CN115236115A - Testing device and method for simulating slope erosion in freeze-thaw cycle - Google Patents
Testing device and method for simulating slope erosion in freeze-thaw cycle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115236115A CN115236115A CN202210728279.XA CN202210728279A CN115236115A CN 115236115 A CN115236115 A CN 115236115A CN 202210728279 A CN202210728279 A CN 202210728279A CN 115236115 A CN115236115 A CN 115236115A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a method for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion, which overcome the problem that the freeze-thaw cycle can not be quantitatively analyzed for slope erosion, and comprise a test box, a slope simulation device, an environment simulation device, a monitoring system, a water and soil collection device and a data acquisition control system; the test box is installed on a foundation, the slope simulator is installed on a box bottom plate at the left side in the test box, a refrigeration compressor of the environment simulator is positioned on a box bottom plate below a test groove in the slope simulator, and a vertical side-blowing air curtain of the environment simulator is installed at the right side of the test groove; the monitoring system is arranged on the slope simulation device and is connected with the data acquisition control system through a USB (universal serial bus) line; the data acquisition control system is connected with the environment simulation device through a wire; the water and soil collecting device is arranged on a box bottom plate between the side slope simulation device and the vertical side blowing curtain, and a residue collecting barrel and a weighing module of the water and soil collecting device are superposed; the data acquisition control system is arranged on the right side of the test box, and a test method is further provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device belonging to the technical field of slope erosion, in particular to a test device and a method for simulating the slope erosion caused by freeze-thaw cycles.
Background
China is the third frozen soil major country in the world, the distribution area of the permafrost accounts for about 21.5 percent of the total area of the land territory, and the seasonal frozen soil area is as high as 53.5 percent. Due to the influence of natural environment change and artificial activities, freeze-thaw disasters such as hot melt slumping, frost heaving hills, thaw collapse, frost heaving and the like related to the frozen soil change exist in seasonal frozen soil areas, and the existence and development of the freeze-thaw disasters bring great influence to the environment and development of the frozen soil areas. The freeze-thaw cycle, as a specific form of temperature change, can be understood as a special form of strong weathering, which has a strong influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. For the side slope of the seasonal frozen soil area, the side slope can be roughly divided into a positive freezing landslide, a freeze-thaw landslide and a positive thawing landslide according to the characteristics of the instability of the side slope and the occurrence period of damage.
Most of the existing slope freeze-thaw erosion test devices are used for measuring the stress-strain relation of a slope soil body, and cannot quantitatively analyze the slope deformation and the mass loss.
Therefore, a testing device and a testing method capable of fully simulating the slope erosion under the action of freeze-thaw cycles are needed, and the root causes of slope erosion and even slope damage under the action of freeze-thaw are analyzed by fully considering the natural temperature and humidity conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the slope erosion caused by freeze-thaw cycles cannot be quantitatively analyzed in the prior art, and provides a test device and a method for simulating freeze-thaw cycles.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion comprises a test box, a slope simulation device, an environment simulation device, a monitoring system, a water and soil collection device and a data acquisition control system;
the test box is arranged on the foundation, the slope simulator is arranged on the left side of the inner cavity of the test box, the refrigeration compressor in the environment simulator is arranged on the box bottom plate of the test box right below the test groove in the slope simulator, and the vertical side-blowing air curtain in the environment simulator is arranged on the right side of the test groove; the monitoring system is arranged on the slope simulation device and connected with the data acquisition control system through a USB data line; the water and soil collecting device is arranged on a box bottom plate of the test box between the side slope simulation device and the vertical side-blown air curtain, and a residue collecting barrel and a weighing module in the water and soil collecting device are vertically superposed; the data acquisition control system is arranged on the right side of the test box, and the data acquisition control system is connected with the environment simulation device through a line.
The test box in the technical scheme comprises a main box body, a rubber and plastic heat-insulation plate and 8 universal wheels with the same structure; the main box body is a cuboid hollow box body part with an opening at the top end; the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate is a rectangular flat plate, the length and the width of the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate are equal to those of the main box body, and the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate with excellent performances of water resistance, low heat conductivity coefficient, shock absorption and sound absorption covers the top of the main box body; the universal wheels for realizing the integral movement and fixation of the test box adopt 77 series heavy A-type white nylon wheels, and 8 universal wheels with the same structure are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the box bottom plate of the main box body.
