CN106567416B - The model test apparatus and test method of tunnel excavation in a kind of transparent soil base - Google Patents
The model test apparatus and test method of tunnel excavation in a kind of transparent soil base Download PDFInfo
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- CN106567416B CN106567416B CN201610909318.0A CN201610909318A CN106567416B CN 106567416 B CN106567416 B CN 106567416B CN 201610909318 A CN201610909318 A CN 201610909318A CN 106567416 B CN106567416 B CN 106567416B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses the model test apparatus and test method of tunnel excavation in a kind of transparent soil base.Experimental rig includes model slot, transparent soil, segmentation water pocket, industrial camera, laser emitter, laser moving track, and transparent soil is placed in organic glass model slot, and segmentation water pocket is embedded in transparent soil, and each water pocket is both provided with drainpipe and valve.The present invention, by the tunnel segment of excavation, simulates tunnel excavation process by the draining to water pocket by the water pocket simulation in embedment model slot.In test method, water pocket discharges water one by one, shoot laser plane using industrial camera during discharging water, and analyzes to obtain 3 D deformation characteristic by software.The present invention can simulate the very big subterranean tunnel digging process of practical operation space by a model test, model is simple, easy to use, testing expenses are low, simulation effect is good, and it is able to achieve the high-precision real-time measurement of soil body internal deformation, obtain 3 D deformation field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil construction project technical field, in particular to the model of tunnel excavation in a kind of transparent soil base
Experimental rig and its application method.
Background technique
Tunnel excavation is carried out in more liquid sandy soil stratum, since soil strength is not high, when tunnel cross-section is larger
When easily lead to excavation face unstability, and then may cause excessive ground settlement, cause construction of structures around to tilt or cracking, bring
A large amount of economic losses.
And since tunnel is embedded in underground, general model test can not observe the deformation of ground around tunnel, can only
Obtain the sedimentation variation of earth's surface.According to measuring instruments such as displacement meters, the displacement of internal certain key points can be obtained, and these points
Except displacement can only then estimate, if reconnaissance is inaccurate, may obtain and differ biggish result with actual conditions.And work as model
When experimental rig is smaller, foil gauge being embedded in ground etc. may impact the property of foundation soil.And use large scale
The problem of test, reconnaissance, is not also resolved, and experimentation cost is high.
The basic principle of transparent soil is mixed using transparent grain material and the pore liquid with identical refractive index, discharge
The transparent saturated soil that air obtains, the soil body and natural rock-filled have similar Geotechnical Engineering Properties.It can be with using laser
Speckle field is formed in transparent soil, high-precision picture can be taken with industrial camera.PIV technology is based on image matching technology
A kind of fluid velocity measuring technique to grow up can be with using correlation function by comparing the picture gray value of different moments
The relative displacement of different moments is obtained, to obtain the macroscopic deformation process in Piled Embankments inside embankment soil.In the present invention
Before, transparent native technology is mainly used to simulate piling construction process, slope sliding etc., the simulation for hypogee structure construction
It is rarely reported.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of model test apparatus that existing subterranean tunnel excavates, the present invention provides a kind of subterranean tunnel and applies
Work model test apparatus and application method can simulate subterranean tunnel and excavate forward and backward full three-dimensional space deformation distribution, be opened
3 D deformation field during digging.
To realize the present invention purpose and the technical solution adopted is that such, the mould of tunnel excavation in a kind of transparent soil base
Type experimental rig, it is characterised in that: the experimental rig includes model slot, transparent soil, industrial camera, laser emitter, Yi Jiruo
Dry water pocket；
Tunnel excavation model test is carried out in organic glass model slot, after partially transparent soil is filled in model slot, saturating
Bright several water pockets of soil surface mount, these water pockets are in same row, are full of transparent pore liquid in each water pocket；Continuation is having
The transparent soil in portion is built in machine glass molds type groove to design height, water pocket is just embedded in transparent soil；Regional simulation where water pocket
The excavation region in tunnel, the length direction of a column water pocket are the excavation direction in the tunnel of simulation.Each water pocket is separately provided with
Drainage pipeline and valve, drainpipe one end connect water pocket, and the other end stretches out the connection of model slot and specially holds transparent pore liquid
Container, draining tube valve can control the rate of output water.
