CN106567416A - Model test device of excavating tunnel in transparent soil foundation and test method - Google Patents
Model test device of excavating tunnel in transparent soil foundation and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106567416A CN106567416A CN201610909318.0A CN201610909318A CN106567416A CN 106567416 A CN106567416 A CN 106567416A CN 201610909318 A CN201610909318 A CN 201610909318A CN 106567416 A CN106567416 A CN 106567416A
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- water pocket
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model test device of excavating a tunnel in a transparent soil foundation and a test method. The model test device comprises a model groove, transparent soil, segmented water bags, industrial cameras, laser emitters and a laser movement track; the transparent soil is placed in the organic glass model groove; and the segmented water bags, each of which is provided with a water drainage pipe and a valve, are embedded in the transparent soil. According to the model test device, a tunnel part to be excavated is simulated through the water bags embedded in the model groove, and the tunnel excavating process is simulated through drainage of the water bags. A test method comprises the following steps that the water bags are drained one by one, the industrial cameras are adopted to photograph a laser plane in the drainage process, the three-dimensional deformation characteristic is obtained through software analysis and the like. According to the model test device and the test method, an underground tunnel excavating process needing a very large practical operation space can be simulated through one model test, so that the model is simple, the use is convenient, the test cost is low, and the simulation effect is good; and in addition, internal deformation of a soil body can be measured in real time with high accuracy, and a three-dimensional deformation field is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil construction project technical field, the model of tunnel excavation in more particularly to a kind of transparent soil base
Assay device and its using method.
Background technology
Tunnel excavation is carried out in more liquid sandy soil stratum, due to soil strength it is not high, when tunnel cross-section it is larger
When be easily caused excavation face unstability, and then excessive ground settlement may be caused, cause construction of structures around to incline or ftracture, bring
A large amount of economic losses.
And as tunnel is embedded in underground, general model test cannot observe the deformation of ground around tunnel, can only
Obtain the sedimentation change of earth's surface.According to measuring instruments such as displacement meters, the displacement of internal some key points is obtained, and these points
Outside displacement can only then estimate, if reconnaissance is inaccurate, may draw.And work as model
When assay device is less, foil gauge being embedded in ground etc. may be impacted to the property of foundation soil.And adopt large scale
Test, the problem of reconnaissance are not also resolved, and experimentation cost is high.
The ultimate principle of transparent soil is mixed with the pore liquid with identical refractive index using transparent grain material, is discharged
The transparent saturated soil that air is obtained, the soil body have similar Geotechnical Engineering Properties to natural rock-filled.Can be with using laser instrument
Speckle field is formed in transparent soil, high-precision picture can be taken with industrial camera.PIV technologies are based on image matching technology
A kind of fluid velocity e measurement technology for growing up, by contrast picture gray value not in the same time, can be with using correlation function
Relative displacement not in the same time is obtained, so as to obtain the macroscopic deformation process in Piled Embankments inside embankment soil.In the present invention
Before, transparent native technology is mainly used to simulate piling construction process, slope sliding etc., for the simulation of hypogee structure construction
It is rarely reported.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the model test apparatus of existing subterranean tunnel excavation, the present invention provides a kind of subterranean tunnel and applies
Work model test apparatus and using method, which can be simulated subterranean tunnel and excavate forward and backward full three dimensions deformation distribution, be opened
3 D deformation field during digging.
The technical scheme adopted to realize the object of the invention is such, the mould of tunnel excavation in a kind of transparent soil base
Type assay device, it is characterised in that:The assay device includes model groove, transparent soil, industrial camera, generating laser, Yi Jiruo
Dry water pocket；
Tunnel excavation model test is carried out in organic glass model groove, after partially transparent soil is filled in model groove, saturating
Bright several water pockets of native surface mount, these water pockets are in same row, each water pocket and are full of transparent pore liquid；Continuation is having
The transparent soil in portion is built in machine glass molds type groove to design height, water pocket is just embedded in transparent soil；The regional simulation that water pocket is located
The excavation region in tunnel, the length direction of string water pocket are the excavation direction in the tunnel of simulation.Each water pocket is separately provided with
Drainage pipeline and valve, drain pipe one end connection water pocket, the other end stretch out the connection of model groove and specially hold transparent pore liquid
Container, draining tube valve can control the rate of output water.