The main box body in the technical scheme comprises a left box wall, a front box wall, a right box wall, a rear box wall and a box bottom plate, wherein the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are all made of transparent toughened glass, the left box wall and the right box wall are identical in structure, the front box wall and the rear box wall are identical in length, height and thickness, and the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are identical in height and thickness; the box bottom plate of the main box body is a rectangular stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm and the model number of 304, the length and the width of the box bottom plate are equal to those of the main box body, and the thickness of the box bottom plate is the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm in the embodiment; adopt glass to glue between left tank wall, preceding tank wall, right tank wall, the back tank wall to bond in proper order, adopt silicone structure to glue between left tank wall, preceding tank wall, right tank wall, back tank wall and the bottom of the case board and bond, the four corners department on main tank top reuse 4 models is fixed for the glass clamp of L type, two right-angle sides that every glass pressed from both sides are fixed at two adjacent tank wall glass tops.
In the technical scheme, the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are all composed of outer wall glass, inner wall glass, an inert gas interlayer and a sealing rubber ring; the sealing rubber ring is a rectangular closed annular piece, the external dimension of the sealing rubber ring is equal to the length and the width of the box wall, and the cross section of the sealing rubber ring is a rectangular equal cross section; the outer wall glass, the sealing rubber ring and the inner wall glass of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are sequentially aligned and sequentially contacted from outside to inside, the outer wall glass and the sealing rubber ring as well as the sealing rubber ring and the inner wall glass are bonded by glass cement, and inert gas is injected into the sealing rubber rings of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall, namely inert gas interlayers are put into the sealing rubber rings of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall, namely the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall with heat insulation and heat preservation; the bottom of preceding tank wall is provided with the preformed hole that is used for placing the connecting wire, has scribbled the sealed glue that prevents to influence the inside temperature of proof box in the outside of the preformed hole of placing the connecting wire, and the preformed hole inner wall is provided with the circular shape sealing rubber circle that prevents inert gas and reveal.
The slope simulation device in the technical scheme further comprises a first support, a second support and a third support; the test groove is a trapezoidal steel groove, and the waist wall close to one side of the second support and the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the test groove form 60 parts 0 、120 0 The waist wall close to one side of the third bracket is vertical to the upper and lower bottoms, and the waist wall at the left side of the test groove and the right side of the lower bottom are provided with hinged shaft connecting holes which are fixed on the second bracket and the third bracket through hinged shafts; the first support is a cylindrical steel support and is fixed on the left side of a box bottom plate made of stainless steel in the test box through bolts, three sections of fully-pulled damping steel ball slide rails with the model of FX3053T and used for being connected with the second support are arranged on the first support, and bolt preformed holes used for being connected with a temperature and humidity sensor are formed in the top of the first support; the second bracket is a cuboid steel bracket, the left side of the second bracket is welded at the sliding end of the sliding rail on the first bracket, and the right side of the second bracket is provided with a hinge shaft connecting hole which is connected with the waist wall on the left side of the test groove through a hinge shaft; the third support adopts a 63-type cylinder fixed hydraulic support, consists of a hydraulic oil cylinder and a piston, and a piston rodThe top is provided with an articulated shaft connecting hole which is connected with the lower bottom of the test groove through an articulated shaft.
The environment simulation device in the technical scheme comprises a refrigeration compressor and a vertical side-blown air curtain; the refrigerating compressor for refrigerating the internal environment of the test box is a totally-closed 5HP refrigerating compressor, is arranged on the left side of a box bottom plate of an inner cavity of the test box and is positioned right below the test groove; the vertical side-blowing air curtain for controlling the temperature and the humidity in the test box is a vertical side-blowing hot air curtain of ZRFM-L type, and the vertical side-blowing air curtain is arranged on the right bottom plate of the inner cavity of the test box; the cold compressor is in wired connection with the vertical side-blown air curtain and a controller in the data acquisition control system through a USB data line.
The monitoring system in the technical scheme comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a portable inclinometer, a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge and a vibrating wire type dislocation gauge; the temperature and humidity sensor adopts a temperature and humidity sensor with the type of LoRa, the temperature measurement range is-40 to +80 ℃, the measurement precision is +/-0.3 ℃, the humidity measurement range is 0 to 100 percent RH, the measurement precision is +/-4.5 percent RH, and the temperature and humidity sensor is fixed on the first bracket through bolts; the portable inclinometer adopts a sliding inclinometer with the model number of HT-CX901, the measurement range is +/-15 degrees, the working temperature range is-25 to +65 ℃, and the portable inclinometer is embedded in a simulated slope soil body during test to measure the deformation of the slope soil body; the vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge adopts a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge with the model of HCH-301, and is embedded in a simulated side slope soil body during test, so that the pressure stress value of the soil body can be measured, and the temperature of the soil layer at an embedded point can also be measured; the vibration wire dislocation meter adopts a vibration wire dislocation meter with the model of VWDJ, and is embedded in a simulated side slope soil body during test, so that the displacement of the soil body can be measured; the temperature and humidity sensor, the portable inclinometer, the vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge and the terminal of the vibrating wire type dislocation gauge are in wired connection with the computer through a USB data line.