In test, using two groups of imaging devices, each group of imaging device includes camera and laser emitter；Laser emission
The laser of device transmitting forms a plane, penetrates transparent soil, and lasing area is and horizontal plane；Laser in two groups of imaging devices
Transmitter is respectively formed the lasing area (laser I generation) for being parallel to tunnel excavation direction, and one perpendicular to tunnel excavation
The lasing area (laser II generation) in direction.It is carried out by the image acquired to two industrial cameras with PIV technology related software
The 3 D deformation field during tunnel excavation in transparent soil base can be obtained in processing.It is equipped in water pocket and transparent native refractive index phase
With transparent pore liquid, liquid can be discharged by drainpipe in water pocket；It when test, passes through, one by one by water pocket
In transparency liquid release, simulate tunnel excavation process, until test complete.
The model test method of tunnel excavation in invention additionally discloses a kind of transparent soil base based on above-mentioned apparatus, including
Following steps:
1) contrived experiment scheme determines the transparent native depth of fill, tunnel size and buried depth.
2) it cleans organic glass model slot and cleans；
3) transparency liquid is configured, the draining tube valve of water pocket is shut, transparency liquid is respectively charged into each water pocket；Xiang Mo
Transparency liquid is poured into type groove, quartz sand is slowly sprinkled into model slot and is carried out with soil.
4) after with soil to design height, water pocket segmentation is put into, each water pocket fits closely aligning；By each water
Capsule drainpipe stretches out, and the water outlet of drainpipe is placed in the container outside organic glass model, and the container must be lower than water pocket bottom
Portion.
5) continue to be embedded in water pocket in transparent soil with soil, the transparent soil height covered on water pocket meets the buried depth of design
It is required that.If it is transparent soil in be mixed into excessive bubble, with it is complete soil after should use vacuum saturator make it is transparent soil saturation.
6) the fixed bracket of industrial camera and laser emitter track for installing two groups of imaging systems, fix and have debugged phase
Machine opens laser emitter, and is slowly increased laser intensity, closes indoor light source.When installing camera and laser emitter, phase
Machine lens axis is perpendicular to plane where laser.
Two groups of imaging systems are denoted as imaging system I and imaging system II respectively；Laser emitter I and the phase of imaging system I
Machine I connecting line is denoted as line I；Laser emitter II and camera the II connecting line of imaging system II is denoted as line II；Line I is parallel
In the length direction of a column water pocket, length direction of the line II perpendicular to a column water pocket；
7) the first water pocket valve that will be close to camera I is opened, and is at the uniform velocity released the transparency liquid in first water pocket, is covered
Laser emitter II is simultaneously directed at first water pocket central axes by anti-dazzling screen on laser emitter I, acquires image.Use Laser emission
Device irradiation model slot forms speckle field, repeatedly moves in parallel laser emitter II, acquires a series of perpendicular to the figure for excavating direction
Picture.The anti-dazzling screen on laser emitter II is then covered, laser emitter I is blocked in cancellation, same repeatedly mobile laser hair
Emitter I is acquired series of parallel in the image for excavating direction.
8) transparency liquid in each water pocket is released one by one towards the direction of laser emitter I, using similar to step 7)
Image method is acquired, until the liquid in all water pockets is given out light.Liquid measures the body for releasing liquid with measuring cup during releasing
It accumulates and records.
9) identifying processing is carried out with image of the PIV technology related software to acquisition, obtains transparent soil during tunnel excavation
The 3 D deformation field of ground.
Advantages of the present invention and effect are: right by the water pocket simulation in embedment model slot by the tunnel segment of excavation
Tunnel excavation process is simulated in the draining of water pocket.And use two laser emitters and two cameras that the transparent of two groups of planes can be obtained
Soil deformation photo, the 3 D deformation field during capable of obtaining tunnel excavation in ground is analyzed by software.The present invention can simulate
Subterranean tunnel excavates forward and backward 3 D deformation distribution, does not have to the measuring instruments such as embedment strain gauge.It applies practical operation space is very big
Work process is simulated by a model test, and model is simple, easy to use, testing expenses are low, simulation effect is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is model test apparatus schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is model test apparatus elevation.
