CN109738478A - A kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109738478A CN109738478A CN201910049004.1A CN201910049004A CN109738478A CN 109738478 A CN109738478 A CN 109738478A CN 201910049004 A CN201910049004 A CN 201910049004A CN 109738478 A CN109738478 A CN 109738478A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automations to monitor system, including sample ontology, temperature control mechanism, water compensation mechanism, measuring mechanism, data gather computer structure and shock isolating pedestal；Sample ontology includes lucite cylinder and soil sample, and soil sample is placed on inside lucite cylinder, and shock isolating pedestal is connected to lucite cylinder bottom；Temperature control mechanism includes insulating box, and lucite cylinder is placed in insulating box, and temperature control top plate and temperature control bottom plate are separately positioned on the two sides up and down of soil sample；Water compensation mechanism includes water pump, and the water outlet of water pump is connected with moisturizing conduit, and moisturizing conduit runs through temperature control bottom plate to lucite cylinder internal stretch；Measuring mechanism includes that the displacement meter that spiral is connected to the temperature sensor of lucite cylinder side wall and is arranged in above soil sample, temperature sensor and displacement meter are connect with data gather computer structure.Influence this invention removes mechanical shock, artificial error in reading to monitoring result, deeply discloses the Frost heaving mechanism of soil, and monitoring result is accurate and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geotechnological low-temperature test fields, and in particular to a kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitoring system
System.
Background technique
The month of most cold monthly mean temperature<-3 DEG C, monthly mean temperature>10 DEG C is no more than 4, is that China is earliest to Han Qu
Definition is a kind of common natural phenomena in the regional soil frost heave.Soil freezing heave main cause has two aspects, is on the one hand
Temperature drops to below freezing, native pore water glaciation, is to meet its volume to continue expansion when ice crystal is full of hole
Demand meeting extrusion soil particle causes soil particle to be wriggled outward and disperses, to cause deformation macroscopically.On the other hand, in temperature
It spends under gradient and the collective effect of matric potential, the moisture of the non-frozen soil layer in lower part can be assembled endlessly to leading edge migration is freezed
The ice intrusive body for freezing to be formed the forms such as ice lens, ice band, causes the soil body to separate, earth's surface is caused unevenly to swell deformation.
How engineering disease is forecast in advance, and provides corresponding control measure to be just particularly important, and effective control measure,
It is unable to do without the correct understanding to body frost heaving process.
Soil freezing heave can seriously affect the stability of cold regions engineering, in some instances it may even be possible to cause the engineerings disease such as cracking, landslide, infiltration
Evil.Guarantee cold Qu Tielu, highway, petroleum pipeline and substation etc. stablizes operation, needs to study body frost heaving mechanism, for it
Distinctive physical property uses special construction technology.And the primary key for studying soil freezing heave mechanism is exactly to understand body frost heaving
Process, it is more mature to the indoor simulation investigative technique of soil freezing heave at present, but all there are no realize mobilism, automation and
Fining, and targetedly the soil freezing heave under different engineering backgrounds cannot be simulated.
Current test macro can only read final displacement value and water replenishment amount at the end of frost heave, for simple test
Final frost heave result in the case of different condition or soil property, it is clear that can satisfy, but can not deeply disclose the Frost heaving mechanism of soil.
And for initial stage discharging consolidation, freezing front advances, and the dynamic phenomenons such as frost-heaving deformation overall process are due to lacking process data
It can not back analysis.Traditional soil freezing heave displacement mostly uses dial gauge to measure greatly, relative to high-speed rail roadbed large or fine granule material
Can not the stable small frost-heaving deformation for capturing this material of entirely accurate, moreover the accidental error artificially read is enough to influence
Experimental result.Including not accounted for also for cryostat compressor mechanical shock caused by soil sample cavity itself, dial gauge
Whether the frost heaving amount finally shown, which can accurately reflect freezing soil degree, need to be investigated.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automations to monitor system, the system eliminates
The influence of mechanical shock, artificial error in reading to monitoring result, deeply discloses the Frost heaving mechanism of soil, and monitoring result accurately may be used
It leans on.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention are as follows:
A kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitoring system, the high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitoring
System includes sample ontology, temperature control mechanism, water compensation mechanism, measuring mechanism, data gather computer structure and shock isolating pedestal；
The sample ontology includes lucite cylinder and soil sample, and the upper and lower side of the lucite cylinder is open architecture, institute
The inside that soil sample is placed on the lucite cylinder is stated, the shock isolating pedestal is connected to the bottom of the lucite cylinder；
The temperature control mechanism includes insulating box, and the lucite cylinder is placed in insulating box, is set in the organic glass
There are temperature control top plate corresponding with its internal diameter and temperature control bottom plate, the temperature control top plate and temperature control bottom plate are separately positioned on the soil sample
Upper and lower two sides；
The water compensation mechanism includes water pump, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected with moisturizing conduit, which runs through institute
Temperature control bottom plate is stated to lucite cylinder internal stretch；
The measuring mechanism includes that spiral is connected to the temperature sensor of lucite cylinder side wall and is arranged in the soil
Displacement meter above sample, the temperature sensor and displacement meter are connect by conducting wire with the data gather computer structure.
Preferably, the upper and lower side of the lucite cylinder is connected separately with cover board and pedestal, the cover board is equipped with ring
Connected in star, the upper end of the lucite cylinder are inlaid in the annular groove；
The pedestal is equipped with circular groove, and the lower end of the lucite cylinder reclines with the inner wall of the circular groove, institute
State the middle part that temperature control bottom plate is located at circular groove；
More fixed brackets are threaded between the cover board and pedestal.