In test, using two groups of imaging devices, each group of imaging device includes photographing unit and generating laser；Laser emission
The laser of device transmitting forms a plane, penetrates transparent soil, and lasing area is and horizontal plane；Laser in two groups of imaging devices
Emitter forms a lasing area (laser instrument I generations) parallel to tunnel excavation direction respectively, and one perpendicular to tunnel excavation
The lasing area (laser instrument II generations) in direction.Carried out with PIV technologies related software by the image to two industrial camera collections
Process, the 3 D deformation field in transparent soil base during tunnel excavation is obtained.In water pocket equipped with transparent native refractive index phase
Same transparent pore liquid, in water pocket, liquid can be discharged by drain pipe；During test, pass through, one by one by water pocket
In transparency liquid release, simulation tunnel digging process, until test complete.
Invention additionally discloses in a kind of transparent soil base based on said apparatus tunnel excavation model test method, including
Following steps：
1) contrived experiment scheme, determines the transparent native depth of fill, tunnel size and buried depth.
2) clean organic glass model groove and clean；
3) transparency liquid is configured, shuts the draining tube valve of water pocket, transparency liquid is respectively charged into into each water pocket；Xiang Mo
Pour transparency liquid in type groove into, carry out with soil during quartz sand to be slowly sprinkled into model groove.
4) after with soil to design height, water pocket segmentation is put into, each water pocket is brought into close contact aligning；By each water
Capsule drain pipe stretches out, and in the container that the outlet of drain pipe is placed in outside organic glass model, the container must be less than water pocket bottom
Portion.
5) continue with soil, water pocket is embedded in transparent soil, the transparent soil height of water pocket overlying meets the buried depth of design
Require.If it is transparent soil in be mixed into excessive bubble, with it is complete soil after should make transparent native saturation using vacuum saturator.
6) the industrial camera fixed support and generating laser track of two groups of imaging systems are installed, is fixed and has been debugged phase
Machine, opens generating laser, and is slowly increased laser intensity, closes indoor light source.When camera and generating laser is installed, phase
Machine lens axis are perpendicular to laser instrument place plane.
Two groups of imaging systems are designated as imaging system I and imaging system II respectively；Generating laser I and the phase of imaging system I
Machine I connecting lines are designated as line I；The generating laser II of imaging system II is designated as line II with camera II connecting lines；Line I is parallel
In the length direction of string water pocket, length directions of the line II perpendicular to string water pocket；
7) the first water pocket valve that will be close to camera I is opened, and is at the uniform velocity released the transparency liquid in first water pocket, is covered
Generating laser II is simultaneously directed at first water pocket axis by brake sack on generating laser I, gathers image.Use Laser emission
Device irradiation model groove forms speckle field, repeatedly moves in parallel generating laser II, gathers a series of perpendicular to the figure for excavating direction
Picture.Brake sack on generating laser II is covered subsequently, cancellation is blocked to generating laser I, same repeatedly mobile laser is sent out
Emitter I, gathers series of parallel in the image for excavating direction.
8) direction towards generating laser I releases transparency liquid in each water pocket one by one, using similar to step 7)
Collection image method, until the liquid in all water pockets is given out light.Liquid measures the body for releasing liquid during releasing with measuring cup
Accumulate and record.
9) image for gathering is identified processing with PIV technologies related software, obtains transparent soil during tunnel excavation
The 3 D deformation field of ground.
Advantages of the present invention and effect are：The tunnel segment that will be excavated by the water pocket simulation imbedded in model groove, it is right
The draining simulation tunnel digging process of water pocket.And adopt two generating lasers and two cameras that the transparent of two groups of planes is obtained
Soil deformation photo, can obtain the 3 D deformation field during tunnel excavation in ground through software analysis.The present invention can be simulated
Subterranean tunnel excavates forward and backward 3 D deformation distribution, without imbedding the measuring instruments such as strain gauge.Apply practical operation space very big
Work process is simulated by a model test, and model is simple, easy to use, testing expenses are low, simulation effect is good.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the model test apparatus schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is model test apparatus elevation.