Fig. 3 is model test apparatus left view.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1~3, the present embodiment discloses a kind of model test apparatus of tunnel excavation in transparent soil base, the test
Device includes model slot 1, transparent soil, industrial camera 5/6, laser emitter 4/7 and several water pockets 2；
Tunnel excavation model test is carried out in organic glass model slot 1, after partially transparent soil is filled in model slot 1,
Transparent several water pockets 2 of soil surface mount, these water pockets 2 are in same row, are full of transparent pore liquid in each water pocket 2；After
Continue and build the transparent soil in portion in organic glass model slot 1 to design height, water pocket 2 is just embedded in transparent soil；Area where water pocket 2
Domain simulates the excavation region in tunnel, and the length direction of a column water pocket 2 is the excavation direction in the tunnel of simulation.Each water pocket 2
It is separately provided with drainpipe 3 and valve, 3 one end of drainpipe connects water pocket 2, and other end stretching model slot 1, which connects, specially to be held
The container (being beaker 8 in embodiment) of bright pore liquid, the valve of drainpipe 3 can control the rate of output water.
When test, comprising the following steps:
1) contrived experiment scheme determines the transparent native depth of fill, tunnel size and buried depth.
2) it cleaning organic glass model slot 1 and is cleaned with dry towel, the dust on surface will affect transparent native speckle field, and
There is water on surface then and will affect the refractive index of transparency liquid.
3) transparency liquid is configured, the mixed liquor of 15# white oil and n-dodecane makes its refractive index 1.4585, shuts water pocket 2
3 valve of drainpipe, transparency liquid is respectively charged into each water pocket 2；Transparency liquid is poured into model slot 1, by quartz sand
It is slowly sprinkled into model slot 1 and carries out with soil.
4) after with soil to design height, the segmentation of water pocket 2 is put into, each water pocket 2 fits closely aligning；It will be each
2 drainpipe 3 of water pocket stretches out, and the water outlet of drainpipe 3 is placed in the container outside organic glass model, and the container must be lower than water
2 bottom of capsule.
5) continue to be embedded in water pocket 2 in transparent soil with soil, the transparent soil height covered on water pocket 2 meets burying for design
It is deep to require.If it is transparent soil in be mixed into excessive bubble, with it is complete soil after should use vacuum saturator make it is transparent soil saturation.
6) two groups of imaging systems are arranged as shown in Figure 1.It installs the fixed bracket of industrial camera of two groups of imaging systems and swashs
Camera is fixed and debugged to optical transmitting set track, opens laser emitter, and be slowly increased laser intensity, closes indoor light source.
When installing camera and laser emitter, camera lens axis is perpendicular to plane where laser.
Two groups of imaging systems are denoted as imaging system I and imaging system II respectively；The laser emitter I of imaging system I is (in figure
Number is 7) to be denoted as line I with camera I (number is 6 in figure) connecting line；The laser emitter II of imaging system II (is numbered in figure
4) to be denoted as line II with camera II (number is 5 in figure) connecting line；Line I is parallel to the length direction of a column water pocket 2, line
Length direction of the II perpendicular to a column water pocket 2；
7) first 2 valve of water pocket that will be close to camera I is opened, and the transparency liquid in first water pocket 2 is at the uniform velocity released, will
Laser emitter II is directed at first 2 central axes of water pocket, acquires image.Speckle field is formed with laser emitter irradiation model slot 1,
And laser emitter II is repeatedly moved in parallel, acquire a series of images.
8) transparency liquid in each water pocket 2 is released one by one towards the direction of laser emitter I, using similar to step 7)
Image method is acquired, until the liquid in all water pockets 2 is given out light.Liquid measures the body for releasing liquid with measuring cup during releasing
It accumulates and records.
9) identifying processing is carried out with image of the PIV technology related software to acquisition, obtains transparent soil during tunnel excavation
The 3 D deformation field of ground.
