CN109682717A - A kind of detection hole measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of detection hole measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682717A CN109682717A CN201910027809.6A CN201910027809A CN109682717A CN 109682717 A CN109682717 A CN 109682717A CN 201910027809 A CN201910027809 A CN 201910027809A CN 109682717 A CN109682717 A CN 109682717A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
- G01N2009/022—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids
- G01N2009/024—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids the volume being determined directly, e.g. by size of container
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of detection hole measurement method, comprising: the ground of testing pits at optional test, using the soil body at dimension laser scanner scans test, and corresponding at least one point cloud data for obtaining the soil body before excavating；High-precision surface model is established according to point cloud data；The soil body of certain mass is dug out at optional test；By after the three-dimensional grid model alignment for excavating front and back, it is transformed into the same cartesian cartesian coordinate system, by two models simultaneously to xOy plane projection, obtains cylinder, the volume V for excavating part is obtained according to the cylinder；According to the quality and volume of acquisition, density can be calculated.The method of the present invention workload is small, error is small, and work efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection technique fields of dam embankment quality more particularly to a kind of detection to cheat measurement method.
Background technique
Inspection method is cheated as a kind of important measurement means, is usually used in the detection of dam embankment quality.Existing hole inspection at present
Method the following steps are included: 1, by the ground leveling of testing pits at optional test, remove the loose soil layer in surface；2, it tests pits by determining
Diameter marks near coal-mine contour line, lower in contour line to dig to depth is required, and the sample in hole is packed into soil container when digging,
Claim sample mass；3, it tests pits after digging, puts the lantern ring of corresponding size, the plastics of will be greater than test pits volume levelling with levelling rod
Bag film is laid in hole, is climbed over lantern ring and is pushed down film surrounding；4, initial water level height in water storage cylinder is recorded, water storage cylinder is unscrewed and goes out
Water is slowly injected into plastic film bag by conduit switch.When water-in-bag face is close to collar rim, water flow is turned down, until bag
The interior water surface closes outlet pipe when flushing with collar rim, continues 3~5min, records height of water level in water storage cylinder, is become according to water level
Change can calculate volume；5, density can be calculated according to the quality and volume that measure.
However, this method has the following deficiencies:
1, heavy workload: each measuring point required to dig pit and is poured water, and all processes require artificial hand
Dynamic operation；2, error is big: when error is primarily present in cubing, plastic film can not be bonded mold and landform completely, this
Sample douche measurement to volume and can really have biggish error.3, working efficiency is low: in measurement process, manually
The process excavated and poured water is complicated, and longevity of service necessarily leads to inefficiency.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of based on 3 D laser scanning skill
Accurate 3D modeling measuring technique is cheated in the detection of art, is solved in traditional measurement calculating process for existing in the measuring and calculating of dam embankment quality
Heavy workload, error it is big, the defect of low efficiency.
It is write again after the explanation of all annotations is clear and complete this part.
A kind of detection hole measurement method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: by the ground leveling of testing pits at optional test, removing the loose soil layer in surface；
Step 2: corresponding to obtain excavating the preceding soil body extremely with the soil body at least one three-dimensional laser scanner scan test
A few point cloud data；
Step 3: at least one described point cloud data is obtained carry out except make an uproar, filter preprocessing；
Step 4: pretreated point cloud data being subjected to Registration and connection and completely detects hole surface model figure at a whole picture；
Step 5: the point cloud data after the completion of splicing is simplified；
Step 6: establishing high-precision surface model using the point cloud data after simplifying；
Step 7: mechanically or manually digging out the soil body of certain mass at optional test, and the soil body sample taken is filled
Enter in soil container, weigh sample mass m, in sampling process, the form for detecting hole does not have particular requirement；
Step 8: the detection hole after the completion of being excavated with three-dimensional laser scanner scanning model being cheated with the detection after being excavated；
Step 9: by after the three-dimensional grid model alignment for excavating front and back, it is transformed into the same cartesian cartesian coordinate system,
By two models simultaneously to xOy plane projection, cylinder is obtained, the volume V for excavating part is obtained according to the cylinder；
Step 10: according to the calculated quality of preceding step and volume, density can be calculated.