The water and soil collecting device in the technical scheme comprises a residue collecting barrel and a weighing module; the residue collecting barrel for collecting the simulated slope soil residue is a cuboid steel structural member, the top end of the residue collecting barrel is open, and the residue collecting barrel is arranged on the weighing module below the right side of the test groove; the weighing module adopts a high-precision industrial electronic platform scale with the model of TCS-YH, the weighing module is positioned on a box bottom plate of an inner cavity of the test box under the residue collecting barrel, and the top end of the weighing module for measuring the mass of soil body residues in the residue collecting barrel in real time is in contact connection with the barrel bottom of the residue collecting barrel.
A test method adopting the test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion comprises the following steps:
1) Fixing a second support at a corresponding position of the first support according to the slope of the slope to be simulated, fixing a third support at a corresponding position of a bottom plate of the test box, and fixing two ends of the test groove on the second support and the third support;
2) Opening the controller and the computer;
3) The vertical side-blown air curtain is controlled to be opened through the controller, and the humidity of the test box is controlled to be the test humidity;
4) Configuring test soil according to the type and the water content of the simulated slope soil, placing the prepared soil sample into a test groove in a layering manner and compacting, embedding a portable inclinometer, a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge and a vibrating wire type dislocation meter into the slope soil body in the compacting process, and monitoring the deformation and the soil pressure change of the soil body in real time;
5) Covering the rubber-plastic heat-insulation plate on the top of the test box;
6) Controlling a refrigeration compressor to be opened and setting freeze thawing temperature and cycle time through a controller;
7) Acquiring test data in real time through a computer, and displaying a slope displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve and a slope internal soil stress-displacement curve in real time through the computer;
A. drawing a slope displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve:
(1) The displacement of the soil body on the slope surface is collected by a vibrating wire type soil pressure meter, the displacement of the slope surface is a vertical coordinate,
(2) Collecting a group of test data every 5s, taking the number of freeze-thaw cycles as an abscissa,
(3) Drawing a scattered point line graph by using a computer;
B. drawing a stress-displacement curve:
(1) Collecting soil body stress inside the side slope through a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge, wherein the stress is a longitudinal coordinate;
(2) Acquiring the displacement of soil inside the side slope by a vibrating wire dislocation meter, wherein the displacement is a horizontal coordinate;
(3) Collecting a group of test data every 5 s;
(4) Drawing a scattered point line graph by using a computer;
8) After the test is finished, the refrigeration compressor and the vertical side-blowing air curtain are closed through the controller, and the rubber and plastic heat-insulation plate is taken down;
9) After the sediment in the residue collection barrel is kept stand and precipitated for 24 hours, drying for 8 hours to constant weight, recording the dry weight of the landslide soil body and drawing a slope quality loss-freeze thawing cycle frequency curve;
(1) The measured dry weight of the sediment is the quality loss of the side slope, and the quality loss of the side slope is the vertical coordinate;
(2) The number of freeze-thaw cycles is the abscissa;
(3) And drawing a scatter broken line graph by using a computer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the test device for simulating the freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion can fully simulate the natural temperature and humidity, artificially control the freeze-thaw cycle process and improve the test accuracy;
2. the test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion can collect data such as slope soil temperature, slope displacement, slope internal soil pressure change, slope deep soil displacement, landslide soil weight and the like in real time, process the test data through computer software, draw a slope displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve, a stress-strain-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve, a slope internal soil displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve and a slope quality loss-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve, quantitatively analyze the influence of freeze-thaw cycle on slope deformation, soil property change and soil quality loss, probe the root cause of the slope freeze-thaw cycle erosion and even damage, and has important significance for slope erosion research.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a front view of the structural components of a testing device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an axonometric projection view of the structure composition of the left box wall in the test box adopted in the test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is an axonometric view of the structural components of a test cell used in the test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a data acquisition control system used in the testing apparatus for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a flow chart of a testing method using a testing apparatus for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the test box comprises, by weight, 1-1 parts of outer wall glass, 1-2 parts of inner wall glass, 1-3 parts of an inert gas interlayer, 1-4 parts of sealant, 1-5 parts of a reserved hole, 2 parts of a rubber and plastic heat insulation plate, 3 parts of a universal wheel, 4 parts of a first support, 5 parts of a second support, 6 parts of a third support, 7 parts of a test groove, 8 parts of a refrigeration compressor, 9 parts of a vertical side blowing air curtain, 10 parts of a temperature and humidity sensor, 11 parts of a portable inclinometer, 12 parts of a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge, 13 parts of a vibrating wire type dislocation meter, 14 parts of a residue collection barrel, 15 parts of a weighing module, 16 parts of a controller and 17 parts of a computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1, the test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion comprises a test box 1, a slope simulation device, an environment simulation device, a monitoring system, a water and soil collection device and a data acquisition control system;
the test box 1 comprises a main box body, a rubber and plastic heat- insulation plate 2 and 8 universal wheels 3 with the same structure;
the main box body is a cuboid-shaped hollow box body part with an opening at the top end, and comprises a left box wall, a front box wall, a right box wall, a rear box wall and a box bottom plate, wherein the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are all made of transparent toughened glass, the left box wall and the right box wall are identical in structure, the front box wall and the rear box wall are identical in length, height and thickness, and the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are identical in height and thickness;
the box bottom plate of the main box body is a rectangular figured stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm and the model number of 304, the length and the width of the box bottom plate are equal to those of the main box body, and the ribs are arranged on the upper surface of the box bottom plate;
adopt glass to glue between left tank wall, preceding tank wall, right tank wall, the back tank wall to bond in proper order, adopt silicone structure to glue between left tank wall, preceding tank wall, right tank wall, back tank wall and the bottom of the case board and bond, the four corners department on main tank top reuse 4L types glass presss from both sides fixedly, and two right-angle sides that every glass pressed from both sides are fixed at two adjacent tank wall glass tops.