Claims (2)
1. the model test apparatus of tunnel excavation in a kind of transparent soil base, it is characterised in that: the experimental rig include model slot,
Transparent soil, industrial camera, with the laser emitter of anti-dazzling screen and several water pockets；
The model slot is organic glass model slot；Tunnel excavation model test is carried out in model slot, fills portion in model slot
After dividing transparent soil, in transparent several water pockets of native surface mount, these water pockets are in same row, are full of in each water pocket described
Bright pore liquid；Continuation fills transparent soil to design height in model slot, and water pocket is just embedded in transparent soil；Where water pocket
The regional simulation excavation region in tunnel, the length direction of a column water pocket are the excavation direction in the tunnel of simulation；
Each water pocket is separately provided with drainage pipeline and valve, and drainpipe one end connects water pocket, and the other end stretches out model slot and connects
The container for specially holding transparent pore liquid is connect, draining tube valve can control the rate of output water；
In test, using two groups of imaging devices, each group of imaging device includes industrial camera and laser emitter；Laser emitter
The laser of transmitting forms a plane, penetrates transparent soil, and lasing area is and horizontal plane；Laser hair in two groups of imaging devices
Emitter is respectively laser I and laser II；The laser I forms the lasing area for being parallel to tunnel excavation direction, swashs
Light device II forms a lasing area perpendicular to tunnel excavation direction；Pass through the image PIV technology phase acquired to industrial camera
It closes software to be handled, the 3 D deformation field during tunnel excavation in transparent soil base can be obtained；In water pocket equipped with it is transparent
The identical transparent pore liquid of native refractive index, liquid can be discharged by drainpipe in water pocket；When test, pass through,
The transparency liquid in water pocket is released one by one, simulates tunnel excavation process, until test is completed.
2. the model test method of tunnel excavation, feature exist in a kind of transparent soil base based on claim 1 described device
In, comprising the following steps:
1) contrived experiment scheme determines the transparent native depth of fill, tunnel size and buried depth；
2) it washing moulding slot and cleans；
3) transparency liquid is configured, the draining tube valve of water pocket is shut, transparency liquid is respectively charged into each water pocket；To model slot
In pour into transparency liquid, quartz sand is slowly sprinkled into model slot carry out with soil；
4) after with soil to design height, water pocket segmentation is put into, each water pocket fits closely aligning；Each water pocket is arranged
Water pipe stretches out, and the water outlet of drainpipe is placed in the container outside model, and the container must be lower than water pocket bottom；
5) continue to be embedded in water pocket in transparent soil with soil, the transparent soil height covered on water pocket meets the buried depth requirement of design；
If it is transparent soil in be mixed into excessive bubble, with it is complete soil after should use vacuum saturator make it is transparent soil saturation；
6) the fixed bracket of industrial camera and laser emitter track for installing two groups of imaging systems, fix and have debugged camera,
Laser emitter is opened, and is slowly increased laser intensity, closes indoor light source；When installing camera and laser emitter, camera
Lens axis is perpendicular to plane where laser；
Two groups of imaging systems are denoted as imaging system I and imaging system II respectively；The laser emitter I and camera I of imaging system I connects
Wiring is denoted as line I；Laser emitter II and camera the II connecting line of imaging system II is denoted as line II；Line I is parallel to one
The length direction of column water pocket, length direction of the line II perpendicular to a column water pocket；
7) the first water pocket valve that will be close to camera I is opened, and is at the uniform velocity released the transparency liquid in first water pocket, is covered laser
Laser emitter II is simultaneously directed at first water pocket central axes by anti-dazzling screen on transmitter I, acquires image；It is shone with laser emitter
It penetrates model slot and forms speckle field, repeatedly move in parallel laser emitter II, acquire a series of perpendicular to the image for excavating direction；With
The anti-dazzling screen on laser emitter II is covered afterwards, laser emitter I is blocked in cancellation, same repeatedly mobile laser emitter I,
It acquires series of parallel in the image for excavating direction；
8) transparency liquid in each water pocket is released one by one towards the direction of laser emitter I, using the acquisition for being similar to step 7)
Image method, until the liquid in all water pockets is given out light；The volume of releasing liquid is measured simultaneously with measuring cup during liquid releasing
Record；
9) identifying processing is carried out with image of the PIV technology related software to acquisition, obtains transparent soil base during tunnel excavation
3 D deformation field.
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| CN107012888B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2019-04-16 | 宁波市交通建设工程试验检测中心有限公司 | A kind of tunneling device |
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| CN107782248A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-03-09 | 重庆大学 | A kind of tunnel excavation deformation Visualization Model experimental provision and method |
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| CN112083145B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2023-05-16 | 东南大学 | Test equipment and method for simulating excavation arch effect of cross chamber |
| CN113552316B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-09-26 | 重庆大学溧阳智慧城市研究院 | Transparent soil model test device for simulating loading and excavation and application method |
| CN116337626B (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-08-01 | 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 | Tunnel excavation surface model test device and excavation surface collapse model acquisition method |
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