Preferably, being connected with multiple seat legs on the pedestal, the seat leg is arranged on the shock isolating pedestal；
The shock isolating pedestal includes horizontal seismic isolation component and vertical shock insulation component, and the vertical shock insulation component includes shock insulation plate
The lead for retractable pencil being vertically inlaid in inside shock insulation plate, the shock insulation plate are formed by stainless steel plate and damping sheet are alternately laminated, it is described every
The middle part for shaking plate is equipped with avoid holes；
The horizontal seismic isolation component includes the bridging piece being connected to above shock insulation plate, and the middle part of the bridging piece is equipped with hole of taking a seat,
Around at least three cords for extending downward into avoid holes are connected with around the hole of taking a seat, the bottom of the cord is connected
There is a bearing plate, the seat leg is passed through to take a seat and hole and is placed on the bearing plate.
Preferably, the inside of the temperature control top plate is equipped with coil pipe, the input end of the coil pipe passes through respectively with outlet end
It is threaded with cryostat conduit, thermal resistance is installed inside the temperature control top plate；Location is connected at the top of the temperature control top plate
Platform, the location platform are matched with the displacement meter to detect the displacement of the frost-heaving deformation of the soil sample.
Preferably, the inside of the temperature control bottom plate is equipped with coil pipe, the input end of the coil pipe passes through respectively with outlet end
It is threaded with cryostat conduit, the temperature control base plate interior is equipped with thermal resistance；
The end of the moisturizing conduit is located at the top surface of temperature control bottom plate, and the top surface of the temperature control bottom plate is connected with strainer, and
The strainer covers the end of the moisturizing conduit.
Preferably, the displacement meter is fixed on cover board and pedestal by displacement meter bracket, the cover board is equipped with branch
Frame avoid holes, the pedestal are equipped with bracket threaded hole corresponding with the bracket avoid holes, and the displacement meter bracket runs through institute
It is threadedly coupled after stating bracket avoid holes with the bracket threaded hole.
Preferably, the displacement meter bracket is equipped with external screw thread, and it is threadedly coupled by external screw thread with bracket threaded hole,
Externally threaded vertical extension >=the 150mm.
Preferably, the temperature sensor includes thermal resistance, the thermal resistance is described by stop nut connecting wire
The periphery of thermal resistance is enclosed with column copper sheet, and the length of the copper sheet is greater than the length of the thermal resistance, and the copper sheet is separate to lead
One end of line is inclined surface.
Preferably, the side wall Spiral distribution of the lucite cylinder has multiple mounting holes, the copper of the temperature sensor
Piece runs through the mounting hole, the lateral surface of the stop nut and the mounting hole against.
Preferably, the longitudinal pitch between adjacent two mounting hole is equal, and the longitudinal pitch is 1cm or 2cm.
A kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitoring system provided by the invention compared with prior art, have with
It is lower the utility model has the advantages that
1) it replaces traditional dial gauge to measure using displacement meter, not only has biggish promotion in precision, but also avoid
The problem of can not normally reading when testing and carrying out, the dynamic overall process of soil sample frost heave can preferably be presented, really realize real-time
Monitoring.
2) setting of shock insulation bracket effectively avoids bringing the influence of vibration due to lower part compressor operating, has both adapted to displacement
High-precision requirement is counted, vibration influence caused by soil sample cavity is also avoided.
3) value of the measuring devices such as thermal resistance, displacement meter is directly acquired by data gather computer structure, not only can to avoid by
The accidental error caused by artificial reading, can also substantially reduce workload, improve the degree of automation.
4) disturbance in embedded process to soil sample can be reduced by measuring each layer soil sample temperature field using the thermal resistance of aciculiform, external
One layer of copper sheet can protect thermal resistance and prolong its service life；Temperature sensor arrangement form be spiral formula, avoid by
The situation of test specimen tube side wall strength deficiency caused by ipsilateral drilling is excessive.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that high-precision body frost heaving process automation of the invention monitors system；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of part fixation member in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of temperature control top plate of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of temperature control bottom plate of the invention；
Fig. 5 is displacement meter bracket and support bracket fastened structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the arrangement schematic diagram of the mounting hole of lucite cylinder side wall of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of temperature sensor of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of shock isolating pedestal of the invention.
1, insulating box；2, laser displacement gauge；3, temperature control top plate；4, location platform；5, cryostat conduit；6, lucite cylinder；
7, thermal insulation material；8, filter paper；9, soil sample；10, temperature sensor；11, permeable stone；12, temperature control bottom plate；13, limit hole；14, every
Shake support；15, water pump；16, heat sink；17, O-ring seal；18, cover board；19, displacement meter bracket；20, flow control valve；21,
Flowmeter；22, conducting wire；23, thermal resistance；24, data collector；25, computer；26, bridging piece；27, cord；28, bearing plate；
29, lead for retractable pencil；30, stainless steel plate；31, damping sheet；32, pedestal；33, fixed bracket；34, mounting hole；35, copper sheet；36, spiral shell is limited
It is female；37, coil pipe；38, strainer；39, moisturizing conduit.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, every other reality obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example is applied, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that when component be referred to as with another component " connection " when, it can directly with another component
It connects or there may also be components placed in the middle.When component is referred to as " setting " on another component, it can directly " be set
Set " on another component or there may also be components placed in the middle.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and belong to technical field of the invention
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Term as used herein in the specification of the present invention is intended merely to description tool
The purpose of the embodiment of body is not to be to limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitors system, including sample ontology, temperature control mechanism,
Water compensation mechanism, measuring mechanism, data gather computer structure and shock isolating pedestal.
Wherein, data gather computer structure includes data collector 24 and computer 25.
