CN110031367B - Frozen soil vapor migration monitoring devices - Google Patents
Frozen soil vapor migration monitoring devices Download PDFInfo
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- CN110031367B CN110031367B CN201910243174.3A CN201910243174A CN110031367B CN 110031367 B CN110031367 B CN 110031367B CN 201910243174 A CN201910243174 A CN 201910243174A CN 110031367 B CN110031367 B CN 110031367B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/04—Investigating osmotic effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frozen soil water vapor migration monitoring device, which comprises a sample body, a temperature and humidity regulating mechanism and a monitoring mechanism, wherein the temperature and humidity regulating mechanism is arranged on the sample body; the sample body comprises a soil sample, an inner cylinder for placing the soil sample, an outer cylinder sleeved outside the inner cylinder and heat-insulating cotton wrapped on the periphery of the outer cylinder; the temperature and humidity regulating mechanism comprises an upper temperature control disc, a lower temperature control disc and a water supplementing unit, wherein the upper temperature control disc is arranged in the inner cylinder, the upper temperature control disc is covered above the soil sample, the lower temperature control disc is arranged in the outer cylinder, an isolating layer is reserved between the lower temperature control disc and the bottom of the soil sample, and the water supplementing unit comprises a water guide pipe and is connected to the isolating layer through the water guide pipe; the monitoring mechanism comprises a temperature sensor, a moisture sensor, a displacement meter and a pressure meter, wherein the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor penetrate through the side walls of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and extend towards the inside of the soil sample, and the displacement meter and the pressure meter are arranged above the soil sample. The device can realize the research on the water (steam) migration rule of the frozen soil under one-dimensional temperature gradient, and deeply reveal the micro frost heaving mechanism of the unsaturated coarse-grained soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical low-temperature tests, and particularly relates to a frozen soil water vapor migration monitoring device.
Background
By the end of 2016, the business mileage of the high-speed railway in China reaches 22980 km, the passenger traffic accounts for 43.4% of the specific gravity of the railway, but the road is nearly 75% in the northern season frozen area. In the construction and operation process of the high-speed railway in the cold region, the frost heaving of soil can seriously influence the stability of engineering in the cold region, and even can cause engineering diseases such as cracking, landslide, water seepage and the like. The research on the stability of roadbed is always an important scientific problem closely related to engineering practice and frozen soil theory.
In the pore structure of coarse-grained soil, liquid water migration due to capillary forces is limited, such as the rigid ice model of Miller (1978) and the segregation potential theory of Konrad and Morgenster (1981), but the contribution of water vapor migration to water content change is ignored as a focus of attention in previous research results. Coarse-grained soil has structural characteristics different from fine-grained soil, strict requirements of high-speed railway operation smoothness on road base deformation and the special feature that shallow coarse-grained soil filler is slightly frost heaving is different from traditional frost heaving are one of research hot spots of cold region engineering in recent years. How to forecast engineering diseases in advance and give corresponding prevention measures, and the accurate knowledge of water vapor migration into ice in the course of micro frost heaving of coarse-grained soil is not kept.
At present, no mature device is available for researching the water vapor migration of frozen soil. For simple testing of the final moisture content and deformation results, assembly or modification of conventional frost heaving equipment is only marginally satisfactory. However, different research results cannot be compared transversely, and the frost heaving process cannot be subjected to inversion analysis, so that the knowledge of slight frost heaving and the development of cold region engineering are severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frozen soil water vapor migration monitoring device which can realize the research on the migration rule of frozen soil water (vapor) under one-dimensional temperature gradient, further discloses the micro frost heaving mechanism of unsaturated coarse-grained soil, and is multifunctional, high in precision and wide in application.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device comprises a sample body, a temperature and humidity regulating mechanism and a monitoring mechanism;
the sample body comprises a soil sample, an inner cylinder for placing the soil sample, an outer cylinder sleeved outside the inner cylinder and heat-insulating cotton wrapped on the periphery of the outer cylinder;
The temperature and humidity regulating mechanism comprises an upper temperature control disc, a lower temperature control disc and a water supplementing unit, wherein the upper temperature control disc is placed in the inner cylinder, the upper temperature control disc is covered above a soil sample, the lower temperature control disc is placed in the outer cylinder, an isolation layer is reserved between the lower temperature control disc and the bottom of the soil sample, and the water supplementing unit comprises a water guide pipe and is connected to the isolation layer through the water guide pipe;
The monitoring mechanism comprises a temperature sensor, a moisture sensor, a displacement meter and a pressure meter, wherein the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor penetrate through the side walls of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to extend into the soil sample, and the displacement meter and the pressure meter are arranged above the soil sample.
