CN112858138A - Seepage test device and method for porous medium freeze thawing process - Google Patents
Seepage test device and method for porous medium freeze thawing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112858138A CN112858138A CN202110240356.2A CN202110240356A CN112858138A CN 112858138 A CN112858138 A CN 112858138A CN 202110240356 A CN202110240356 A CN 202110240356A CN 112858138 A CN112858138 A CN 112858138A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012424 Freeze-thaw process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012520 frozen sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seepage test device and a test method for a porous medium freeze-thaw process. The device is composed of a seepage system, a flow speed and pressure control system, a temperature control system and a data acquisition system. The seepage system comprises a sample holder, a sample plug, a seepage injection pump and seepage; the temperature control system comprises a cooling plate, a low-temperature chord change control groove and a heat insulation material; the flow rate and pressure control is realized by a constant pressure and constant flow metering pump; the data acquisition system comprises a temperature probe, a salinity probe, a piezometer tube and a corresponding data acquisition unit. The invention has simple structure and simple operation, can realize the simulation of the whole process from normal temperature to low temperature to freezing and then to melting, can measure the saturated permeability hydraulic parameters of the porous medium in the freezing and thawing process, and has high test precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seepage tests, in particular to a porous medium seepage test device and a test method under a freeze-thaw condition.
Background
Soil layers frozen in winter and completely melted in summer are seasonal frozen soil. The seasonal frozen soil in China is mainly distributed in the area 30 degrees north of the north latitude, and accounts for about 53.3 percent of the land area in China. The permeability of a porous medium of a freezing and thawing layer is directly changed in the freezing and thawing process, and the hydrologic cycle process of a seasonal frozen soil area is further influenced. The research on the seepage characteristics of the porous medium in the freezing and thawing process has important significance on the water resource evolution of seasonal frozen soil regions and the sustainable development, utilization and protection of water resources.
Since freeze-thaw action occurs primarily in the near-surface region, current experimental research focuses primarily on the problem of moisture and solute migration during freeze-thaw in unsaturated zones. Under the conditions of different water saturation, the research on permeability evolution in the freezing and thawing process of the porous medium needs to be carried out deeply.
The existing test device for simulating seepage in the freeze-thaw process generally controls the temperature of a sample through the top end and the bottom end and monitors the temperature and the pressure through the side wall, but the following problems and disadvantages still exist:
(1) at present, in the process of freezing and thawing test, the simulation of the freezing and thawing process is mainly realized by means of instantaneous freezing and instantaneous temperature return of a freezing pump or trapezoidal temperature reduction and trapezoidal temperature return, the actual temperature change process of the nature is closer to chordal change, the freezing and thawing process simulated by the existing test device is not consistent with the temperature change process of the nature, and the test result cannot represent the real natural freezing and thawing process.
(2) At present, in the process of freeze thawing test, the refrigerating fluid passes through the cooling fluid inlet pipe and the cooling fluid outlet pipe and goes out of the cooling plate on the upper surface, the planar uniform cooling and heating of the top and the bottom of the test sample cannot be well controlled, and the cooling plate structures at the top and the bottom need to be redesigned to realize the uniform distribution of the temperature.
(3) At present, the mode of wrapping a heat-insulating material outside a seepage test sample holder is generally adopted, and the influence of the external environment on the temperature of a test sample cannot be avoided.
(4) When an existing freeze-thaw test system carries out a seepage test, a sample is usually frozen firstly, then the frozen sample seepage test is carried out, the freezing-seepage process is manually split into two independent processes, and the permeability evolution law under different freezing conditions cannot be simulated.
Therefore, at present, a test device and a method for porous medium seepage aiming at the seepage occurrence process in the natural freeze-thaw process, which are accurate, scientific and comprehensive, are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of the existing freeze-thaw test device and provides a porous medium seepage test device and a test method which accord with the seepage generation process in the natural freeze-thaw process.
In order to solve the defects of the existing test device, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a seepage test device for a freezing and thawing process of a porous medium comprises a seepage system, a flow velocity and pressure control system, a temperature control system, an experimental device bracket and a data acquisition system;
further, the seepage system includes a specimen holder and a water flow simulation system.
Further, the flow rate and pressure control system comprises a constant-pressure and constant-flow metering pump and a pressure measuring pipe, and the constant-pressure and constant-flow metering pump is externally connected with the sample holder.
Wherein, the sample holder is internally provided with a sample.
The water flow simulation system is connected with the high-precision constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump, and water injection pressure and flow rate are controlled.
Preferably, the sample holder is a hollow double-barrel plexiglas column with a diameter of 30cm and a height of 50 cm.