The power supply of data collector 24 is converted: input AC (exchange) 240V, output DC (direct current) 15V,
800mA；15 (± 50V) analog signals can access using binary channels isolation technology, at most extend to 300 simulation inputs,
Simulation and digital channel, high-speed counter, pulse input, programmable sensor and serial-port interface connection one can be passed through
The sensor of series realizes that temperature, voltage, electric current, resistance, electric bridge, frequency carry out data acquisition simultaneously；It simultaneously can be to collecting
Various initial data calculated, by the form of required engineering unit or statistical report by initial data or calculated result
Return to computer 25.
Computer 25 using on the market can firsthand common computer, no particular/special requirement.
The sample ontology of the present embodiment includes lucite cylinder 6 and soil sample 9, and the upper and lower side of lucite cylinder 6 is open knot
Structure, the height of lucite cylinder 6 is 20cm, wall thickness 1.5cm, meets limitation of the Unidirectional Freezing to lateral deformation enough, and suitable
Soil sample size for most indoor frost heave monitorings.
Soil sample 9 is placed on the inside of lucite cylinder 6 and uniformly smears in lucite cylinder 6 all before soil sample 9 is placed
Intellectual circle excludes the inhibition that frictional resistance deforms soil freezing heave to lubricate.
Soil sample 9 used in automatic monitoring can be matched according to actual engineering background, and original also can be directly used
Shape soil is monitored.The frost heaving characteristic that may naturally be used for research modified soil, due to the size limit of device, frost heave monitoring
It is limited to small-scale model.
In order to further increase monitoring environment, sample ontology further includes filter paper 8 and permeable stone 11.
Filter paper 8 is individually positioned in the top surface of soil sample 9 and the bottom surface of soil sample 9.Filter paper 8 uses V60 log in the present embodiment
Paper is starched, and is soaked before being placed into soil sample 9.Filter paper 8 can avoid soil sample 9 and directly contact with other component, have
Protect the effect of soil sample.
Permeable stone 11 has several pieces, and is laid on 9 lower section of soil sample, so it is easy to understand that permeable stone 11 is laid on soil sample 9
Lower section but between soil sample 9 across filter paper.Permeable stone 11 is laid with one piece in the present embodiment, and is diameter 100mm, length 10mm
It is cylindric.Permeable stone 11 has water filtering function, while the air guide of permeable stone 11 is low, it is ensured that the benefit of the lateral section of soil sample 9
Water process is each to uniform.
As shown in connection with fig. 2, the temperature control mechanism in the present embodiment includes insulating box 1, temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12.
Insulating box 1 is the device of the entire monitoring environment temperature of control, and insulating box 1 is made of steel, and steel are inside and outside
Two layers, existing spacing constitutes cavity between two layers of steel.The poly- of cavity width is slightly less than using thickness between two layers of steel
Benzene plate filling, the hole between styrofoam and steel are wrapped up with insulating rubber plastic again, are guaranteed that filling is closely knit and are reached expected
Heat insulation.Lucite cylinder 6 is integrally placed in insulating box 1.
Temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12 are cylindric, and diameter and the internal diameter of lucite cylinder 6 are each about 10cm.Control
Warm top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12 are arranged inside lucite cylinder 6, are separately positioned on the two sides up and down of soil sample 9, temperature control bottom plate 12
The downside of soil sample 9 is set, soil sample 9 is carried while controlling 9 temperature of soil sample, temperature control bottom plate 12 is relative to lucite cylinder 6
Position be constant in entire frost heave test；The upside of soil sample 9 is arranged in temperature control top plate 3, and temperature control top plate 3 is without vertical
Restraining structure, in whole frost heave test, for temperature control top plate 3 because the frost-heaving deformation of soil sample 9 generates vertical displacement, which can
The frost-heaving deformation amount for directly reflecting soil sample 9, converts the frost-heaving deformation of soil sample 9 to the displacement of temperature control top plate 3, easily facilitates prison
It surveys, improves the reliability of testing result.
It is easily understood that temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12 need to be put into inside lucite cylinder 6, and need to all
Soil sample 9 carries out even temperature control, therefore the diameter of setting temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12 is slightly less than lucite cylinder when practical application
6 internal diameter, such as the internal diameter of lucite cylinder 6 are set as 10cm, and the diameter of temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12 can be set to
9.7cm, 9.8cm or 9.9cm guarantee to have soil sample 9 in the case where temperature control top plate 3 and 12 normal mounting of temperature control bottom plate maximum
Temperature control area.
In order to guarantee the tight fit of lucite cylinder 6 Yu each component, avoid generating displacement in monitoring process, organic glass
The upper and lower side of glass cylinder 6 is connected separately with cover board 18 and pedestal 32.
Cover board 18 is equipped with annular groove, and the upper end of lucite cylinder 6 is inlaid in the annular groove.Pedestal 32 is equipped with
Circular groove, the lower end of lucite cylinder 6 recline with the inner wall of the circular groove, and temperature control bottom plate 12 is located in circular groove
Portion, middle part here be interpreted as temperature control bottom plate 12 setting circular groove except the occupied space in 6 bottom of lucite cylinder it
Outer place.
In order to avoid water body is oozed out out of lucite cylinder 6 in monitoring process, in connecing for lucite cylinder 6 and pedestal 32
Contact portion position increases O-ring seal 17, and sealant is smeared at the gap of pedestal 32 and 6 side wall of lucite cylinder, guarantees in mould
Quasi- artesian water moisturizing does not overflow in the case where freezing, and guarantees the reliability of monitoring result.And using sealing glue connection pedestal 32
With lucite cylinder 6, cleared up convenient for the disassembly of component.