Fig. 3 is model test apparatus left view.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but only should not be construed above-mentioned subject area of the invention
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1～3, the present embodiment discloses a kind of model test apparatus of tunnel excavation in transparent soil base, the test
Device includes model groove 1, transparent soil, industrial camera 5/6, generating laser 4/7, and several water pockets 2；
Tunnel excavation model test is carried out in organic glass model groove 1, after partially transparent soil is filled in model groove 1,
Transparent native surface mount several water pockets 2, these water pockets 2 are in same row, are full of transparent pore liquid in each water pocket 2；After
Continue and the transparent soil in portion is built in organic glass model groove 1 to design height, water pocket 2 is just embedded in transparent soil；The area that water pocket 2 is located
Domain simulates the excavation region in tunnel, and the length direction of string water pocket 2 is the excavation direction in the tunnel of simulation.Each water pocket 2
It is separately provided with drain pipe 3 and valve, 3 one end of drain pipe connection water pocket 2, the other end stretch out model groove 1 and connect and specially hold
The container (being beaker 8 in embodiment) of bright pore liquid, the controllable the rate of output water of valve of drain pipe 3.
During test, comprise the following steps：
1) contrived experiment scheme, determines the transparent native depth of fill, tunnel size and buried depth.
2) clean organic glass model groove 1 and cleaned with dry towel, the dust on its surface can affect transparent native speckle field, and
Surface has water then affect the refractive index of transparency liquid.
3) configure the mixed liquor of transparency liquid, 15# white oils and n-dodecane so as to which refractive index is 1.4585, shuts water pocket 2
3 valve of drain pipe, transparency liquid is respectively charged into into each water pocket 2；Transparency liquid is poured into in model groove 1, by quartz sand
Carry out with soil in being slowly sprinkled into model groove 1.
4) after with soil to design height, the segmentation of water pocket 2 is put into, each water pocket 2 is brought into close contact aligning；By each
2 drain pipe 3 of water pocket stretches out, and in the container that the outlet of drain pipe 3 is placed in outside organic glass model, the container must be less than water
2 bottom of capsule.
5) continue with soil, water pocket 2 is embedded in transparent soil, the transparent soil height of 2 overlying of water pocket meets burying for design
It is deep to require.If it is transparent soil in be mixed into excessive bubble, with it is complete soil after should make transparent native saturation using vacuum saturator.
6) two groups of imaging systems are arranged as shown in Figure 1.Install the industrial camera fixed support of two groups of imaging systems and swash
Optical transmitting set track, fixes and has debugged camera, opens generating laser, and is slowly increased laser intensity, closes indoor light source.
When camera and generating laser is installed, camera lens axis is perpendicular to laser instrument place plane.
Two groups of imaging systems are designated as imaging system I and imaging system II respectively；The generating laser I of imaging system I is (in figure
Numbering is 7) to be designated as line I with camera I (numbering is 6 in figure) connecting line；The generating laser II of imaging system II (is numbered in figure
4) to be designated as line II with camera II (numbering is 5 in figure) connecting line；Length directions of the line I parallel to string water pocket 2, line
Length directions of the II perpendicular to string water pocket 2；
7) first 2 valve of water pocket that will be close to camera I is opened, and at the uniform velocity releases the transparency liquid in first water pocket 2, will
Generating laser II is directed at first 2 axis of water pocket, gathers image.Speckle field is formed with generating laser irradiation model groove 1,
And generating laser II is repeatedly moved in parallel, gather a series of images.
8) direction towards generating laser I releases transparency liquid in each water pocket 2 one by one, using similar to step 7)
Collection image method, until the liquid in all water pockets 2 is given out light.Liquid measures the body for releasing liquid during releasing with measuring cup
Accumulate and record.
9) image for gathering is identified processing with PIV technologies related software, obtains transparent soil during tunnel excavation
The 3 D deformation field of ground.
Claims (2)
1. in a kind of transparent soil base tunnel excavation model test apparatus, it is characterised in that:The assay device include model groove,
Transparent soil, industrial camera, the generating laser with brake sack, and several water pockets；
Tunnel excavation model test is carried out in the organic glass model groove, after partially transparent soil is filled in model groove, saturating
Bright several water pockets of native surface mount, these water pockets are in same row, each water pocket and are full of the transparent pore liquid；Continue
The transparent soil in portion is built in organic glass model groove to design height, water pocket is just embedded in transparent soil；The region mould that water pocket is located
The excavation region in tunnel is intended, the length direction of string water pocket is the excavation direction in the tunnel of simulation.Each water pocket individually sets
Drainage pipeline and valve are equipped with, drain pipe one end connection water pocket, the other end stretch out the connection of model groove and specially hold transparent Pore Solution
The container of body, draining tube valve can control the rate of output water.