Preferably, the specimen holder is provided with a vacuum extraction hole.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a water inlet positioned at the upper part and a water outlet positioned at the lower part, and the structure of the device is the same.
The water inlet positioned at the upper part comprises a seepage water inlet pipe, a cooling plate, a sample plug and a nylon net, and the seepage water inlet pipe penetrates through the cooling plate to be connected with an inlet at the upper part of the corresponding sample plug.
The water outlet at the lower part comprises a seepage water outlet pipe, a cooling plate, a sample plug and a nylon net, and the seepage water outlet pipe penetrates through the cooling plate to be connected with the outlet at the lower part of the corresponding sample plug.
The nylon net is arranged between the sample plug and the sample and used for avoiding the influence of factors such as water flow impact on the surface layer of the sample.
Preferably, the material of sample end cap is the aluminum alloy, and its surface distributes has the slot to make rivers evenly distributed in the sample.
Furthermore, the flow rate and pressure control system comprises a high-precision constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump, and the constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump is externally connected with the sample holder to realize the control of water injection pressure and flow rate.
Further, the temperature control system comprises a cooling plate, a low-temperature chordal change control groove and a heat insulation material.
Wherein, evenly lay a plurality of discharge orifices in the upper surface edge of cooling plate, and the centre is provided with coolant liquid feed liquor hole.
Preferably, the cooling plate is an aluminum alloy disc with a hollow interior and good heat transfer performance, and 10 outflow holes are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the cooling plate.
Preferably, the heat insulating material is a heat insulating product with the thickness of about 4cm, and is wrapped outside the sample holder.
Further, the device also comprises a cooling liquid return pipe and a cooling liquid return liquid collector.
Wherein, the circulating refrigerating fluid is collected to the cooling fluid reflux liquid collector by 10 outflow holes through a cooling fluid return pipe connected with each hole; the cooling liquid reflux liquid collector discharges the cooling liquid to the low-temperature chordal transformation control tank through a liquid outlet at the top.
The low-temperature chordal transformer control tank outputs and recovers circulating refrigerating fluid, and is externally connected with the temperature controller, so that chordal transformer control of the temperature in the test process is realized.
Furthermore, the data acquisition system comprises a temperature probe, a salinity probe, a piezometer tube and a corresponding data acquisition unit.
Preferably, the data acquisition system consists of 4 temperature probes, 4 salinity probes, 4 piezometers and corresponding data acquisition devices.
The probes and the piezometer tubes are arranged on the side surface of the sample holder from high to low, and the monitoring end of each probe penetrates through the heat insulation material and is embedded in the sample.
Each probe is connected with a data acquisition instrument, and data are monitored in real time in the test process.
Further, the device also comprises a bracket which is composed of a tray, a long screw rod and a nut and is used for fixing the sample holder.
Preferably, the bracket comprises two trays, 6 long screws and 12 nuts.
In addition, the technical scheme adopted by the invention also comprises the following steps:
a testing method of a porous medium seepage testing device in a freeze-thaw process comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting the heights of an upper tray and a lower tray of a bracket of the device, and placing a sample holder on the lower tray of the bracket;
(2) filling a sample into the sample holder, arranging a temperature probe, a salt probe and a piezometer tube, placing a nylon net on the upper part of the sample holder after the sample is filled, and installing a sample plug and a cooling plate;
(3) adjusting the position of the upper tray, so that the upper tray and the lower tray clamp the sample holder, and the heat insulation material is wrapped outside the sample holder;
(4) slowly filling and releasing water to the sample holder;
(5) vacuumizing the sample holder through a vacuum pumping hole, and then closing the vacuum pumping hole;
(6) starting a temperature control system to set the temperature of the top and the bottom of the sample, wherein when the internal temperature of the sample reaches a specified temperature, a seepage test is carried out;
(7) and controlling the water injection pressure and flow rate by using a constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump to perform a seepage test, and collecting data in real time through a data collector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can realize the natural change control of the test temperature through the temperature controller externally connected with the low-temperature chord change control groove according to the actual outdoor temperature condition, so that the temperature change in the freeze-thaw test process is consistent with the actual outdoor temperature change.
(2) According to the invention, on the basis of the method that the thermal insulation material is wrapped outside the test holder which is widely adopted at present, the double-barrel organic glass is designed to be used as the test sample holder, and the method that the sealing and vacuumizing are carried out between the double barrels is adopted, so that the influence of the external environment temperature on the sample in the sample holder in the test process is reduced to a greater extent.
(3) The invention controls the water injection pressure and flow rate by connecting the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure metering pump, and ensures the seepage test precision under different working conditions.