Preferably, the side walls of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are provided with mounting holes which are arranged in pairs, each pair of mounting holes comprises a plurality of independent holes formed in the side wall of the inner cylinder and strip-shaped holes formed in the side wall of the outer cylinder, the strip-shaped holes are adaptive to the arrangement paths of the independent holes, and the temperature sensor or the moisture sensor penetrates through the independent holes and the strip-shaped holes in a use state and then extends to the inside of the soil sample.
Preferably, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are cylinders with openings at two ends and hollow inside, the independent holes in each pair of mounting holes are distributed along the height direction of the cylinders, the strip-shaped holes extend along the height direction of the cylinders, and the total length of the strip-shaped holes is larger than the distribution total length of the independent holes.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the outer tube is 2 to 3mm larger than the outer diameter of the inner tube.
Preferably, the side wall of the upper temperature control disc is attached to the inner wall of the inner cylinder, the upper temperature control disc comprises a first upper disc and a first lower disc which are fixed in a superposition manner, a coil is installed at the superposition position of the first upper disc and the first lower disc, the coil is connected with a cold bath hose, a threaded hole is formed in the first upper disc, the threaded hole is connected with a monitoring platform, and the installation position of the displacement meter or the pressure meter is matched with the monitoring platform.
Preferably, the side wall of the lower temperature control disc is attached to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the lower temperature control disc comprises a second upper disc and a second lower disc which are overlapped and fixed, a coil is installed at the overlapped part of the second upper disc and the second lower disc, the coil is connected with a cold bath hose, and a water supplementing channel for avoiding the water guide pipe is arranged on the second upper disc and the second lower disc.
Preferably, the thickness of the isolation layer is 2cm.
Preferably, a water permeable stone or a porous plate is placed in the isolation layer.
Preferably, the frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device further comprises a supporting mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a top cover, a base, a top plate and a bottom plate;
the top cap is connected the top of urceolus, the base is connected the bottom of urceolus, be connected with the support between top cap and the base, top cap and base all include first ring and second ring, the interior radius of first ring is less than the interior radius of second ring, the terminal surface of urceolus offsets with first ring, just the lateral wall of urceolus is limited by the second ring.
Preferably, the top plate and the bottom plate are both flat plates, the bottom plate is connected with the top plate through a fixed column, supporting feet are connected between the first circular ring and the bottom plate, and threaded holes for connecting a displacement meter or a pressure meter are formed in the top plate.
Compared with the prior art, the frozen soil water vapor migration monitoring device provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The sample body comprises two concentric sample cylinders, and vaseline is smeared between the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall for lubrication, so that the phenomenon that the upper temperature control disc cannot move freely due to the fact that moisture is accumulated into ice is avoided, and the generation and measurement of frost heaving capacity are affected; meanwhile, the method has positive effect on preventing environmental heat from spreading along the radial direction of the soil sample.
2. An isolation layer is arranged between the lower temperature control disc and the bottom of the soil sample, and permeable stones or porous plates can be respectively placed according to research objects (liquid water and gaseous water), so that the migration rule of water in different phases under the frozen state of the soil sample can be researched.
3. The instruments for measuring main parameters of the test are all of uniform diameter and fixed on the mounting plate matched with the instruments, so that the multi-parameter measurement test of one device can be realized, and the device has wide applicability.
4. The frost heaving amount is measured by adopting the displacement meter, the communication line is interacted with the data acquisition end in real time, the whole soil sample frost heaving process can be captured, and the measurement accuracy is also greatly improved.
5. The acquisition of each test data (temperature, moisture, displacement and frost heaving force) is automatically carried out by adopting a data acquisition instrument, so that the problem that the normal reading cannot be carried out in the test process is solved, and the dynamic state is truly realized; the artificial workload is greatly reduced; accidental errors caused by manual reading are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sample body, a temperature and humidity control mechanism and a portion of a support mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a part of the construction of the frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the upper temperature control disk and the displacement meter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the water replenishing unit of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the pressure gauge of the present invention.