Referring to fig. 2, the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are respectively composed of outer wall glass 1-1, inner wall glass 1-2, an inert gas interlayer 1-3 and a sealing rubber ring 1-4;
the sealing rubber rings 1-4 are rectangular closed ring-shaped elements, the external dimension of the sealing rubber rings is equal to the length and width of the box wall, and the cross sections of the sealing rubber rings 1-4 are rectangular equal cross sections;
the outer wall glass 1-1 and the sealing rubber ring 1-4 of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are sequentially placed in an aligned mode from outside to inside and are sequentially in contact connection with the inner wall glass 1-2, then the outer wall glass 1-1 and the sealing rubber ring 1-4 and the inner wall glass 1-2 are bonded through glass cement, inert gas is injected into the sealing rubber ring 1-4 of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall, and then the inert gas interlayer 1-3 is placed into the sealing rubber ring 1-4 of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall, so that the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall with the advantages of heat insulation become finished.
In the embodiment, the thickness of the outer wall glass 1-1 of the left box wall, the thickness of the front box wall, the thickness of the right box wall and the thickness of the outer wall glass 1-1 of the rear box wall are 19mm, the thickness of the inner wall glass 1-2 is 40mm, the thickness of the inert gas interlayer 1-3, namely the thickness of the sealing rubber ring 1-4 is 30mm, the bottom end of the left box wall of the main box body is provided with a reserved hole 1-5, the reserved hole 1-5 is convenient for placing a USB data line connected between an instrument and a controller 16 in the test box 1 and a computer 17, after the USB data line is connected and placed, the outer side of the reserved hole 1-5 is coated with sealing glue to prevent the test box 1 from being communicated with the outside air and influencing the temperature of the test box 1, and the sealing rubber ring is arranged at the communication part of the reserved hole 1-5 and the inert gas interlayer 1-3 to prevent the inert gas in the inert gas interlayer 1-3 from leaking from the reserved hole 1-5;
the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate 2 is a rectangular flat plate, the length and the width of the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate 2 are equal to those of the main box body, and the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate 2 covers the top of the main box body and has excellent performances of water resistance, low heat conductivity coefficient, shock absorption, sound absorption and the like;
the universal wheels 3 are heavy white nylon wheels with the model number of 77A, and 8 universal wheels 3 with the same structure are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the box bottom plate of the main box body, so that the test box 1 can be integrally moved and fixed;
the slope simulation device comprises a test groove 7, a first bracket 4, a second bracket 5 and a third bracket 6;
referring to fig. 3, the test tank 7 is a steel tank with a trapezoidal longitudinal section (projection on the front view), and the waist wall near one side of the second support 5 and the upper and lower bottoms of the test tank 7 form a 60-degree angle 0 、120 0 The included angle of the test groove is fixed on the second bracket 5 through a spherical hinge, the waist wall close to one side of the third bracket 6 is vertical to the upper bottom and the lower bottom, the left waist wall and the right side of the lower bottom of the test groove 7 are provided with hinge shaft connecting holes and are fixed on the second bracket 5 and the third bracket 6 through hinge shafts, and the angle of the test groove 7 is controlled by adjusting the second bracket 5 and the third bracket 6 during the test so as to simulate different slope gradients;
the first support 4 is a cylindrical steel support and is vertically fixed on the left side of a stainless steel box bottom plate in the test box 1 through bolts, three sections of FX3053T full pull-out damping steel ball sliding rails are welded on the first support 4 and are used for being connected with the second support 5, and a bolt reserved hole is formed in the top of the first support 4 and is used for being connected with the temperature and humidity sensor 10;
the second bracket 5 is a cuboid steel bracket, the left side of the second bracket is welded at the sliding end of the sliding rail on the first bracket 4, the right side of the second bracket is provided with a hinge shaft connecting hole, and the second bracket is connected with the waist wall on the left side of the test groove 7 through a hinge shaft;
