CN112083145A - Test equipment and method for simulating excavation soil arch effect of cross chamber - Google Patents
Test equipment and method for simulating excavation soil arch effect of cross chamber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses test equipment and a method for simulating a soil arch effect of cross chamber excavation, wherein the test equipment comprises a model box made of a transparent material, and grids with scales are arranged on the periphery of the model box; the chamber model is arranged inside the model box; the multi-cavity air bag is arranged in the chamber model, the shape of the multi-cavity air bag is consistent with that of a chamber to be excavated, the chamber model comprises a main chamber and a branch chamber, and the main chamber is connected with the branch chamber through a flexible connecting piece with an adjustable angle; the detection instrument is arranged at the intersection of the main chamber and the forked chamber and is used for detecting the stress at the intersection of the main chamber and the forked chamber; and the image acquisition equipment is used for shooting the intersection part of the main chamber and the branch chamber at multiple angles in the whole experiment process. The device can obtain the final collapse arch, particularly the collapse arch under the complex structure of the bifurcation tunnel according to the dynamic tracking tunnel construction and the change process of the tunnel surrounding rock, and carry out the three-dimensional dynamic simulation of tunnel excavation according to the acquired information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for simulating the excavation soil arch effect of a cross chamber, and belongs to a physical model test device capable of truly simulating the stress change of a tunnel excavation soil body and the formation of a soil body collapse arch in the field of geotechnical engineering.
Background
With the high-speed development of economy in China, roads, buildings and water conservancy construction businesses in China are also developed vigorously, foundation pit engineering needs to be paid attention to all projects, and the fact that the instability of a supporting structure can bring disastrous results to construction. The indoor test can not be separated from the engineering construction, particularly, the indoor model test can simulate the stress condition and the deformation condition of the engineering construction and the use by reducing the scale of the component, which has great guiding significance for the stability and the applicability of the engineering project after the engineering project is built. The design of the underground chamber firstly needs to determine the deep and shallow burying, and a criterion for the deep and shallow burying is whether the top of the underground chamber can form a complete collapse arch, and for a bifurcation chamber, because the collapse arches of the two chambers influence each other, the collapse arches of the crossover chamber at different angles are different, so that the determination of the collapse arch of the crossover chamber plays a decisive role in the design of the underground chamber.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a test equipment set method for simulating the excavation soil arch effect of a cross chamber, which can truly simulate the excavation process of an excavation soil arch tunnel of the cross chamber.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test device for simulating the excavation soil arch effect of a cross chamber comprises:
the model box is made of transparent materials, and grids with scales are arranged on the periphery of the model box;
the chamber model is arranged inside the model box;
the multi-cavity air bag is arranged in the chamber model, has the shape and the size consistent with the shape and the size of the chamber to be excavated, and is divided into a plurality of air bag units, the number of the air bag units is the same as the number of steps to be excavated in the chamber, and all the air bag units are mutually closed; each air bag unit is respectively connected with gas generation equipment or hydraulic generation equipment through an independent pipeline;
the chamber model comprises a main chamber and a branch chamber, and the main chamber is connected with the branch chamber through a flexible connecting piece with an adjustable angle;
the model box is a box body made of transparent materials;
the detection instrument is arranged at the intersection of the main chamber and the forked chamber and is used for detecting the stress at the intersection of the main chamber and the forked chamber;
the image acquisition equipment is arranged outside the model box and is used for shooting the intersection part of the main chamber and the turnout chamber at multiple angles in the whole experiment process;
and the data acquisition instrument is in signal connection with the detection instrument.
And a movable door capable of being opened or closed is arranged on the box body of the model box.
The flexible connecting piece is a high-toughness rubber film.
The multi-cavity air bag comprises a plurality of arc-shaped air bag units and a plurality of square air bag units, wherein the arc-shaped air bag units are semicircular or elliptical or horseshoe-shaped, the height is 5-20 cm, and the length is 2-200 cm;
the square air bag unit is square or rectangular, the height is 5-20 cm, and the length is 2-200 cm;
each arc-shaped air bag unit and each square air bag unit are respectively provided with a drainage bent pipe, and each drainage bent pipe is connected with the gas generation equipment or the hydraulic generation equipment sequentially through a drainage straight pipe and a pressure pipe.