1. A cold bath hose; 2. a moisture sensor; 3. an inner cylinder; 4. a bracket; 5. an outer cylinder; 6. a lower temperature control disc; 7. a second ring; 8. a top cover; 9. a temperature control disc is arranged on the upper part; 10. a first independent aperture; 11. a temperature sensor; 12. a first bar-shaped hole; 131. a first screw; 132. a second screw; 133. a third screw; 14. a first ring; 15. supporting feet; 16. a water replenishing unit; 1601. a guide rail; 1602. a slide block; 1603. a mahalanobis bottle graduated cylinder; 1604. a hoop; 18. an isolation layer; 19. a groove; 201. a displacement meter communication line; 202. a manometer communication wire; 21. monitoring a platform; 22. thermal insulation cotton; 23. a bottom plate; 241. a first nut; 242. a second nut; 25. a top plate; 26. a displacement meter; 27. fixing the column; 281. a first threaded hole; 282. a second threaded hole; 29. a circulation inlet and outlet; 30. a coiled pipe; 311. a first thread; 312. a second thread; 32. a mounting plate; 33. a soil sample; 34. a pressure gauge.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present; when an element is referred to as being "fixed" to another element, it can be directly fixed to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device comprises a sample body, a temperature and humidity regulating mechanism and a monitoring mechanism.
The sample body of this embodiment includes a soil sample 33, an inner cylinder 3, an outer cylinder 5, and thermal insulation cotton 22. The soil sample 33 is placed in the inner cylinder 3, the outer cylinder 5 is sleeved outside the inner cylinder 3, and the heat preservation cotton 22 is wrapped on the periphery of the outer cylinder 5.
The temperature and humidity regulating mechanism comprises an upper temperature control disc 9, a lower temperature control disc 6 and a water supplementing unit 16, wherein the upper temperature control disc 9 is placed in the inner cylinder 3, the upper temperature control disc 9 is covered above the soil sample 33, the lower temperature control disc 6 is placed in the outer cylinder 5, an isolating layer 18 is reserved between the lower temperature control disc 6 and the bottom of the soil sample 33, and the water supplementing unit 16 comprises a water guide pipe and is connected to the isolating layer 18 through the water guide pipe;
the monitoring mechanism comprises a temperature sensor 11, a moisture sensor 2, a displacement meter 26 and a pressure meter 34, wherein the temperature sensor 11 and the moisture sensor 2 extend to the inside of a soil sample 33 through the side walls of the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 5, and the displacement meter 26 and the pressure meter 34 are arranged above the soil sample 33.
The sample body of the embodiment adopts a concentric double-sleeve design, and an isolation layer 18 is reserved at the bottom of a soil sample 33, so that the purpose of researching gaseous water migration is realized; the interference of the radial propagation of the environmental heat along the soil sample on the temperature field is weakened; the most important is to solve the problem that the inner cylinder 3 and the upper temperature control disk 9 are frozen and cannot move freely due to the accumulation of moisture into ice. The device can realize the research on the migration rule of the frozen soil water (steam) under the one-dimensional temperature gradient, deeply reveals the micro frost heaving mechanism of the unsaturated coarse-grained soil, and has the characteristics of multifunction, high precision, wide application and the like.
In one embodiment, vaseline is uniformly smeared at the contact position of the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 5 to lubricate, so that the inhibition of friction resistance on frost heaving deformation of soil is eliminated; in addition, when filling, the initial water content is strictly controlled, and five layers of compaction forming are carried out according to the calculated compaction degree; the concrete dimensions of the soil sample 33 are 12cm in diameter and 15cm in height, laboratory proportioning can be carried out according to actual working conditions, and undisturbed soil can be directly adopted.
The inner cylinder 3 is made of organic glass, has good weather resistance, higher surface hardness, good low-temperature performance and easy processing, and meets various index requirements of a frost heaving test; the specific dimensions of the inner cylinder 3 are 12cm in inner diameter, 1cm in wall thickness and 20cm in height; in the installation process, vaseline is correspondingly smeared on the outer wall of the outer barrel and lubricated, and the outer barrel 5 is sleeved with the outer barrel.
The outer cylinder 5 is made of organic glass, the height of the outer cylinder 5 is higher than that of the inner cylinder 3, and the outer cylinder 5 is 14cm in inner diameter, 1cm in wall thickness and 30cm in height; the inner diameter of the outer tube 5 is allowed to have a tolerance (not smaller than) of 2 to 3mm, that is, the inner diameter of the outer tube 5 is allowed to be 2 to 3mm larger than the outer diameter of the inner tube 3. The reason why the inner diameter of the outer cylinder 5 is set to have a large tolerance is that: the problem that the lateral limiting force of the inner cylinder 3 is insufficient to resist outward micro-bulge deformation caused by frost heave force is avoided, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are mutually contacted and extruded to generate larger friction resistance to influence the generation and measurement of frost heave, and a certain gap is needed to be reserved so that the inner cylinder 3 in the inner cylinder can freely move.