the third support 6 adopts a 63-type cylinder fixed hydraulic support, and consists of a hydraulic oil cylinder and a piston, and the top of the piston rod is provided with a hinge shaft connecting hole which is connected with the lower bottom of the test groove 7 through a hinge shaft;
the environment simulation device comprises a refrigeration compressor 8 and a vertical side-blown air curtain 9;
the refrigeration compressor 8 is a 5HP refrigeration compressor, is fixed on the left side of a box bottom plate of an inner cavity of the test box 1 through a bolt, is positioned below the test groove 7 and is used for refrigerating the internal environment of the test box 1, and the refrigeration compressor 8 is connected with the controller 16 through a USB data line;
the vertical side-blowing air curtain 9 is a vertical side-blowing air curtain with the model number of ZRFM-L, the internal temperature and humidity of the test box 1 can be controlled, the vertical side-blowing air curtain 9 is arranged on a right bottom plate of an inner cavity of the test box 1, and the vertical side-blowing air curtain 9 is connected with the controller 16 through a USB data line;
the monitoring system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor 10, a portable inclinometer 11, a vibrating wire type soil pressure meter 12 and a vibrating wire type dislocation meter 13;
the temperature and humidity sensor 10 adopts a temperature and humidity sensor with a Lora model, the temperature measurement range is-40 to +80 ℃, the measurement precision is +/-0.3 ℃, the humidity measurement range is 0 to 100 percent RH, the measurement precision is +/-4.5 percent RH, the temperature and humidity sensor 10 is fixed on the first bracket 4 through bolts and is in wired connection with the computer 17 through a USB data line;
the portable inclinometer 11 adopts a sliding inclinometer with the model number of HT-CX901, the measurement range is +/-15 degrees, the working temperature range is-25 ℃ to +65 ℃, the portable inclinometer is embedded in a simulated slope soil body during test to measure the displacement of the slope soil body, and the portable inclinometer is connected with the computer 17 in a wired mode through a USB data line;
the vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge 12 adopts a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge with the model of HCH-301, is buried in a simulated slope soil body during test, can measure the pressure stress value of the soil body and can also measure the soil layer temperature of a buried point, and is connected with the computer 17 through a USB data line in a wired mode;
the vibrating wire dislocation meter 13 adopts a vibrating wire dislocation meter with the model of VWDJ, is buried in a simulated side slope soil body during test, can measure the displacement of the soil body, and is connected with the computer 17 through a USB data wire;
the water and soil collecting device comprises a residue collecting barrel 14 and a weighing module 15;
the residue collection barrel 14 is a cuboid steel structural member, the top end of the residue collection barrel is open, the residue collection barrel is arranged on the weighing module 15 below the right side of the test tank 7, and the residue collection barrel is used for collecting soil residue on a simulated slope;
the weighing module 15 adopts a high-precision industrial electronic platform scale with the model of TCS-YH, the weighing module 15 is positioned on a box bottom plate of an inner cavity of the test box 1 under the residue collecting barrel 14, the top end of the weighing module 15 is in contact connection with the barrel bottom of the residue collecting barrel 14, the weighing module 15 has a peeling function and measures the mass of soil body residues in the residue collecting barrel 14 in real time;
referring to fig. 4, the data acquisition control system includes a controller 16 and a computer 17;
the controller 16 is connected with the refrigeration compressor 8 and the vertical side-blown air curtain 9 in the environment simulation device through USB data lines to control the temperature and the humidity required by the test, and the controller 16 is an integrated controller with the model number of CR 300;
the computer 17 is placed outside the test box 1, the computer 17 is in wired connection with the temperature and humidity sensor 10, the portable inclinometer 11, the vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge 12, the vibrating wire type dislocation meter 13, the weighing module 15 and the controller 16 through USB data lines, data information fed back by the monitoring system is displayed in real time, and a slope displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve, a stress-displacement curve and a slope quality loss-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve are drawn through computer software.