The chamber model is an arch support structure, and a multi-cavity air bag is preset in the arch support structure.
The detecting instrument is a soil pressure cell, a displacement meter, a strain gauge, a pore pressure meter or a settlement plate.
The grid precision of the grid with the scales is smaller than 1 mm.
The image capturing device is a high speed camera.
The invention further discloses a test method of the test equipment for simulating the soil arch effect of the cross chamber excavation, a model box is placed at a test position, filling materials are filled in the model box, a model box opening is arranged at the lower side of the model box, a movable door blocking filling material is arranged at the outer side of the model box opening, one end of a pressure pipe is connected with a multi-cavity air bag, and the other end of the pressure pipe extends out through the model box opening and is connected with gas generation equipment or hydraulic generation equipment;
before the test starts, a data acquisition instrument and image acquisition equipment are started;
when the test is started, liquid or gas in the multi-cavity air bag is discharged through gas generation equipment or hydraulic pressure generation equipment, and the underground chamber excavation process is simulated; the construction method for simulating tunnel excavation in the process comprises the steps of sequentially discharging liquid or gas in a multi-cavity air bag, and starting to discharge filling liquid or gas of an air bag unit of the next plane after the last air bag unit of the same plane is completely discharged during discharging;
in the liquid or gas discharging process, the filling material can sink under the gravity, the main chamber and the branch chamber can respectively form collapse arches, and the cross positions of the main chamber and the branch chamber can form the collapse arches overlapped under different angles;
the image acquisition equipment is placed at the intersection part of the main chamber and the branch chamber after excavation for multi-angle shooting, all shot pictures are arranged according to the time sequence, each picture is taken as a frame for continuous splicing, and the dynamic collapse process of the filling material and the finally formed arch structure in the tunnel excavation process are observed by taking the scale grids as the reference;
finally, by means of a cross section filling material collapse arch structure photo shot in multiple angles, when the simulation material occupies the grids, the grids are marked to be black, and when the grids are not occupied, the grids are marked to be white;
inputting the result into three-dimensional simulation software to simulate a three-dimensional arch effect model formed after the cross tunnel is excavated.
The chamber model is selected according to the shape of the actual engineering section and is circular, arched, oval or rectangular; the multi-cavity airbag comprises an arc airbag unit and a square airbag unit, the number and the shape of the arc airbag unit and the square airbag unit are selected according to the form and the construction method of a tunnel, and the arc airbag unit and the square airbag unit are spliced in the horseshoe-shaped tunnel;
the circular tunnel is spliced by a plurality of arc-shaped air bag units;
the rectangular tunnel is spliced by adopting a plurality of square air bag units.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the traditional test technology, the invention firstly solves the problem of single form of the simulated tunnel, and different section forms can be selected according to the actual working conditions;
secondly, different excavation modes can be simulated according to actual working conditions; and finally, according to the dynamic tracking of the tunnel construction and the change process of the tunnel surrounding rocks, obtaining the final collapse arch, particularly the collapse arch under the complex structure of the bifurcation tunnel, and performing three-dimensional dynamic simulation of tunnel excavation according to the acquired information.
The invention solves the defects that the collapse arch form and size of the underground forked chambers with different angles cannot be really simulated in the past, can be applied to an indoor physical model test, can adjust the excavation process according to the actual engineering, is not easy to disturb the soil body in the excavation process, and ensures the integrity and authenticity of the collapse arch.
The invention has the characteristics of economy, reliability and repeatability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus for simulating the soil arching effect of a cross-chamber excavation according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a high-speed camera; 2. a camera support; 3. a movable door; 4. opening the mold box; 5. a model box; 6. a filler material; 7. a grid with scales; 8. a wire; 9. a data acquisition instrument; 10. a hydraulic pressure recovery device; 11. a pressure pipe;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the interior layout of a mold box of a test apparatus for simulating the excavation soil arching effect of the cross-over chamber according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an arc-shaped air bag unit and a square-shaped air bag unit of a test apparatus for simulating the soil arching effect of the cross-chamber excavation according to the present invention.