In one embodiment, in order to facilitate the installation of various sensors, the side walls of the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 5 are provided with installing holes arranged in pairs, each pair of installing holes comprises a plurality of independent holes formed on the side wall of the inner cylinder 3 and a strip-shaped hole formed on the side wall of the outer cylinder 5, the strip-shaped holes are adapted to the arrangement paths of the independent holes, and the temperature sensor 11 or the moisture sensor 2 extends to the inside of the soil sample 33 after penetrating the independent holes and the strip-shaped holes in the use state. It will be readily appreciated that in describing the mounting holes in a paired arrangement, a plurality of individual holes are considered to be integral and are then in paired relationship with the bar-shaped holes. The number of independent holes in each pair of mounting holes is set according to the requirement.
The arrangement direction of the independent holes can be adjusted according to design requirements, for example, the independent holes can be arranged in a straight line or staggered. In an embodiment, the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 5 are cylinders with two open ends and hollow interiors, the plurality of independent holes in each pair of mounting holes are distributed along the height direction of the cylinders (the direction A in FIG. 1 is the height direction of the cylinders), the strip-shaped holes extend along the height direction of the cylinders, and the total length of the extension of the strip-shaped holes is larger than the total length of the distribution of the plurality of independent holes.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, 2 pairs of mounting holes are provided in the side walls of the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylinder 5, one pair of mounting holes being used for mounting the temperature sensor 11, and the other pair of mounting holes being used for mounting the moisture sensor 2. Specifically, a pair of mounting holes for mounting the temperature sensor 11 are: the first independent holes 10 with the interval of 15mm and the inner diameter of 5mm are arranged on one side of the inner cylinder 3, the first independent holes 10 are round holes for installing the temperature sensor 11, the total length of arrangement of the plurality of first independent holes 10 is L1, the corresponding position of the outer cylinder 5 is provided with first strip-shaped holes 12 with the width of 10mm and the height of 150mm, the total length of extension of the first strip-shaped holes 12 is L2, and in order to avoid interference with frost heaving deformation of the soil sample 33, the total length of extension L2 is greater than the total length of arrangement L1.
The other pair of mounting holes for mounting the moisture sensor 2 are: the second independent holes are formed on the side wall of the inner cylinder 3 at the opposite side to the first independent holes 10, and the water sensor 2 is provided with two detection heads, so that the second independent holes are two rows of square through holes (not shown in the figure) with the longitudinal spacing of 30mm, the transverse clear spacing of 8mm and the length of 5mm and the height of 2mm, and the side wall of the outer cylinder 5 is provided with a second strip-shaped hole (not shown in the figure) with the width of 20mm and the height of 150 mm.
The same arrangement of the second strip-shaped holes has the extension total length larger than the arrangement total length of a plurality of second independent holes, reserves space for frost heaving displacement, protects the safety of the sensor, and the outer cylinder 5 mainly plays an auxiliary role without strict requirements on side limiting rigidity, so the strip-shaped holes should be properly widened to reserve a movable space; the angle should be adjusted during the sleeve process so that it can form a complete sensor mounting hole.
In one embodiment, the heat-insulating cotton 22 is made of polystyrene material, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat-insulating cotton is smaller than 0.03W/m/K, so that the transverse loss of heat of the soil sample can be effectively reduced; the outer cylinder 5 is wrapped with a plurality of circles; after the package is completed, the transparent wide adhesive tape is used for winding, so that tightness of the package is ensured, and the monitoring environment is further improved; it is noted that the location of the sensor arrangement should be taken care of during the wrapping process.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the upper temperature control disk 9 is made of a T5 high-quality aluminum material, so that the excellent heat conduction performance of the upper temperature control disk is ensured; the lower surface of the cylinder is closed, smooth and flat, closely contacts with the soil sample 33, the side surface is attached to the inner wall of the inner cylinder 3, and the size of the cylinder is 120mm in diameter and 40mm in height.
The upper temperature control disk 9 is assembled in a manner of comprising a first upper disk and a first lower disk which are overlapped and fixed, wherein the thickness of each upper disk and each lower disk is 2cm, and the upper disks and the lower disks are screwed by using 4M 4X 30 third screws 133; a coil pipe 30 with bidirectional surrounding and single inlet and single outlet is pre-arranged between the first upper disc and the first lower disc, so that the temperature uniformity of each part of the upper temperature control disc 9 can be ensured to the greatest extent; the refrigerant circulating liquid enters and exits the upper temperature control disc 9 through the circulating inlet and outlet 29 and is supplied by an external temperature control cold bath box; the external temperature control cold bath box forms a closed loop with the upper temperature control disc 9 through the cold bath hose 1, thereby realizing temperature control.