The invention also provides a test method adopting the test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion, which comprises the following steps:
1. fixing a second bracket 5 at a corresponding position of a first bracket 4 according to the gradient of a slope to be simulated, adjusting a third bracket 6 to a corresponding height, and fixing two ends of a test groove 7 on the second bracket 5 and the third bracket 6;
2. turning on the controller 16 and the computer 17;
3. the vertical side-blown air curtain 9 is controlled to be opened through the controller 16, and the humidity of the test box 1 is controlled to be the test humidity;
4. configuring test soil according to the type and the water content of the simulated slope soil, placing the prepared soil sample into a test groove 7 in a layering manner and compacting, embedding a portable inclinometer 11, a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge 12 and a vibrating wire type dislocation meter 13 into the slope soil in the compacting process, and monitoring soil deformation and soil pressure change in real time;
5. covering the rubber and plastic heat-insulation plate 2 on the top of the test box 1;
6. the controller 16 controls the refrigeration compressor 8 to be turned on and sets the freezing and thawing temperature and the cycle time;
7. acquiring test data in real time through a computer 17, and drawing and displaying a slope displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve and a slope internal soil stress-displacement curve in real time through the computer;
1) Drawing a slope displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve:
(1) Collecting slope soil displacement through a vibrating wire type soil pressure meter 12, wherein the slope displacement is a longitudinal coordinate;
(2) Collecting a group of test data every 5s, wherein the number of freeze-thaw cycles is an abscissa;
(3) Drawing a scatter plot line graph with the computer 17;
2) Drawing a stress-displacement curve:
(1) Collecting the soil body stress inside the side slope through a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge 12, wherein the stress is a vertical coordinate;
(2) Acquiring soil body displacement inside the side slope through a vibrating wire dislocation meter 13, wherein the displacement is an abscissa;
(3) Collecting a group of test data every 5 s;
(4) Drawing a scatter plot line graph with the computer 17;
8. after the test is finished, the refrigeration compressor 8 and the vertical side-blown air curtain 9 are closed through the controller 16, and the rubber and plastic heat-insulation plate 2 is taken down;
9. after the sediment in the residue collection barrel 14 is kept stand and precipitated for 24 hours, drying is carried out for 8 hours until the weight is constant, the dry weight of the landslide soil body is recorded, and a curve of slope quality loss-freeze thawing cycle times is drawn:
(1) The measured dry weight of the sediment is the quality loss of the side slope, and the quality loss of the side slope is the vertical coordinate;
(2) The number of freeze-thaw cycles is the abscissa;
(3) Scatter plots are plotted with computer 17.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustration in conjunction with the present manufacturing process, and does not limit the present structure, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be variously changed and modified, for example, a plurality of the present entities may be combined, and materials used for the change may be changed. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A test device for simulating freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion is characterized by comprising a test box (1), a slope simulation device, an environment simulation device, a monitoring system, a water and soil collection device and a data acquisition control system;
the device comprises a test box (1), a slope simulator, an environment simulator, a refrigeration compressor (8), a vertical side-blowing air curtain (9), a vertical side-blowing air curtain and a vertical side-blowing air curtain, wherein the test box (1) is installed on a foundation, the slope simulator is installed on the left side of an inner cavity of the test box (1), the refrigeration compressor (8) in the environment simulator is installed on a box bottom plate of the test box (1) right below a test groove (7) in the slope simulator, and the vertical side-blowing air curtain (9) in the environment simulator is installed on the right side of the test groove (7); the monitoring system is arranged on the slope simulation device and connected with the data acquisition control system through a USB data line; the water and soil collecting device is arranged on a box bottom plate of the test box (1) between the side slope simulation device and the vertical side-blown air curtain (9), and a residue collecting barrel (14) and a weighing module (15) in the water and soil collecting device are vertically superposed; the data acquisition control system is arranged on the right side of the test box (1), and the data acquisition control system is connected with the environment simulation device through a line.
2. The simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein the test box (1) comprises a main box body, a rubber-plastic heat-insulating plate (2) and 8 universal wheels (3) with the same structure;
the main box body is a cuboid hollow box body part with an opening at the top end;
the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate (2) is a rectangular flat plate, the length and the width of the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate (2) are equal to those of the main box body, and the rubber and plastic heat insulation plate (2) with excellent performances of water resistance, low heat conductivity coefficient, shock absorption and sound absorption covers the top of the main box body;
the universal wheels (3) for realizing the integral movement and fixation of the test box (1) adopt 77 series heavy A-type white nylon wheels, and 8 universal wheels (3) with the same structure are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the box bottom plate of the main box body.
3. The simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion test device according to claim 2, wherein the main box body comprises a left box wall, a front box wall, a right box wall, a rear box wall and a box bottom plate, the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are all made of transparent toughened glass, the left box wall and the right box wall are identical in structure, the front box wall and the rear box wall are identical in length, height and thickness, and the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are identical in height and thickness;
the box bottom plate of the main box body is a rectangular stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm and the model number of 304, the length and the width of the box bottom plate are equal to those of the main box body, and the thickness of the box bottom plate is the stainless steel plate with the thickness of 5mm in the embodiment;
adopt glass to glue between left tank wall, preceding tank wall, right tank wall, the back tank wall to bond in proper order, adopt silicone structure to glue between left tank wall, preceding tank wall, right tank wall, back tank wall and the bottom of the case board and bond, the four corners department on main tank top reuse 4 models is fixed for the glass clamp of L type, two right-angle sides that every glass pressed from both sides are fixed at two adjacent tank wall glass tops.