Further, method as described above excavates the calculation method of physical volume of part in step 9 are as follows:
Wherein,
Vi=ziΔxiΔyi=(zh-z2)ΔxiΔyi
z1=f1(x, y)
z2=f2(x, y)
zi=f1(x, y)-f2(x, y)
z1、z2Respectively excavate depth of the front and back three-dimensional grid model in z-axis direction, ziIt is then the depth for excavating part, Δ
xiRepresent the side length of small prism x-axis direction, Δ yiThe side length in small prism y-axis direction is represented, s is in all small prisms
Base area maximum value；Integral domain is projection of the entire outline excavation in xOy plane.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, workload is small: when testing for each measuring point, just only needing through three-dimensional laser scanner and meter after excavation
Calculation machine is handled, and workload is opposite to be reduced.
2, error is small: establishing accurately detection hole 3D model here by three-dimensional laser scanning technique, and then carries out volume
It calculates, greatly reduces error.
3, work efficiency is high: in measurement process, using mechanical excavation, and excavates size and do not limited by collar dimensions,
Relatively arbitrarily, to greatly improve working efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that dig pit data acquisition and the Triangulation Network Model volume of embodiment 1 calculates schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional grid model figure after embodiment 2 is excavated；
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 2 excavates body Model figure.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution below in the present invention carries out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: by the ground leveling of testing pits at optional test, removing the loose soil layer in surface；
Step 2: corresponding to obtain excavating the preceding soil body extremely with the soil body at least one three-dimensional laser scanner scan test
A few point cloud data；
Specifically, when three-dimensional laser scanner works, the laser of transmitting is after object reflects, the available object
The data of the point on surface, such data the inside contain the information such as position, reflectivity a little.The data of numerous points constitute point
Cloud data.Post-processing will establish model according to such point cloud data, carry out volume calculating.
Step 3: at least one described point cloud data is obtained carry out except make an uproar, filter preprocessing；
Step 4: pretreated point cloud data being subjected to Registration and connection and completely detects hole surface model figure at a whole picture；
Specifically, when actual scanning works, it will usually multiple scanning websites are set up, to increase the precision of scanning.This also anticipates
Taste can obtain multiple point cloud datas.Before subsequent processing, the coordinate and neighbor stations according to each scanning website are needed
The lap of spot scan data, by multiple Point-clouds Registrations at an entirety.
Step 5: the point cloud data after the completion of splicing is simplified；
Specifically, due to the point cloud data often comparatively dense after the completion of splicing, data are huge, if being vacuated without simplifying,
It will seriously affect the efficiency of subsequent processing, therefore, the present invention carries out point cloud compressing by Octree algorithm；
Step 6: establishing high-precision surface model using the point cloud data after simplifying；
Specifically, the point cloud data after simplifying is used into Delaunay triangulation network lattice algorithm, establishes high-precision surface modes
Type, by three adjacent points, can establish a triangular facet in point cloud data.Whole point cloud datas are converted to three
After edged surface, the grid model of triangular facet has just been obtained.
Step 7: mechanically or manually digging out the soil body of certain mass at optional test, and the soil body sample taken is filled
Enter in soil container, weigh sample mass m, in sampling process, the form for detecting hole does not have particular requirement；
Specifically, when practical operation, as the soil body for needing to excavate how many quality, the present invention is not particularly limited, specifically
Depending on excavation equipment, but should not be too big, it is usually no more than several cubic meters.Not influence construction quality, and facilitate excavation portion
Subject to sub-prime measurement.
Step 8: the detection after the completion of being excavated with three-dimensional laser scanner scanning is cheated, as shown in Figure 1, similarly, it is available
Model is cheated in detection after excavation；
Step 9: by after the three-dimensional grid model alignment for excavating front and back, it is transformed into the same cartesian cartesian coordinate system,
By two models simultaneously to xOy plane projection, cylinder is obtained, the volume for excavating part is obtained according to the cylinder；
Specifically, by three-dimensional laser scanner scan data, and after subsequent processing, before our available excavations
The grid model of earth's surface afterwards.Then, we establish a cartesian cartesian coordinate system, the two models are all put into this seat
In mark system, and simultaneously to xoy plane projection (xoy plane is horizontal plane, and the direction z is elevation direction).In this way, the earth's surface before excavating
Model is formed a cylinder (top surface song top part is terrain model, and bottom surface is located at xoy plane) after projecting, after excavation
Terrain model equally project become a cylinder.The difference of the volume of two cylinders as excavates reduced part.