The refrigerant circulating liquid in the embodiment adopts high-quality antifreeze, the freezing point is easy to control, and the liquid state can be kept at the lowest temperature of minus 60 ℃; the metal antirust agent is added into the coil pipe, a protective film is formed on the surface of the metal, and the coil pipe 30 cannot be corroded or even blocked in the long-term use process.
The circulation inlet and outlet 29 protrudes out of the upper surface of the upper temperature control disk 9, and the upper port is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cold bath hose 1; the circulation inlet and outlet 29 is extruded into the cold bath hose 1 in the installation process and is fastened by a self-locking nylon ribbon or an installation nut, so that the two are prevented from being separated in the pumping process, and potential safety hazards are prevented.
In order to improve the compactness of part connection, set up the second screw hole 282 on the upper surface of last temperature control dish 9, the second screw 312 that forms used in coordination is connected with it through screwing, and second screw hole 282 threaded connection has monitor platform 21 in this embodiment, and this monitor platform 21 indirectly reflects soil sample frost heaving deformation, and the installation position of displacement meter 26 and manometer 34 suits with this monitor platform to be convenient for acquire most accurate monitoring data.
The cold bath hose 1 adopts a low temperature resistant silica gel semi-transparent tube, has good rebound resilience and smooth inner wall, and can not cause unsmooth water flow due to bending; the flexibility can still be kept at a certain degree in a low temperature state; the chemical property is good, and the refrigerant circulating liquid passing through each component is suitable.
In an embodiment, the side wall of the lower temperature control disc 6 is abutted against the inner wall of the outer barrel 5, the lower temperature control disc 6 comprises a second upper disc and a second lower disc which are overlapped and fixed, and a coil is installed at the overlapped part of the second upper disc and the second lower disc and is connected with a cold bath hose. Since the structure of the lower temperature control disk 6 in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the upper temperature control disk 9, the assembly form of the lower temperature control disk and the installation of the coil are not described in detail.
Unlike the upper temperature-control disk 9, the lower temperature-control disk 6 has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 140mm by a height of 40 mm. The upper surface of the lower temperature control disk 6 is an open filter screen (as shown in fig. 3), the circulation inlet and outlet 29 is arranged on the lower surface, and the circulation inlet and outlet 29 circulates in another external temperature control cold bath box through a cold bath hose, so that the temperature is independently controlled to meet the simulation of more different working conditions; the upper temperature control disk 9 is internally provided with a plurality of water supplementing channels (not shown in the figure) which are used for avoiding the water guide pipe compared with the upper temperature control disk 9 so as to realize the simulation of the groundwater condition.
In one embodiment, the spacer layer 18 is provided to be 2cm thick, and water permeable stones or porous plates are provided, respectively, according to the subject (gaseous water, liquid water).
Specifically, when the study object is liquid water, 2cm thick permeable stone is arranged at the isolation layer 18, the water supplementing height is adjusted, and the bottom of the soil sample 33 is ensured to be in contact with water after the soil sample 33 is overflowed; when the object of investigation is gaseous water, a porous plate with a thickness of 2cm and a proper aperture ratio is selected according to the porosity of the soil sample 33 to be placed on the isolation layer 18, and the maximum height of water supply is set to be lower than the bottom surface of the soil sample 33, so that the soil sample 33 is not directly contacted with liquid water.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the water replenishing unit adopts a mahalanobis bottle measuring cylinder to adjust the water replenishing height, the water replenishing unit comprises a guide rail 1601 fixed outside (back or side) of the incubator, the guide rail 1601 is matched with upper and lower 2 sliding blocks 1602, a hoop 1604 is matched with each sliding block 1602, and a knob of the hoop 1604 is screwed to clamp the mahalanobis bottle measuring cylinder 1603. During the water replenishing process, the position of the sliding block 1602 is adjusted, the wrench is rotated to fix the Marshall cylinder 1603 to the ideal height, and then water replenishing is performed. It should be noted that, the cylinder 1603 with Guan Mashi bottles, the water replenishing mode and the fixing mode of the slide block are all the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
In one embodiment, the monitoring system includes a temperature sensor 11, a moisture sensor 2, and a displacement meter 26. It should be noted that, the displacement gauge 26 and the pressure gauge 34 in the present invention are used for measuring the deformation position and the frost heaving force of the frost heaving soil sample, respectively, and the displacement gauge 26 and the pressure gauge 34 may be selected according to the test requirement, and may be used alternatively or sequentially.