After the completion of lucite cylinder 6 and cover board 18 and pedestal 32 are embedded in, tilted to further avoid lucite cylinder 6,
Be threadedly coupled more fixed brackets 33 between cover board 18 and pedestal 32, the both ends of fixed bracket 33 and cover board 18, pedestal 32 it
Between to be threadedly engaged, and fixed bracket 33 is vertically-mounted.
Fixation bracket 33 in the present embodiment is equipped with four altogether, each fixed bracket 33 be cylindric and diameter be 8mm, length
Degree is 250mm, is fixedly connected using M8 hex nut with cover board 18, the connection with pedestal 32 can thread directly into reserved threaded hole
Hole can not generate linear deformation with the lucite cylinder 6 guaranteed in its groove, and the deflection surveyed is more nearly soil sample 9
Frost-heaving deformation.
As shown in figure 3, temperature control top plate 3 is internally provided with coil pipe 37, is used in the present embodiment using the high-quality aluminium production of T5
Copper tube two-way ring is around formation copper tube coil.The input end (being input end at the C in Fig. 3) of coil pipe 37 is with outlet end (in Fig. 3
D at be outlet end) be connected through a screw thread cryostat conduit 5 respectively, the entrance end of cryostat conduit 5 and coil pipe 37 uses silk
Detain screw thread twist-on, the external cryostat (position B in Fig. 1 is at external cryostat) again of cryostat conduit 5, through copper tube coil in pipe
Refrigerant circulation is carried out, to take away the heat in soil sample 9.
Freezing medium in refrigerant circulation uses good anti-icing fluid, and settable to -60 DEG C of minimum temperature is hereinafter, and red copper
The two-way cryostat form that coil pipe two-way ring is singly imported and exported around formation, ensure that the temperature of temperature control plate everywhere is uniform to the full extent.
When carrying out temperature field analysis using cooling equivalent radiant heat method, anti-icing fluid is seen as negative heat source at this time, from averagely
Cooling effect is considered in meaning, the equivalent heat conduction equation being derived by are as follows: Wherein, T is temperature control plate temperature；A is copper tube coil temperature diffusivity (m2/h)；T0For temperature control plate
Initial temperature (DEG C)；TwFor anti-icing fluid entrance fluid temperature (DEG C)；Consider initial temperature differences T0-TwInfluence；Consider hot temperature rise θ0Influence.It changes with time according to the temperature in equivalent heat conduction equation research copper tube coil
Rule, in order to control the flow velocity of anti-icing fluid.
Since the inlet temperature of anti-icing fluid it is known that can inquire into along Cheng Wendu paragraph by paragraph, such as: it sets copper tube coil and is divided into m
Section, inlet water temperature Tw0, water temperature increment is Δ T in i-th sectionwi, then i-th section of water temperature TwiAre as follows:Wherein i=1,2,3 ..., m.
In order to accurately reflect the temperature of temperature control intralamellar part, thermal resistance 23 is installed in temperature control top plate 3, thermal resistance 23 acquires temperature
Degree passes to computer 25 after, temperature curve needed for can simulating test well by computer 25, such as temperature
Line of writing music may be set to:Wherein, θbIt (t) is the required temperature of the variation of t at any time
It spends (DEG C)；θ0For mean temperature (DEG C)；θaFor fluctuation amplitude (DEG C)；T is period of waves (h)；For starting phase angle (°).Into
After one step carries out actual temperature and required temperature comparison by computer 25, the temperature fluctuation of temperature control top plate 3 is controlled at ± 0.05 DEG C
Within.
Smooth location platform 4 is also welded at the top of temperature control top plate 3, location platform 4 freezes as reflection soil
The detection object of swollen situation, when frost-heaving deformation occurs for soil sample 9, its underpart and lateral deformation are restricted, and are only allowed upward
Deform and drive temperature control top plate 3 and location platform 4 to move up.
As shown in figure 4, coil pipe 37 similar with 3 structure of temperature control top plate is installed inside temperature control bottom plate 12, and coil pipe 37
Input end (being input end at the C in Fig. 4) is equally connected by screw thread respectively with outlet end (being outlet end at the D in Fig. 4)
It is connected to cryostat conduit 5.Thermal resistance 23 is installed, accurately to obtain the temperature of temperature control bottom plate 12, control temperature inside temperature control bottom plate 12
Degree fluctuation.The drawing and temperature control top plate 3 of temperature control bottom plate 12 are consistent, are no longer repeated herein.
Unlike temperature control top plate 3, temperature control bottom plate 12 is also connected with water compensation mechanism.The water compensation mechanism includes being arranged in perseverance
Water pump 15, flow control valve 20 and flowmeter 21 outside incubator 1.
Water pump 15 is connected to external source (position A is to connect at external source in Fig. 1), and hydraulic pressure force parameter can directly exist
It is configured on its operation panel, realizes the water environment for simulating Frozen Ground Area level of ground water and artesian water indoors.
Flow control valve 20 is connected by flange with water pump 15, and flow control valve 20 can change water flow stream by adjusting knob
Speed and flow, the hydraulic parameters of flow control valve 20 can directly be read from subsidiary liquid crystal display.Pass through flow control valve
20 can realize the rich water situation of simulation different depth soil layer level of ground water, and the water and soil coupling solved in soil freezing test is asked
Topic.
Flowmeter 21 is connected by flange with flow control valve 20, since jelly in situ can not only occur for body frost heaving process
It is swollen, the fractional condensation frost heave fed along with water translocation is also tended to, can accurately be captured for causing this by flowmeter 21
The extraneous water that part frost heave is absorbed.