In test, using two groups of imaging devices, each group of imaging device includes photographing unit and generating laser；Generating laser is sent out
The laser penetrated forms a plane, penetrates transparent soil, and lasing area is and horizontal plane；Laser emission in two groups of imaging devices
Device forms a lasing area (laser instrument I generations) parallel to tunnel excavation direction respectively, and one perpendicular to tunnel excavation direction
Lasing area (laser instrument II generations).Processed with PIV technology related softwares by the image to two industrial camera collections,
The 3 D deformation field in transparent soil base during tunnel excavation is obtained.Equipped with saturating with transparent native refractive index identical in water pocket
Bright pore liquid, in water pocket, liquid can be discharged by drain pipe；During test, pass through, one by one will be saturating in water pocket
Prescribed liquid is released, simulation tunnel digging process, until test is completed.
2. in a kind of transparent soil base based on claim 1 described device tunnel excavation model test method, its feature exists
In comprising the following steps：
1) contrived experiment scheme, determines the transparent native depth of fill, tunnel size and buried depth.
2) clean organic glass model groove and clean；
3) transparency liquid is configured, shuts the draining tube valve of water pocket, transparency liquid is respectively charged into into each water pocket；To model groove
In pour transparency liquid into, carry out with soil during quartz sand to be slowly sprinkled into model groove.
4) after with soil to design height, water pocket segmentation is put into, each water pocket is brought into close contact aligning；Each water pocket is arranged
Water pipe stretches out, and in the container that the outlet of drain pipe is placed in outside organic glass model, the container must be less than water pocket bottom.
5) continue with soil, water pocket is embedded in transparent soil, the buried depth that the transparent soil height of water pocket overlying meets design is required.
If it is transparent soil in be mixed into excessive bubble, with it is complete soil after should make transparent native saturation using vacuum saturator.
6) the industrial camera fixed support and generating laser track of two groups of imaging systems are installed, camera is fixed and debugged,
Generating laser is opened, and is slowly increased laser intensity, close indoor light source.When camera and generating laser is installed, camera
Lens axis are perpendicular to laser instrument place plane.
Two groups of imaging systems are designated as imaging system I and imaging system II respectively；The generating laser I and camera I of imaging system I connects
Wiring is designated as line I；The generating laser II of imaging system II is designated as line II with camera II connecting lines；Line I is parallel to one
The length direction of row water pocket, length directions of the line II perpendicular to string water pocket；
7) the first water pocket valve that will be close to camera I is opened, and is at the uniform velocity released the transparency liquid in first water pocket, is covered laser
Generating laser II is simultaneously directed at first water pocket axis by brake sack on emitter I, gathers image.Shone with generating laser
Penetrate model groove and form speckle field, repeatedly move in parallel generating laser II, gather a series of perpendicular to the image for excavating direction.With
The brake sack on generating laser II is covered afterwards, and cancellation is blocked to generating laser I, same repeatedly mobile generating laser I,
Collection is series of parallel in the image for excavating direction.
8) direction towards generating laser I releases transparency liquid in each water pocket one by one, using similar to step 7) collection
Image method, until the liquid in all water pockets is given out light.Liquid measures the volume for releasing liquid simultaneously during releasing with measuring cup
Record.
9) image for gathering is identified processing with PIV technologies related software, obtains transparent soil base during tunnel excavation
3 D deformation field.
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| CN107012888A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-04 | 宁波市交通建设工程试验检测中心有限公司 | A kind of tunneling device |
| CN107657649A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-02-02 | 成都尤维克科技有限公司 | A kind of construction method of Machine Vision Detection image library |
| CN107782248A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-03-09 | 重庆大学 | A kind of tunnel excavation deformation Visualization Model experimental provision and method |
| CN109958147A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-07-02 | 浙江大学 | It is a kind of to simulate asymmetric excavation pit to the hypergravity model test apparatus and method of lower sleeping tunnel influence |
| CN110736761A (en) * | 2019-09-28 | 2020-01-31 | 同济大学 | Visual test device and method for influence of temperature changes on subway tunnel |
| CN112083145A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-15 | 东南大学 | Test equipment and method for simulating excavation soil arch effect of cross chamber |
| CN113552316A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-26 | 重庆大学溧阳智慧城市研究院 | Multifunctional transparent soil model test device for simulating static and dynamic loading and excavation and use method thereof |
| CN116337626A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-06-27 | 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 | Tunnel excavation surface model test device and excavation surface collapse model acquisition method |
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