The temperature sensor 11 adopts a PT100 thermal resistance type sensor, and has the diameter of 0.4cm and the length of 3cm; the temperature of each layer of the soil sample 33 can be reflected by recording the resistance data in real time, and the precision can reach +/-0.02 ℃; inserting the reserved first independent hole 10 into the soil sample 33; before use, calibrating at a plurality of standard temperatures, wherein the final measured temperature can be obtained through the following conversion:
Wherein T is the measured temperature (DEG C), A, B, X a、Yb、Zc is the calibration fitting coefficient, R is the resistance value (omega) acquired by the data acquisition instrument, and R 0 is the wire resistance (omega) except the thermal resistance.
The moisture sensor 2 adopts a Decagon EC-5 small-sized soil moisture sensor, the size is 8.9X1.8X10.7 cm, wherein the probe is 5.6cm long, 1.5cm wide and 0.15cm thick; capacitance data can be recorded in real time to reflect the volume water content of each layer of the soil sample 33, and the accuracy can reach +/-3% VWC (EC <8 dS/m); the applicable temperature is between 40 ℃ below zero and 50 ℃; inserting a second independent hole into the soil sample 33; the device has the advantages of small and exquisite and simple structure, strong waterproof capability, strong corrosion resistance, high measurement accuracy, reliable performance, less influence by the salt content of soil and the like.
One way of installing the sensor is as follows: before the soil sample 33 is filled in the inner cylinder 3, a metal embedded part with the size similar to that of the sensor probe can be inserted, and after the compaction work of the soil sample 33 is completed, the embedded part is pulled out and then the sensor is inserted. The mounting mode has two advantages: firstly, avoiding secondary disturbance of the compacted soil sample due to the sensor insertion; secondly, the occurrence of the condition that the sensor is difficult to insert after the soil sample is compacted is prevented, the sensor is protected from being damaged in the inserting process, and the service life is prolonged.
The displacement meter 26 adopts an IL-065 laser displacement sensor of Keyence, and the size is 4 multiplied by 2 multiplied by 4cm; the displacement of incident light on the CMOS can be recorded in real time to reflect the frost heaving capacity of the soil sample 33, the repetition precision is 2um, the linearity is +/-0.1 percent F.S, and the reference distance is 65mm; the applicable temperature range is-10-50 ℃ (most of research conditions can be met, and if the research conditions are not met, the contact displacement meter with the same level can be replaced); the second screw 132 and second nut 242 of 2M 3.5 are used to secure the mounting plate 32 to its appropriate size (as shown in fig. 4).
The machining mounting plate 32 is molded with the first screw 311 and screwed with the first screw hole 281 by rotation; the assembled sample body is then moved so that the red semiconductor laser (wavelength 655 nm) emitted by the displacement meter 26 is centered as much as possible on the monitoring platform 21.
The monitoring platform 21 and the second thread 312 are formed, so that the upper surface of the monitoring platform is smooth and flat, and the risk of measurement errors caused by foundation deflection is avoided; by rotating the screw-in hole 282, the same displacement amount as the upper temperature control disk 9 is maintained.
After the assembly of the rest parts is completed, the displacement meter communication line 201 is adhered to the top plate 25 by using an adhesive tape, so that the measurement is prevented from being influenced by the gravity; the tail end of the device is connected with an external data acquisition instrument through a specific outlet.
The temperature sensor 11, the moisture sensor 2, the displacement meter 26 and the pressure meter 34 all support data acquisition, and the DT80 data acquisition device of DATATAKER can be connected with a series of sensors through analog and digital channels, a high-speed counter, pulse input, a programmable sensor and a serial channel interface to realize data acquisition of temperature, voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, bridge and frequency at the same time; the problem that normal reading cannot be performed in the test process is solved, and the dynamic state is truly realized; the artificial workload is greatly reduced; accidental errors caused by manual reading are avoided.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the embodiment can realize the measurement of the frost heaving force of the frozen soil; the monitoring platform 21 is replaced by a cylinder, the monitoring platform is rotationally screwed to the first threaded hole 281 and the second threaded hole 282 through the first threads 311 and the second threads 312, the pressure gauge 34 is arranged between the monitoring platform and the second threaded hole 282, and the pressure gauge communication line 202 of the pressure gauge 34 is connected with an external data acquisition instrument through a specific outlet; the other components are assembled in the same way.
In one embodiment, the frozen soil moisture migration monitoring device further comprises a support mechanism comprising a top cover 8, a base, a top plate 25 and a bottom plate 23.
The bottom plate 23 and the top plate 25 are flat plates, and are respectively an upper top steel plate and a lower supporting steel plate of the incubator, and compared with the traditional incubator, the upper top steel plate and the lower supporting steel plate of the incubator need to be properly thickened, so that the requirements on rigidity under the frost heaving force or loading condition can be met, and the upper top steel plate and the lower supporting steel plate are basic conditions for realizing the multifunctional use of the invention. The incubator is an effective means for maintaining a test environment, and the monitoring device disclosed by the invention is also placed in the incubator.