Wherein: 12. an arc-shaped airbag unit; 13. a square airbag unit; 14. a drainage groove;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the diversion trench of a test apparatus for simulating the soil arching effect of cross-chamber excavation according to the present invention.
Wherein: 15. a straight drainage tube; 16. a pipe fixing frame; 17. a drainage elbow;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the main chamber drainage slots of the test apparatus of the present invention for simulating the soil arching effect of cross-chamber excavation.
Wherein: 20. a drainage connecting pipe;
fig. 6 is a cross-port connection schematic diagram of a test apparatus for simulating the soil arching effect of cross-chamber excavation according to the present invention.
Wherein: 18. a high-toughness rubber film; 19. a steel arch frame; 21. and (5) monitoring the instrument.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure, and all changes and modifications that would be obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention and the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention discloses a test equipment for simulating the excavation soil arch effect of a cross chamber, which mainly comprises: the device comprises a high-speed camera, a camera support, a movable door, a mold box opening, a mold box, a filling material, a scale grid, a lead, a data acquisition instrument, a hydraulic recovery device, a pressure pipe, an arc-shaped air bag unit, a square air bag unit, a drainage groove, a drainage straight pipe, a pipeline fixing frame, a drainage bent pipe, a high-toughness rubber film, a steel arch frame, a drainage connecting pipe and a monitoring instrument.
The model box is a cylindrical box body, the radius of the model box is 0.5-3 m, the material is high-strength organic glass, and the wall thickness is 0.5-5 cm. The opening of the model box is reserved at the bottom of the model box, the size of the opening is equal to the size of the model, the opening angle is 60 degrees, and one side of the small chamber can be guaranteed to move within 60 degrees.
The opening of the mold box is provided with a movable door, the height of the movable door is slightly higher than that of the opening of the mold box, and the movable door can move together with the small chamber, so that the movable door can also move within the range of 60 degrees to block the filling material filled in the mold box. The filling material can be configured according to experiments, and is common soil generally.
The arc-shaped air bag unit and the square air bag unit are of film-bag-shaped structures, the arc-shaped air bag unit is semicircular or elliptical or horseshoe-shaped, the size of the arc-shaped air bag unit is 5-20 cm, and the thickness of the arc-shaped air bag unit is 2-200 cm. The square air bag unit can be square or rectangular, the size is 5-20 cm, and the thickness is 2-200 cm. The material can be plastic or rubber or a novel polymer material, and the wall thickness is 0.075-0.15 mm. Filled with gas or liquid.
Every arc gasbag unit and square gasbag unit all have a drainage return bend, and every drainage return bend all is connected with the drainage straight tube, and drainage return bend and drainage straight tube diameter are 0.5~2cm, and the material is glass or plastics. The drainage straight pipe and the drainage bent pipe are connected with the pressure pipe, and liquid (gas) in the sac is input or recovered to the hydraulic recovery device through the channel. The drainage straight pipe between the main chamber and the branch chamber is connected through a drainage connecting pipe, and the size and the material of the drainage connecting pipe are matched with those of the drainage straight pipe.
The main framework of the chamber is supported by a steel arch frame, monitoring instruments are arranged at the turnout junction, the monitoring instruments can be soil pressure boxes, displacement meters, strain gauges, pore pressure meters or settling plates and the like, the arrangement positions and the intervals can be selected automatically according to the test requirements, and the monitoring instruments are connected with a data acquisition instrument through leads.
The connection between the branch chamber port and the main chamber port adopts a high-toughness rubber film, so that the chambers are prevented from falling off when the angles of the chambers are adjusted. And scale grids are uniformly distributed around the model box, the precision of the scale grids is selected according to needs, the recommended thickness is less than 1mm, and transparent plastic grid paper is recommended to be selected for pasting.