The outlet end of flowmeter 21 is connected with moisturizing conduit 40, which runs through temperature control bottom plate 12 to organic glass
6 internal stretches of cylinder, moisturizing conduit 40 extends to the top surface that its end is located at temperature control bottom plate 12, while being located under permeable stone 11
Side, to realize the moisturizing to 6 inside soil sample 9 of lucite cylinder.It is that moisturizing conduit 40 is in temperature control bottom plate 12 at E in Fig. 4
Water inlet end of this interior a part, the place F are that moisturizing conduit 40 be in this interior a part of water outlet of temperature control bottom plate 12, the water outlet
The as end of moisturizing conduit 40.
The top surface of temperature control bottom plate 12 is connected with strainer 38, and the end of the strainer 38 covering moisturizing conduit 40.Strainer 38
Planimetric area is round or oval, and surface is distributed in open-work, the columnar water circulation for providing moisturizing conduit 40
Turn to planar water flow, after planar water flow is using permeable stone 11, dual guarantee moisturizing it is each to uniformity.
Temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12 ensure that soil sample 9 has controlled heat environment the most accurate, and insulating box 1 is whole
The suitable environment temperature that a monitoring provides, in order to guarantee that the temperature inside insulating box 1 is uniform in the present embodiment, in insulating box 1
Interior setting heat sink 16, heat sink 16 are made of the high-quality aluminium flake of the strong T5 of muti-piece hot property, and muti-piece aluminium flake is equidistantly parallel by 1cm
Setting improves heat exchange efficiency with increasing heat radiation area.
Other than heat sink 16, the portion that condenser pipe, hot pin and centrifugal blower etc. are convenient for temperature control is additionally provided in insulating box 1
Part, above-mentioned component is connected to data gather computer structure, and directly controls work by computer 25, guarantees 1 internal temperature of insulating box
It is evenly distributed and fluctuation range is within ± 0.2 DEG C.
It certainly, can be in organic glass in order to avoid 6 internal temperature of lucite cylinder changes excessive or is influenced by ambient temperature
The side wall covering insulation material of glass cylinder 6.Thermal insulation material is closely wrapped in the lateral surface of lucite cylinder 6, guarantees that soil sample 9 is single
To freezing, influence of the lateral heat source to thermo parameters method is excluded, the general thermal insulating material for selecting thermal coefficient to be less than 0.05W/mK
Material.
Select the rubber-plastics material of black as thermal insulation material in the present embodiment, it is soft to be conveniently processed into arbitrary shape
Shape, and can also be to avoid the minimal effect of heat radiation under the premise of completely cutting off direct heat transfer.
The measuring mechanism of the present embodiment includes temperature sensor 10, the Yi Jishe that spiral is connected to 6 side wall of lucite cylinder
The displacement meter above soil sample 9, temperature sensor 10 and displacement meter is set to acquire by the data of conducting wire 22 and data gather computer structure
Device 24 connects.
In one embodiment, displacement meter selects laser displacement gauge 2, and 2 linearity of laser displacement gauge is good, and duplicate measurements misses
Difference can reach 0.01mm or less.Laser displacement gauge 2 need to emit that a beam diameter is about 150 μm and wavelength is about 655nm's when measuring
Infrared light is to testee, and infrared light is after testee surface reflection in the receiver of return laser light displacement meter 2, through it
The distance between testee, the high reliablity of ranging is calculated after the prism amendment of internal precision.
The temperature range of the use environment of usual laser displacement gauge 2 substantially meets frost heave test temperature at -20 DEG C~60 DEG C
It is required that；The minimum response time interval of laser displacement gauge 2 is 10ms, it can be achieved that real-time measurement；Laser displacement gauge 2 uses direct current
Source can directly be supplied by conducting wire 22 by the USB port of computer 25, and conducting wire 22 also has both and mutually communicates with computer 25
Effect, so that computer 25 directly acquires the measurement result of laser displacement gauge 2.Traditional dial gauge can only be after the end of the test
A final soil sample displacement offrost heaving is read, the precision of shift value is lower, and the present embodiment uses laser displacement gauge, not only increases
The accuracy of shift value, and shift value can be uploaded to computer 25 in real time, realize that mobilism reads frost-heaving deformation amount in real time, it is deep
Enter to disclose the Frost heaving mechanism of soil.
Laser displacement gauge 2 is fixed on cover board 18 and pedestal 32 by displacement meter bracket 19, and cover board 18 is kept away equipped with bracket
Allow hole, pedestal 32 is equipped with bracket threaded hole corresponding with bracket avoid holes, displacement meter bracket 19 run through after bracket avoid holes with
Bracket threaded hole is threadedly coupled.
As shown in figure 5, displacement meter bracket 19 is specifically designed according to the size of 2 finished product of laser displacement gauge, pass through reserving hole
It matches two M3 screws and hex nut is securely fixed.Displacement meter bracket 19 includes connecting with cover board 18 and pedestal 32
Vertical bar, and for laser displacement gauge 2 install cross bar.Inflection point is arranged in cross bar front end, and guarantee is installed rear laser displacement
The neutral axis and cross bar neutrality overlapping of axles of meter, adjustment and alignment point position convenient for the later period.
The vertical bar of displacement meter bracket 19 is equipped with external screw thread, and is threadedly coupled by external screw thread with bracket threaded hole.This reality
The lower end that vertical bar is arranged in external screw thread in example is applied, and is matched with pedestal 32.In other embodiments, external screw thread can be set
Any height and position of vertical bar, and can be threadedly coupled with cover board 18 and/or pedestal 32, to meet different height soil sample 9
Frost-heaving deformation measurement.