The bottom plate 23 and the top plate 25 are connected with the fixed column 27, the bottom plate 23 and the top plate 25 are connected by the aid of threads at two ends of the fixed column 27 through the first nut 241, the top plate 25 is provided with a threaded hole for connecting the displacement meter 26 or the pressure meter 34, the clear distance between the two fixed columns 27 is larger than that of an assembled sample body, a certain operation space is reserved, the purpose is to reduce the span at two ends, and the plate body is prevented from bending deformation when load or frost heaving force is applied, so that the accuracy of results is influenced.
The top cap 8 is connected at the top of urceolus 5, and the bottom at urceolus 5 is connected to the base, is connected with support 4 between top cap 8 and the base, is connected with supporting legs 15 between base and the bottom plate 23, and with the whole aerial of sample body certain height on bottom plate 23, reserve the return bend space of lower part cold bath hose 1 and aqueduct, avoid leading to the jam because the roll over the pipe.
In order to avoid the extension of each pipe body, the structures of the top cover 8 and the base are respectively arranged to comprise a first circular ring 14 and a second circular ring 7, and the first circular ring 14 and the second circular ring 7 are overlapped and fixed.
The first circular ring 14 is reserved with threaded holes comprising 4 supporting legs 15, 4 brackets 4 and 4 first screws 131, and the hollow inner circle of the first circular ring 14 is used as an extension channel of the cold bath hose 1 and the water guide pipe; and for placing the lower temperature control disk 6, the inner diameter of the first circular ring 14 is smaller than the diameter of the lower temperature control disk 6.
The second ring 7 is fixed to the first ring 14 by 4 first screws 131; the inner radius of the first circular ring 14 is smaller than that of the second circular ring 7, so that after the first circular ring 14 and the second circular ring 7 are overlapped and fixed, the difference of the inner diameters of the first circular ring 14 and the second circular ring 7 forms a groove 19; the outer cylinder 5 is placed in this recess 19 with the end face of the outer cylinder 5 abutting against the first ring 14, the side wall of the outer cylinder 5 being limited by the second ring 7. The groove 19 limits the horizontal displacement of the outer cylinder 5 and the lower temperature control disk 6, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the outer cylinder 5 and the lower temperature control disk, so that the tightness of the equipment is ensured. The O-shaped sealing ring is made of silica gel material and mainly plays a role in sealing and seepage prevention; the tightness of the lower structure is a precondition for ensuring the accuracy of the water replenishing data, and if the expected water replenishing data does not reach the expected water replenishing data, glass cement can be added for sealing; the glass cement has good sealing and low temperature resistance, and is convenient to detach and process.
The top cover 8 and the base are assembled to adapt to soil samples of different sizes, and only the second circular rings 7 with different inner diameters are needed to be replaced during the process.
The base and the top cover 8 are connected through 4 brackets 4, the outer cylinder 5 is inlaid in the upper groove and the lower groove, and the vertical displacement of the outer cylinder 5 is limited after the connection is completed, but the outer cylinder 3 is not influenced at all, and the test expectation is met. In order to improve the heat preservation effect on the sample cylinder, the heat preservation cotton 22 can be wrapped on the outer side of the bracket 4.
Factors affecting frost heaving of soil include: soil, moisture, temperature, load, and structure; the invention can regulate and test the factors, and more importantly, a testing method for the migration of frozen soil gaseous water is introduced, and the problem that the upper temperature control disc and the sample cylinder are frozen and cannot move is solved.
The operational flow of one embodiment of the frozen soil water vapor migration monitoring device is as follows:
1. The assembly connection comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, an upper temperature control disk, a lower temperature control disk, a base, a temperature sensor, a moisture sensor, a laser displacement meter, a data acquisition instrument, a cold bath hose and the like.
2. And carrying out no-load test according to a test scheme, measuring the compensation temperature between the actually measured temperature and the set temperature, and then adjusting a temperature control equation to accurately control the test temperature.
3. The soil sample is firstly placed in an oven for drying, and the soil sample and water are uniformly stirred according to the water content required by a test scheme and then are placed in a moisturizing vessel for standing for 24 hours so that the water is uniformly distributed; then, the soil sample is layered and put into a machine glass inner cylinder with the inner wall coated with Vaseline lubrication, and five layers of compaction and forming are carried out according to the calculated compactness, so that an expected soil body sample is obtained.