4. The simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion test device according to claim 2, wherein the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are all composed of outer wall glass (1-1), inner wall glass (1-2), inert gas interlayer (1-3) and sealing rubber ring (1-4);
the sealing rubber ring (1-4) is a rectangular closed annular piece, the external dimension of the sealing rubber ring is equal to the length and width of the box wall where the sealing rubber ring (1-4) is located, and the cross section of the sealing rubber ring (1-4) is a rectangular equal cross section;
the outer wall glass (1-1) and the sealing rubber ring (1-4) of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall are sequentially placed in an aligned mode from outside to inside and are sequentially in contact connection with the inner wall glass (1-2), the outer wall glass (1-1) and the sealing rubber ring (1-4) and the inner wall glass (1-2) are bonded through glass cement, and inert gas is injected into the sealing rubber ring (1-4) of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall, namely an inert gas interlayer (1-3) is placed into the sealing rubber ring (1-4) of the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall, so that the left box wall, the front box wall, the right box wall and the rear box wall with heat insulation function are obtained;
the bottom of the front box wall is provided with a preformed hole (1-5) for placing a connecting wire, a sealant for preventing the influence on the internal temperature of the test box (1) is coated on the outer side of the preformed hole (1-5) for placing the connecting wire, and the inner wall of the preformed hole (1-5) is provided with a circular sealing rubber ring for preventing inert gas from leaking.
5. A simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the slope simulation apparatus further comprises a first bracket (4), a second bracket (5) and a third bracket (6);
the test groove (7) is a trapezoidal steel groove, the waist wall close to one side of the second support (5) forms an included angle of 60 degrees and 120 degrees with the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the test groove (7), the waist wall close to one side of the third support (6) is perpendicular to the upper bottom and the lower bottom, hinge shaft connecting holes are formed in the left waist wall and the right side of the lower bottom of the test groove (7), and the hinge shaft connecting holes are fixed on the second support (5) and the third support (6) through hinge shafts;
the first support (4) is a cylindrical steel support and is fixed on the left side of a box bottom plate made of stainless steel in the test box (1) through bolts, three sections of full-pull-out damping steel ball sliding rails which are FX3053T in model and used for being connected with the second support (5) are arranged on the first support (4), and bolt preformed holes used for being connected with the temperature and humidity sensor (10) are formed in the top of the first support (4);
the second support (5) is a cuboid steel support, the left side of the second support is welded at the sliding end of the sliding rail on the first support (4), the right side of the second support is provided with a hinged shaft connecting hole, and the second support is connected with the waist wall of the left side of the test groove (7) through a hinged shaft;
the third support (6) adopts a cylinder body fixed hydraulic support with the model number of 63, and consists of a hydraulic oil cylinder and a piston, and the top of the piston rod is provided with a hinged shaft connecting hole which is connected with the lower bottom of the test groove (7) through a hinged shaft.
6. The simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the environment simulation apparatus comprises a refrigeration compressor (8) and a vertical side-blown air curtain (9);
the refrigeration compressor (8) for refrigerating the internal environment of the test box (1) is a fully-closed 5HP refrigeration compressor, is arranged on the left side of a box bottom plate of an inner cavity of the test box (1) and is positioned right below the test groove (7);
the vertical side-blowing air curtain (9) for controlling the temperature and the humidity in the test box (1) is a vertical side-blowing air curtain with the model of ZRFM-L, and the vertical side-blowing air curtain (9) is arranged on the right bottom plate of the inner cavity of the test box (1);
the cold compressor (8) is in wired connection with the vertical side-blown air curtain (9) and a controller (16) in the data acquisition control system through USB data lines.
7. The simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring system comprises a temperature and humidity sensor (10), a portable inclinometer (11), a vibrating wire earth pressure gauge (12) and a vibrating wire dislocation meter (13);
the temperature and humidity sensor (10) adopts a temperature and humidity sensor with a LoRa model, the temperature measuring range is-40 to +80 ℃, the measuring precision is +/-0.3 ℃, the humidity measuring range is 0 to 100 percent RH, the measuring precision is +/-4.5 percent RH, and the temperature and humidity sensor (10) is fixed on the first bracket (4) through bolts;
the portable inclinometer (11) adopts a sliding inclinometer with the model number of HT-CX901, the measurement range is +/-15 degrees, the working temperature range is-25 ℃ to +65 ℃, and the portable inclinometer is embedded in a simulated slope soil body during a test to measure the deformation of the slope soil body;
the vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge (12) adopts a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge with the model of HCH-301, is buried in a simulated slope soil body during test, can measure the pressure stress value of the soil body and can also measure the temperature of the soil layer at the buried point;
the vibrating wire dislocation meter (13) adopts a vibrating wire dislocation meter with the model of VWDJ, and is buried in a simulated side slope soil body during test, so that the displacement of the soil body can be measured;
the temperature and humidity sensor (10), the portable inclinometer (11), the vibrating wire type soil pressure meter (12) and the wiring end of the vibrating wire type dislocation meter (13) are in wired connection with the computer (17) through USB data lines.