In the present embodiment vertical bar be cylindric and diameter be 8mm, length 300mm, cross bar is cylindric and diameter is
5mm, length 150mm.Since the measurement range of laser displacement gauge 2 is only ± 10cm, therefore it is arranged externally threaded vertical on vertical bar
Length >=150mm, and be fixed on pedestal 32 using double M8 hex nuts, realize that the height of laser displacement gauge 2 is adjustable.
After 2 position of laser displacement gauge is fixed, conducting wire 22 can be bundled on cross bar with band, in order to avoid influence measurement.
The detection target of laser displacement gauge 2 is the location platform 4 that 3 top of temperature control top plate is arranged in, location platform 4 and laser
Displacement meter 2 is matched to detect the displacement of the frost-heaving deformation of soil sample.In order to avoid cover board 18 influences to detect, inspection is opened up on cover board 18
Avoid holes are surveyed, and open up arc-shaped limit hole 13 around detection avoid holes, the cryostat conduit 5 connecting with temperature control top plate 3 is worn
It crosses the limit hole 13 to be limited, the infrared beam launched by laser displacement gauge 2 is blocked to avoid cryostat conduit 5.
As shown in fig. 6, the side wall Spiral distribution of lucite cylinder 6 has multiple mounting holes 34, the aperture of mounting hole 34 is
2mm, and the longitudinal pitch between adjacent two mounting hole 34 is 1cm or 2cm.Temperature sensor 10 is inserted into organic by mounting hole 34
Inside glass infuser 6, the temperature monitoring to soil sample 9 is realized.34 Spiral distribution of mounting hole is guaranteeing 6 side wall strength of lucite cylinder
While reduce by 9 asymmetry of soil sample caused due to the arrangement of temperature sensor 10.
As shown in fig. 7, the temperature sensor 10 in the present embodiment includes thermal resistance 39 and copper sheet 35.The periphery of thermal resistance 39
It is enclosed with column copper sheet 35, the length of copper sheet 35 is greater than the length of thermal resistance 39, is intended to temperature sensor 10 integrally needle-shaped.
And in order to further decrease disturbance when temperature sensor 10 is inserted into soil sample 9 to soil sample 9, one of copper sheet 35 far from conducting wire 22 is set
End is inclined surface.
Thermal resistance 39 is demarcated under multiple normal temperatures, obtains calibration coefficient A, B, X through fittinga、Yb、Zc, measurement essence
Degree can reach ± 0.02 DEG C hereinafter, the last actual measurement resistance of thermal resistance 39 converts to obtain temperature according to following calculation formula:Wherein, R is number
According to the collected resistance value of collector (Ω), R0For the conductor resistance (Ω) in addition to thermal resistance.
The thermal coefficient of copper sheet 35 is up to 350W/mK or more, and thickness is only 0.5mm, due to generated temperature of conducting heat
Degree delay can be ignored substantially, and its quality is hard with good plasticity.Copper sheet 35 is wrapped in 39 outer layer of thermal resistance
It can play a protective role, extend the service life of temperature sensor 10, column copper sheet 35 facilitates inside insertion soil, avoids pair
The disturbance of the soil sample 9 of sample is filled.
Thermal resistance 39 accesses data collector 24 again by 36 connecting wire 22 of stop nut, conducting wire 22 in order to adopt in real time
Monitor set data, including the resistance of conducting wire 22 has contemplated that in above-mentioned calibration process.
36 one side of stop nut plays the role of being connected and fixed thermal resistance 39 and conducting wire 22；On the other hand, temperature sensing
After 35 penetrating mounting holes 34 of the copper sheet insertion soil sample 9 of device 10, the lateral surface of stop nut 36 and mounting hole 34 against, and against
Position gluing is fixed, in order to avoid cause the measurement position of temperature sensor 10 to be changed due to being self-possessed conducting wire 22 or is pullled
Become, or even extract, causes test error.
The present embodiment is in order to reduce influence of the mechanical shock of component work generation to monitoring result, in lucite cylinder 6
Bottom connect shock isolating pedestal 14.Because lucite cylinder 6 is inlaid on pedestal 32, therefore for the ease of installation, it is arranged on pedestal 32
Multiple seat legs are connected with, and seat leg is arranged on shock isolating pedestal 14.
As shown in figure 8, shock isolating pedestal 14 includes horizontal seismic isolation component and vertical shock insulation component, to realize horizontal and vertical two
The shock insulation in a direction.
The lead for retractable pencil 29 that vertical shock insulation component includes shock insulation plate and is vertically inlaid in inside shock insulation plate.Shock insulation plate is by multilayer 1mm
The damping sheet 31 of thick stainless steel plate 30 and 2mm thickness is alternately laminated to be formed, and is equipped with avoid holes at middle part.It is damped in the present embodiment
Plate 31 is viscous damping plate, and using the energy dissipation capacity of viscous damping stiff time deformation, the damping force provided has vertical direction
Good damping effect.
Lead for retractable pencil 29 is vertically inlaid in inside shock insulation plate.Lead for retractable pencil 29 has 4 in the present embodiment, and is inserted perpendicularly into the four of shock insulation plate
Angle, lead for retractable pencil 29 use diameter for the column of 5mm, facilitate insertion into.Intensity needed for lead for retractable pencil 29 provides static load and enough rigidity,
Under shock effect, since lead for retractable pencil 29 is surrendered, rigidity is reduced, and consumes vibration energy, to reach extending structure use
The effect in period forms a good vibration-isolating system with damping sheet 31.
Damping sheet 31 can use polyurethane rubber (PU), can go out in -40 DEG C or less holding elasticity, cryogenic property
Color, durability are more excellent.
Horizontal seismic isolation component is connected with changeover portion, changeover portion tool using swing type shock insulation principle above shock insulation plate
There is certain altitude and middle part is invaginated downwards, is equipped with through-hole in interior concave portion position.