4. Inserting a temperature sensor and a moisture sensor into the soil; and sealing certain open parts by sealant according to the requirement; and then wrapping the heat preservation cotton for a plurality of circles outside the sample outer cylinder.
5. Installing a laser displacement meter to enable the laser point beam to face the center of the positioning platform; fixing a Marshall cylinder to enable the water supplementing height to reach the expected value, and recording; closing the working window.
6. Setting temperature control parameters and a data acquisition mode at a computer end; after the test period is reached, data are derived and plotted for analysis.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device is characterized by comprising a sample body, a temperature and humidity regulating mechanism and a monitoring mechanism;
the sample body comprises a soil sample, an inner cylinder for placing the soil sample, an outer cylinder sleeved outside the inner cylinder and heat-insulating cotton wrapped on the periphery of the outer cylinder;
The temperature and humidity regulating mechanism comprises an upper temperature control disc, a lower temperature control disc and a water supplementing unit, wherein the upper temperature control disc is placed in the inner cylinder, the upper temperature control disc is covered above a soil sample, the lower temperature control disc is placed in the outer cylinder, an isolation layer is reserved between the lower temperature control disc and the bottom of the soil sample, the water supplementing unit comprises a water guide pipe and is connected to the isolation layer through the water guide pipe, and permeable stones or porous plates are placed in the isolation layer;
The monitoring mechanism comprises a temperature sensor, a moisture sensor, a displacement meter and a pressure meter, wherein the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor penetrate through the side walls of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and extend into the soil sample, and the displacement meter and the pressure meter are arranged above the soil sample;
The side walls of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are provided with mounting holes which are arranged in pairs, each pair of mounting holes comprises a plurality of independent holes formed in the side wall of the inner cylinder and strip-shaped holes formed in the side wall of the outer cylinder, the strip-shaped holes are adapted to the arrangement paths of the independent holes, and the temperature sensor or the moisture sensor penetrates through the independent holes and the strip-shaped holes and extends towards the inside of the soil sample in the use state;
The inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are hollow cylinders with openings at two ends, vaseline is uniformly smeared at the contact positions of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a plurality of independent holes in each pair of mounting holes are distributed along the height direction of the cylinders, the strip-shaped holes extend along the height direction of the cylinders, and the total length of the extension of the strip-shaped holes is larger than the total length of the distribution of the independent holes; the inner diameter of the outer cylinder is 2-3 mm larger than the outer diameter of the inner cylinder.
2. The frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the upper temperature control disc is abutted against the inner wall of the inner cylinder, the upper temperature control disc comprises a first upper disc and a first lower disc which are overlapped and fixed, a coil is installed at the overlapped part of the first upper disc and the first lower disc, the coil is connected with a cold bath hose, a threaded hole is formed in the first upper disc, the threaded hole is connected with a monitoring platform, and the installation position of the displacement meter or the pressure meter is matched with the monitoring platform.
3. The frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the lower temperature control disc is abutted against the inner wall of the outer barrel, the lower temperature control disc comprises a second upper disc and a second lower disc which are overlapped and fixed, a coil is installed at the overlapped part of the second upper disc and the second lower disc, the coil is connected with a cold bath hose, and a water supplementing channel for avoiding the water guide pipe is arranged on the second upper disc and the second lower disc.
4. The frozen earth moisture migration monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the barrier layer has a thickness of 2cm.
5. The frozen earth moisture migration monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a support mechanism comprising a top cover, a base, a top plate, and a bottom plate;
the top cap is connected the top of urceolus, the base is connected the bottom of urceolus, be connected with the support between top cap and the base, top cap and base all include first ring and second ring, the interior radius of first ring is less than the interior radius of second ring, the terminal surface of urceolus offsets with first ring, just the lateral wall of urceolus is limited by the second ring.
6. The frozen soil vapor migration monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein the top plate and the bottom plate are both flat plates, the bottom plate is connected with the top plate through a fixed column, supporting feet are connected between the first circular ring and the bottom plate, and threaded holes for connecting a displacement meter or a pressure meter are formed in the top plate.
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| CN112903424B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-04-18 | 中国能源建设集团江苏省电力设计院有限公司 | Integrated multifunctional rock-soil body thermal performance in-situ tester |
| CN113447640B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-14 | 江苏中云筑智慧运维研究院有限公司 | Test device and method for realizing unsaturated soil water-gas thermal-power coupling effect |
| CN114894693B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-03-28 | 河南理工大学 | Small-size rock core permeability testing method and device |
| CN116242870A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-06-09 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Dynamic online measurement system for soil mass freeze thawing water migration |
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