Wherein, when calculating excavation volume, model is integrally divided into several small prisms, excavates the small prism in part
Volume before the equally available excavation of volume subtracts the volume after excavating, i.e., are as follows:
Vi=ziΔxiΔyi=(zh-z2)ΔxiΔyi
Wherein, z1、z2Respectively excavate depth of the front and back model in z-axis direction, ziThe then depth to excavate part.Due to
When excavation, there is no particular requirement to the form in detection hole, so z1、z2、ziIt can become with the variation for excavating position (xy coordinate)
Change.Therefore z1、z2、ziIt is the binary function of x and y, Δ xiRepresent the side length of small prism x-axis direction, Δ yiRepresent small prism
The side length in body y-axis direction, is denoted as respectively:
zh=fh(x, y)
z2=f2(x, y)
zi=fh(x, y)-f2(x, y)
Function f1What is represented is the top surface of cylinder before excavating, it is understood that before the function of earth's surface, namely excavation
The function that earth's surface elevation z changes with x, y-coordinate.Similarly, f2It can be understood as the function of earth's surface after excavating.If prism bottom surface is sufficient
Enough small, then the volume for excavating part can be considered the superposition of all prism volumes, namely:
Wherein, s is the base area maximum value in all small prisms；Integral domain is that entire outline excavation is flat in xOy
The projection in face；
Step 10: according to the calculated quality of preceding step and volume, density can be calculated:
Embodiment 2:
After this example on clay filling body by digging pit, the volume change of the soil body is measured to illustrate the utilization side of this method
Formula.Specific steps are as follows:
(1) soil body three-dimensional point cloud information before digging pit and after digging pit is scanned respectively using three-dimensional laser scanner；
(2) using the surface sweeping data before digging pit as base station, remaining station data is spliced using the method that manual reconnaissance is spliced
To together.And by adjustment adjustment by error transfer factor to as small as possible；
(3) the obtained data of scanning are more, it is only necessary to the data for the part of digging pit that selection is studied, and before digging pit and dig pit
Ploydata is established respectively after data removal noise afterwards.Triangle surface grids are then established by polydata.After digging pit
Grid model is as shown in Figure 2 after software is handled；
(4) grid model for front and back of digging pit is compared, body can must be excavated after processing, as shown in Figure 3.Using 1 institute of embodiment
It is 5.3m that the integral algorithm stated, which can acquire the volume digged pit,3。
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (2)
1. measurement method is cheated in a kind of detection, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: by the ground leveling of testing pits at optional test, removing the loose soil layer in surface；
Step 2: corresponding to obtain at least one of the soil body before excavating with the soil body at least one three-dimensional laser scanner scan test
A point cloud data；
Step 3: at least one described point cloud data is obtained carry out except make an uproar, filter preprocessing；
Step 4: pretreated point cloud data being subjected to Registration and connection and completely detects hole surface model figure at a whole picture；
Step 5: the point cloud data after the completion of splicing is simplified；
Step 6: establishing high-precision surface model using the point cloud data after simplifying；
Step 7: digging out the soil body of certain mass at optional test, and the soil body sample taken is packed into soil container, claim
Quality of materialsing m, in sampling process, the form for detecting hole does not have particular requirement；
Step 8: the detection hole after the completion of being excavated with three-dimensional laser scanner scanning model is cheated with the detection after being excavated:
Step 9: by after the three-dimensional grid model alignment for excavating front and back, being transformed into the same cartesian cartesian coordinate system, by two
A model obtains cylinder simultaneously to xOy plane projection, and the volume V for excavating part is obtained according to the cylinder；
Step 10: according to the quality and volume of acquisition, density can be calculated.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein excavating the calculation method of physical volume of part in step 9 are as follows:
Wherein,
Vi=ziΔxiΔyi=(z1-z2)ΔxiΔyi
z1=f1(x, y)
z2=f2(x, y)
zi=f1(x, y)-f2(x, y)
z1、z2Respectively excavate depth of the front and back three-dimensional grid model in z-axis direction, ziIt is then the depth for excavating part, Δ xiGeneration
The side length of the small prism x-axis direction of table, Δ yiThe side length in small prism y-axis direction is represented, s is the bottom surface in all small prisms
Maximum Area；Integral domain is projection of the entire outline excavation in xOy plane.
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| CN110296747A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-01 | 深圳市知维智能科技有限公司 | The measurement method and system of the volume of storage content |
| CN110425980A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-08 | 深圳市知维智能科技有限公司 | The measurement method and system of the volume of storage facilities content |
| CN112147037A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2020-12-29 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting density of rockfill body through three-dimensional imaging |
| CN113074631A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-06 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Method for measuring rock-fill dam pit test volume through handheld three-dimensional laser scanning |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN110296747A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-01 | 深圳市知维智能科技有限公司 | The measurement method and system of the volume of storage content |
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| CN113074631A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-06 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Method for measuring rock-fill dam pit test volume through handheld three-dimensional laser scanning |
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Application publication date: 20190426 |