: the t can provide to adjust according to specific test requirements document, the t1Far smaller than t1'。
4. a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates according to claim 2 determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule device, feature
Be: the compaction apparatus includes driving cylinder (36), passes through pressurizing device fixing bolt at the top of the driving cylinder (36)
(35) it is fixedly connected with interior case lid (4), telescopic rod (37) bottom of driving cylinder (36) is equipped with support frame (39), described
It is connect by support frame connection bolt (38) with telescopic rod (37) bottom in the middle part of support frame (39), support frame as described above (39) bottom is solid
Surely it is connected with pressure head (40), the quantity of the pressure head (40) and position are corresponded with the quantity of sample slot and position.
5. a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates according to claim 2 determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule device, feature
Be: being respectively equipped with pull ring on the interior case lid of the outer case lid (3) (4), the outer case (1), internal box (2), outer case lid (3) and
Interior case lid (4) is made using Heat-insulation metal material, and inner wall smears adiabator layer, day optical analog lamp (31) control
End is connect with system control and data acquisition computer (34), the position between the sample slot inner wall (9) and insulating layer (11)
It is provided with thermal insulation layer (12).
6. a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates according to claim 2 determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule device, feature
Be: the plug-in type soil moisture and salt sub-sensor (20) and infrared distance sensor (25) are transmitted by test data
Conducting wire (32) is connect with data acquisition module (33), and data acquisition module (33) output end and system control and data acquire
The connection of computer (34) input terminal, the heating module (27) and refrigeration module (26) pass through test data transfer wire (32)
It is connect with system control and data acquisition computer (34).
7. a kind of changed based on soil water-stable aggregates according to claim 2 determines frozen soil upper limit changing rule device, feature
Be: the water replanishing device includes Markov bottle (30), distilled water transmitting catheter (29), water replanishing device spray head (28), distilled water biography
Transporting pipe fitting (41), detachable steaming distilled water transmitting catheter (42) and tubular turntable ponding returnable bottle (43), the Markov bottle
(30) position between the outer right wall of internal box (2) and the inner wall of outer case (1), the Markov bottle (30) pass through distillation
Water transmitting catheter (29), distilled water transmitting catheter connector (41) and detachable steaming distilled water transmitting catheter (42) and water replanishing device spray head
(28) it connects, the water replanishing device spray head (28) is located at the top of internal box (2) inside cylindrical magnet turntable (7), the benefit
The control terminal and system of water installations spray head (28) control and data acquisition computer (34) is electrically connected.
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