(4) The invention designs a hollow disc type cooling plate structure, wherein 10 flow outlet holes are uniformly distributed at the edge of the upper surface of the hollow disc type cooling plate structure, and a cooling liquid inlet hole is arranged in the middle of the hollow disc type cooling plate structure, so that cooling liquid can enter the center and exit the periphery, and the uniform distribution of the temperature on the cooling plate is well realized.
(5) The invention realizes the application of stable temperature boundary conditions to the sample through the top cooling plate and the bottom cooling plate, and truly simulates the temperature field change in the natural freezing and thawing process.
(6) The invention monitors the test process in real time through the data acquisition system, thereby avoiding the error caused by artificial reading.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seepage testing device in a freezing and thawing process of a porous medium.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cold plate system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensor layout.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample stopper.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a holder and a tray for holding the test device.
In the drawings, the numerical numbers respectively represent: the device comprises a sample holder 1, a heat insulation material 2, a sample 3, a sample plug 4, a nylon mesh 5, a cooling plate 6, a low-temperature chordal variation control tank 7, a cooling liquid inlet pipe 8, a cooling liquid outlet pipe 9, a pressure measuring pipe 10, a salinity probe 11, a temperature probe 12, a constant-pressure constant-current metering pump 13, a seepage water inlet pipe 14, a seepage water outlet pipe 15, a cooling liquid return pipe 16, a cooling liquid return liquid collector 17, a vacuum air suction hole 18, a tray 19, a screw cap 20 and a long screw rod 21.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "wrapped", "mounted", "placed", "secured", "passed", "connected", and the like are to be construed broadly. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the seepage test device for the freezing and thawing process of the porous medium comprises a sample holder 1, wherein a double-cylinder organic glass column is vacuumized through a vacuum pumping hole 18 of the holder before the test; the sample holder is externally wrapped with a heat insulation material 2, and a sample 3 is filled in the sample holder; the upper part and the lower part of the sample are respectively provided with a sample plug 4, and a layer of nylon net 5 is arranged between the sample and the sample plug; the upper part and the lower part of the sample holder are respectively provided with a cooling plate 6; the low-temperature chord change control tank 7 outputs cold liquid, the refrigerant liquid enters from a central liquid inlet hole of the cooling plate through a refrigerant liquid inlet pipe 8 and is discharged from a water outlet hole on the surface of the cooling plate, and the discharged refrigerant liquid is converged to a refrigerant liquid return liquid collector 17 through a refrigerant liquid return pipe 16; then, the cooling liquid is discharged to the low-temperature chordal variation control tank through an outlet at the upper part of the gathering device and a cooling liquid outlet pipe 9; a pressure measuring pipe 10, a salinity probe 11 and a temperature probe 12 are arranged on the side surface of the sample holder, and the sample holder is externally connected with a constant-pressure constant-current metering pump 13; water passes through a seepage water inlet pipe 14 outside the constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump, passes through the cooling plate and the sample plug, and enters the sample through the nylon net; and finally discharged by a seepage water outlet pipe 15 positioned at the lower part of the sample holder. The constant pressure constant flow metering pump 13 controls the sample inlet and outlet seepage pressure. The entire test device is held between two circular ring trays 19 as shown in figure 5. The two trays are each secured by nuts 20 to 6 long screws 21 passing through the trays.
The implementation process of the invention is as follows:
(1) the height of the upper tray and the lower tray of the seepage test device bracket is adjusted, and the hollow double-layer organic glass column, namely the sample holder is placed on the lower tray of the test device bracket.
(2) Sample filling and data acquisition probe layout: and (3) filling a test sample into the sample holder, and distributing a temperature probe, a salinity probe and a piezometer tube of the data acquisition system at corresponding positions according to experimental design in the filling process. After the sample is filled, a nylon net is placed at the top, and an upper plug and a cooling plate are installed. The plug, the cooling plate and the inner cylinder of the sample holder are sealed by a rubber ring.
(3) The position of the upper tray is adjusted by a nut on the screw, so that the upper tray and the lower tray clamp the sample holder.
(4) The connection of the various components of the experimental set-up to the data acquisition system was done according to fig. 1. After the installation of the seepage system is completed, the heat insulation material is wrapped outside the sample holder.
(5) And slowly filling and releasing water to the sample holder, and completing different sample saturation degrees according to the experimental design.
(6) The hollow double-cylinder organic glass column is vacuumized through the vacuum pumping hole of the sample holder, and then the vacuum pumping hole is closed.
(7) The temperature control system was started for sample top and bottom temperature settings. When the internal temperature of the sample reaches the designated temperature, the seepage test can be carried out.