Horizontal seismic isolation component includes the bridging piece 26 being connected to above changeover portion, and the middle part of bridging piece 26 is equipped with hole of taking a seat, is falling
Around at least three cords 27 for extending downward into avoid holes are connected with around bore, the bottom of cord 27 is connected with bearing plate
28, seat leg is passed through to take a seat and hole and is placed on bearing plate 28.
The effect of the main bending moment of bridging piece 26, and the bore dia of taking a seat that its middle part is reserved damages its bending stiffness greater than 35mm
Lose it is larger, therefore be arranged bridging piece 26 thickness be at least 4mm.
Bearing plate 28 is connected to the bottom of cord 27, in the present embodiment setting bearing plate 28 be diameter 40mm, thickness 3mm
It is cylindric, to guarantee the gravity that there is enough intensity to bear lucite cylinder 6 and each component of surrounding.
As seen from the figure, cord 27 is equipped with 10 in the present embodiment, and is evenly distributed on the outer rim of bearing plate 28, every use
The plating copper wire that 3 diameters are 0.2mm, length is 50mm twists into one, can undertake the weight of top all objects, cord enough
27 arrangement form is the form using cord more, it is ensured that it has enough swing abilities.Certainly, in order to reach preferable
The smaller copper wire of diameter can be used under the premise of guaranteeing 27 intensity of cord in damping effect, slightly influences excessively to avoid cord 27
Swing performance.
In another embodiment, cord 27 can be also prepared by the lower material of the elasticity modulus such as the rope made of hemp or cotton cord, by
The cord 27 of the materials such as the rope made of hemp or cotton cord preparation has preferable swing performance, and damping effect is ideal, but due to material
Elasticity modulus is lower, therefore the weight of the components such as lucite cylinder 6 may make cord 27 generate vertical deformation, be needed at this time to silk
The change for the soil sample that length after the length and test of rope 27 before the test measures respectively, and laser displacement gauge 2 is detected
Shape amount subtracts the deflection of cord 27 to obtain the practical frost-heaving deformation amount of soil sample 9.Which can obtain the higher soil sample 9 of precision
The measurement result of frost heave displacement, but real-time monitoring can not be carried out.
To carry out real-time monitoring while the material reduced using elasticity modulus, then need to carry out cord 27 to make it
It is pre-processed using the preceding deformation for generating a certain amount of vertical deformation, to guarantee that its length stabilisation is constant during the test.It is logical
Often constant temperature pretreatment first can be carried out to soil sample before frost heave test starts, soil sample 9 is made to reach the initial temperature of setting.Constant temperature is located in advance
Reason carries out after device is respectively provided with, and the temperature of general control insulating box 1, temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12 is 1 DEG C, and
And 12h (or for 24 hours or more long time) is stood, to guarantee that soil sample 9 uniformly reaches preset temperature.
The deformation pretreatment of cord 27 synchronous with constant temperature pretreatment can carry out, i.e., after single unit system is respectively mounted, cord
27 under the action of soil sample 9 and associated components weight fully deformed, guarantee do not influence the displacement measurement in process of frost heave.?
In other embodiments, the deformation pretreatment of cord 27 can also be directly carries out certain load to cord 27, and loaded value needs big
In or equal to soil sample 9 and associated components total weight, make the fully deformed before frost heave test of cord 27, guarantee real-time monitoring soil
Accuracy high 9 frost heave displacement monitoring result of soil sample is obtained while 9 frost heave of sample changes.
The middle part of shock insulation plate is equipped with avoid holes, and for avoiding the extension path of cord 27, it is enough to guarantee that cord 27 has
Length.The top of shock insulation plate and changeover portion are optimal stubborn using the screw of 4 M6 using integrated formed structure, changeover portion and bridging piece 26
It connects.The setting of changeover portion ensure that cord 27 has enough length, and be also convenient for the connection of bridging piece 26 and shock insulation plate.
In the present embodiment in horizontal seismic isolation component, in order to extend cord 27 as far as possible, the bottom four corners portion of shock insulation plate is set
Position is connected with pier stud, and pier stud has certain altitude.Cord 27 pass through changeover portion through-hole and shock insulation plate avoid holes, extend to every
It shakes below plate.The seat leg of pedestal 32 passes through the hole of taking a seat of bridging piece 26, is shelved on bearing plate 28, the live part of stress is in silk
In the circle of 27 composition of rope.