8. The simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the soil and water collection apparatus comprises a residue collection tank (14) and a weighing module (15);
the residue collecting barrel (14) for collecting the simulated slope soil residue is a cuboid steel structural member, the top end of the residue collecting barrel is open, and the residue collecting barrel is arranged on a weighing module (15) below the right side of the test groove (7);
the high-precision industrial electronic platform scale with the model of TCS-YH is adopted as the weighing module (15), the weighing module (15) is positioned on a box bottom plate of an inner cavity of the test box (1) under the residue collecting barrel (14), and the top end of the weighing module (15) for measuring the mass of soil body residues in the residue collecting barrel (14) in real time is in contact connection with the bottom of the residue collecting barrel (14).
9. A test method using the simulated freeze-thaw cycle slope erosion test device of claim 1 comprises the following steps:
1) Fixing a second bracket (5) at a corresponding position of a first bracket (4) according to the gradient of a slope to be simulated, fixing a third bracket (6) at a corresponding position of a box bottom plate of the test box (1), and fixing two ends of a test groove (7) on the second bracket (5) and the third bracket (6);
2) The controller (16) and the computer (17) are turned on;
3) The vertical side-blown air curtain (9) is controlled to be opened through the controller (16), and the humidity of the test box (1) is controlled to be test humidity;
4) Configuring test soil according to the type and the water content of the simulated slope soil, placing the prepared soil sample into a test tank (7) in a layering manner and compacting, embedding a portable inclinometer (11), a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge (12) and a vibrating wire type dislocation meter (13) into the slope soil body in the compacting process, and monitoring the deformation and the soil pressure change of the soil body in real time;
5) Covering the rubber and plastic heat-insulation plate (2) on the top of the test box (1);
6) The controller (16) controls the refrigeration compressor (8) to be turned on and sets the freezing and thawing temperature and the cycle time;
7) The computer (17) is used for collecting test data in real time, and the computer (17) is used for displaying a slope displacement-freeze thawing cycle frequency curve and a slope internal soil stress-displacement curve in real time;
A. drawing a slope displacement-freeze-thaw cycle frequency curve:
(1) The displacement of the slope soil is collected by the vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge (12), the displacement of the slope is a longitudinal coordinate,
(2) Collecting a group of test data every 5s, taking the number of freeze-thaw cycles as the abscissa,
(3) Drawing a scatter plot line graph by using a computer (17);
B. drawing a stress-displacement curve:
(1) Collecting soil body stress inside the side slope through a vibrating wire type soil pressure gauge (12), wherein the stress is a vertical coordinate;
(2) The displacement of soil inside the side slope is collected through a vibrating wire dislocation meter (13), and the displacement is an abscissa;
(3) Collecting a group of test data every 5 s;
(4) Drawing a scatter plot line graph by using a computer (17);
8) After the test is finished, the refrigeration compressor (8) and the vertical side-blown air curtain (9) are closed through the controller (16), and the rubber and plastic heat-insulation plate (2) is taken down;
9) After the sediment in the residue collection barrel (14) is kept stand and precipitated for 24 hours, drying is carried out for 8 hours until the weight is constant, the dry weight of the landslide soil body is recorded, and a curve of the slope quality loss-freeze thawing cycle times is drawn;
(1) The measured dry weight of the sediment is the quality loss of the side slope, and the quality loss of the side slope is the vertical coordinate;
(2) The number of freeze-thaw cycles is the abscissa;
(3) The scatter plot is plotted by the computer (17).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115792180A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-14 | 长江大学 | Freezing and thawing inducing slope landslide simulating device |
| CN115876980A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-31 | 长江大学 | Freezing-thawing landslide test device under coupling action of underground water erosion and river lateral erosion |
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2022
- 2022-06-24 CN CN202210728279.XA patent/CN115236115A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115792180A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-14 | 长江大学 | Freezing and thawing inducing slope landslide simulating device |
| CN115792180B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-10-27 | 长江大学 | Simulation device for freeze thawing induced slope landslide |
| CN115876980A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-31 | 长江大学 | Freezing-thawing landslide test device under coupling action of underground water erosion and river lateral erosion |
| CN115876980B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-01-09 | 长江大学 | Freezing and thawing landslide test device under coupling effect of groundwater erosion and river side erosion |
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