(8) And controlling the water injection pressure and flow rate by using a constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump to perform a seepage test. The data collector starts to collect data in real time.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a porous medium freeze thawing process seepage flow test device which characterized in that:
the experimental device comprises a seepage system, a flow speed and pressure control system, a temperature control system, an experimental device bracket and a data acquisition system; wherein,
the seepage system comprises a sample holder and a water flow simulation system;
the flow rate and pressure control system comprises a constant-pressure and constant-flow metering pump and a pressure measuring pipe, and the constant-pressure and constant-flow metering pump is externally connected with the sample holder;
the temperature control system comprises a cooling plate, a low-temperature chord change control groove, a temperature probe and a heat insulation material;
the experimental device bracket comprises an upper tray and a lower tray, and the sample holder is attached between the upper tray and the lower tray;
the data acquisition system comprises a temperature probe, a salinity probe, a piezometer tube and a corresponding data acquisition unit;
wherein, the low temperature chord change control groove is connected with a temperature controller for realizing that the experimental temperature changes according to the natural temperature change.
2. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the device also comprises a water inlet at the upper part and a water outlet at the lower part, wherein,
the water inlet at the upper part comprises a seepage water inlet pipe, a cooling plate, a sample plug and a nylon net, and the seepage water inlet pipe penetrates through the cooling plate and is connected with the inlet at the upper part of the corresponding sample plug;
the water outlet at the lower part comprises a seepage water outlet pipe, a cooling plate, a sample plug and a nylon net, and the seepage water outlet pipe penetrates through the cooling plate and is connected with the outlet at the lower part of the corresponding sample plug;
wherein the nylon net is arranged between the sample plug and the sample;
the material of the sample plug is aluminum alloy, and grooves are distributed on the surface of the sample plug.
3. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the sample holder is a hollow double-cylinder organic glass column which is provided with a vacuum extraction hole, and a sample is placed in the sample holder;
the water flow simulation system is connected with the constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump.
4. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the cooling plate is an aluminum alloy disc with a hollow inner part, wherein,
a plurality of outflow holes are uniformly distributed at the edge of the upper surface of the cooling plate, and a cooling liquid inlet hole is formed in the middle of the cooling plate.
5. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the device also comprises a cooling liquid return pipe and a cooling liquid return liquid collector, wherein,
the cooling plate is connected with the cooling liquid backflow liquid collector through the cooling liquid return pipe, so that circulating cooling liquid is collected to the cooling liquid backflow liquid collector through the cooling liquid return pipes connected with the holes through the plurality of outflow holes.
6. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the cooling liquid reflux liquid collector discharges circulating cooling liquid to the low-temperature chordal change control tank through a top liquid outlet; wherein,
the low-temperature chord change control groove outputs and recovers circulating refrigerating fluid, and is externally connected with the temperature controller.
7. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the temperature probe and/or the salt probe and the piezometer tube are arranged on the side surface of the sample holder from high to low.
8. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the monitoring end of the temperature probe and/or the salt probe penetrates through the heat insulation material and is embedded in the sample; wherein,
the insulation is a thermal insulation product which is wrapped outside the sample holder.
9. The porous medium freeze-thaw process seepage testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and the temperature probe and/or the salt probe are/is connected with the data acquisition unit.
10. A test method for a seepage test in a freeze-thaw process of a porous medium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adjusting the heights of an upper tray and a lower tray of a bracket of the device, and placing a sample holder on the lower tray of the bracket;
(2) filling a sample into the sample holder, arranging a temperature probe, a salt probe and a piezometer tube, placing a nylon net on the upper part of the sample holder after the sample is filled, and installing a sample plug and a cooling plate;
(3) adjusting the position of the upper tray, so that the upper tray and the lower tray clamp the sample holder, and the heat insulation material is wrapped outside the sample holder;
(4) slowly filling and releasing water to the sample holder;
(5) vacuumizing the sample holder through a vacuum pumping hole, and then closing the vacuum pumping hole;
(6) starting a temperature control system to set the temperature of the top and the bottom of the sample, wherein when the internal temperature of the sample reaches a specified temperature, a seepage test is carried out;
(7) and controlling the water injection pressure and flow rate by using a constant-pressure constant-flow metering pump to perform a seepage test, and collecting data in real time through a data collector.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110031367A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-19 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | A kind of frozen soil steam migration monitoring device |
| CN113848165A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-28 | 天津大学 | Simulation system and method for coupling effect of seepage field and temperature field |
| CN115372417A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-22 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Experimental method and device for monitoring ablation of ice in rock and soil body under seepage effect |
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