Operating process is as follows before the test of the high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitoring system of the present embodiment:
1), assembling includes computer 25, data collector 24, water charging system, insulating box 1, temperature control top plate 3, temperature control bottom plate
The components such as 12 and shock isolating pedestal 14；
2) no-load test, is carried out by test requirements document: observed temperature and set temperature are compensated, regulation insulating box 1, control
The temperature of warm top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12；
3) compaction treatment, is carried out to remoulded sample by code requirement or undisturbed soil is sampled, is put into lucite cylinder 6
It is interior, filter paper 8 and permeable stone 11 are set as required respectively, then cover temperature control top plate 3 and temperature control bottom plate 12；
4) temperature sensor 10, is buried according to the mounting hole 34 originally reserved on 6 side wall of lucite cylinder, pays attention to guaranteeing
It is horizontally inserted into, and is fixed with sealant, finally wrap up double-layer heat insulation material 7 again outside lucite cylinder 6；
5) assembled sample ontology, is fixed on fixed bracket 33, has set up the height of laser displacement gauge 2, is guaranteed
No more than range, measurement position is adjusted, the infrared light emission port of guarantee laser displacement gauge 2 is in location platform 4 as far as possible
The heart；
6), all assembled test specimens are integrally put on the bearing plate 28 of four shock isolating pedestals 14, shutoff operation window；
7), the acquisition code of data collector 24 is imported, concurrently sets the cooling parameters of test, starts refrigeration system,
Start to test.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not present
Contradiction all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-precision body frost heaving process automation monitors system, which is characterized in that the high-precision body frost heaving process
Automatic monitoring system includes sample ontology, temperature control mechanism, water compensation mechanism, measuring mechanism, data gather computer structure and shock isolating pedestal；
The sample ontology includes lucite cylinder and soil sample, and the upper and lower side of the lucite cylinder is open architecture, the soil
Sample is placed on the inside of the lucite cylinder, and the shock isolating pedestal is connected to the bottom of the lucite cylinder；
The temperature control mechanism includes insulating box, and the lucite cylinder is placed in insulating box, be equipped in the organic glass with
The corresponding temperature control top plate of its internal diameter and temperature control bottom plate, the temperature control top plate and temperature control bottom plate are separately positioned on the upper and lower of the soil sample
Two sides；
The water compensation mechanism includes water pump, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected with moisturizing conduit, which runs through the control
Warm bottom plate is to lucite cylinder internal stretch；
The measuring mechanism includes that spiral is connected to the temperature sensor of lucite cylinder side wall and is arranged in the soil sample
The displacement meter of side, the temperature sensor and displacement meter are connect by conducting wire with the data gather computer structure.
2. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as described in claim 1 monitors system, which is characterized in that organic glass
The upper and lower side of glass cylinder is connected separately with cover board and pedestal, and the cover board is equipped with annular groove, the upper end of the lucite cylinder
It is inlaid in the annular groove；
The pedestal is equipped with circular groove, and the lower end of the lucite cylinder reclines with the inner wall of the circular groove, the control
Warm bottom plate is located at the middle part of circular groove；
More fixed brackets are threaded between the cover board and pedestal.
3. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as claimed in claim 2 monitors system, which is characterized in that on the pedestal
Multiple seat legs are connected with, the seat leg is arranged on the shock isolating pedestal；
The shock isolating pedestal includes horizontal seismic isolation component and vertical shock insulation component, and the vertical shock insulation component includes shock insulation plate and erects
To the lead for retractable pencil being inlaid in inside shock insulation plate, the shock insulation plate is formed by stainless steel plate and damping sheet are alternately laminated, the shock insulation plate
Middle part be equipped with avoid holes；
The horizontal seismic isolation component includes the bridging piece being connected to above shock insulation plate, and the middle part of the bridging piece is equipped with hole of taking a seat, in institute
It states around at least three cords for extending downward into avoid holes are connected with around hole of taking a seat, the bottom of the cord, which is connected with, holds
Pressing plate, the seat leg are passed through to take a seat and hole and be placed on the bearing plate.
4. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as described in claim 1 monitors system, which is characterized in that the temperature control top
The inside of plate is equipped with coil pipe, and the input end of the coil pipe and outlet end have been connected through a screw thread cryostat conduit, the temperature control respectively
Thermal resistance is installed inside top plate；Location platform, the location platform and the displacement are connected at the top of the temperature control top plate
Meter is matched to detect the displacement of the frost-heaving deformation of the soil sample.
5. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as described in claim 1 monitors system, which is characterized in that the temperature control bottom
The inside of plate is equipped with coil pipe, and the input end of the coil pipe and outlet end have been connected through a screw thread cryostat conduit, the temperature control respectively
Base plate interior is equipped with thermal resistance；
The end of the moisturizing conduit is located at the top surface of temperature control bottom plate, and the top surface of the temperature control bottom plate is connected with strainer, and the filter
Net covers the end of the moisturizing conduit.
6. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as claimed in claim 2 monitors system, which is characterized in that the displacement meter
Be fixed on cover board and pedestal by displacement meter bracket, the cover board be equipped with bracket avoid holes, the pedestal be equipped with it is described
The corresponding bracket threaded hole of bracket avoid holes, the displacement meter bracket run through the bracket avoid holes after with the bracket screw thread
Hole is threadedly coupled.
7. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as claimed in claim 6 monitors system, which is characterized in that the displacement meter
Bracket is equipped with external screw thread, and is threadedly coupled by external screw thread with bracket threaded hole, and the externally threaded vertical extension >=
150mm。
8. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as described in claim 1 monitors system, which is characterized in that the temperature passes
Sensor includes thermal resistance, and the thermal resistance is enclosed with column copper sheet by stop nut connecting wire, the periphery of the thermal resistance,
The length of the copper sheet is greater than the length of the thermal resistance, and the one end of the copper sheet far from conducting wire is inclined surface.
9. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as claimed in claim 8 monitors system, which is characterized in that organic glass
The side wall Spiral distribution of glass cylinder has multiple mounting holes, and the copper sheet of the temperature sensor runs through the mounting hole, the stop nut
With the lateral surface of the mounting hole against.
10. high-precision body frost heaving process automation as claimed in claim 9 monitors system, which is characterized in that adjacent two peace
The longitudinal pitch filled between hole is equal, and the longitudinal pitch is 1cm or 2cm.
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| CN110031367A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-19 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | A kind of frozen soil steam migration monitoring device |
| CN110376238A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 成都信息工程大学 | A kind of airborne quick ice-nucleus activation counter |
| CN112858631A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Comprehensive frost heaving test device and method for dynamic water replenishing in layered mode in whole process |
| CN114235597A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-03-25 | 安徽理工大学 | Frozen soil true triaxial rigid loading mold based on temperature gradient and operation method |
| CN110031367B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2024-07-02 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | Frozen soil vapor migration monitoring devices |
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