And arranging a high-speed camera at a certain distance from the model box, wherein the distance is selected according to actual needs. The high-speed cameras are placed on a camera support, the arrangement positions and the heights are selected according to requirements, and three cameras are suggested to be arranged on two sides of the main chamber and one side of the branch chamber. The high-speed camera shooting speed is selected according to needs, and is recommended to be less than 1 s/sheet.
The method comprises the following steps of placing a model box at a test position, arranging scale grids around the model box, arranging a steel arch at the bottom of the model box, and selecting an angle between a main chamber and a branch chamber according to actual needs. Arc gasbag unit, square gasbag unit are settled to inside at the steel bow member, reserve installation drainage groove position installation pipeline mount in arc gasbag unit, square gasbag unit center, arrange the drainage straight tube in the drainage groove, then pass through the drainage return bend with arc gasbag unit, square gasbag unit and drainage straight tube and be connected. The main chamber is connected with the branch chamber through a high-toughness rubber film to ensure that the main chamber does not fall off, and the drainage straight pipes of the main chamber and the branch chamber are connected through a drainage connecting pipe. The drainage straight pipe is connected with the hydraulic recovery device through a pressure pipe. The arc-shaped air bag unit and the square air bag unit are filled with liquid (gas) through a hydraulic recovery device. During the filling of the mold box with the filling material, the monitoring device is arranged at a desired position and connected to the data acquisition device via a wire. The lower side of the model box is provided with a model box opening, the outer side of the model box opening is provided with a movable door blocking filling material, and liquid (gas) filled in the arc-shaped air bag unit and the square air bag unit can extend out of the model box from the opening and is connected with a hydraulic recovery device through a pressure pipe. A camera support is arranged around the model box, and a high-speed camera is placed.
Before the test is started, a data acquisition instrument and a high-speed camera are turned on; when the test is started, liquid or gas in the multi-cavity air bag is discharged through gas generation equipment or hydraulic pressure generation equipment, and the underground chamber excavation process is simulated; the construction method for simulating tunnel excavation in the process comprises the steps that the arc-shaped air bag units firstly discharge liquid (gas), the square air bag units discharge the liquid (gas) one by one after the two arc-shaped air bag units discharge the liquid (gas), and the liquid (gas) filling of the arc-shaped air bag unit of the next plane starts to be discharged after the last square air bag unit of the same plane finishes discharging; simulating the underground chamber excavation process by pressing in; during the liquid or gas discharge process, the filling material will sink under gravity, the main chamber and the branch chamber will form collapse arches respectively, and the cross positions of the main chamber and the branch chamber will form the collapse arches overlapped under different angles.
Placing a camera on the excavated cross part for multi-angle shooting, and removing all equipment after shooting is finished for the next use; the high-speed camera is always in a shooting state, all shot pictures are arranged according to a time sequence, each picture is taken as a frame for continuous splicing, and the dynamic collapse process of the filling material in the tunnel excavation process and the finally formed arch structure can be observed by taking the scale grids as the reference; and finally, by means of a multi-angle shot picture of the collapse arch structure of the filling material at the cross section, when the simulation material occupies the grids, the grids are marked as black, and when the grids are not occupied, the grids are marked as white, and finally, the result is input into three-dimensional simulation software to simulate a three-dimensional arch effect model formed after the cross tunnel is excavated.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for simulating the excavation soil arch effect of a cross chamber comprises:
the model box is made of transparent materials, and grids with scales are arranged on the periphery of the model box;
the chamber model is arranged inside the model box;
the multi-cavity air bag is arranged in the chamber model, has the shape and the size consistent with the shape and the size of the chamber to be excavated, and is divided into a plurality of air bag units, the number of the air bag units is the same as the number of steps to be excavated in the chamber, and all the air bag units are mutually closed; each air bag unit is respectively connected with gas generation equipment or hydraulic generation equipment through an independent pipeline;
the underground coal mine underground;
the model box is a box body made of transparent materials;
the detection instrument is arranged at the intersection of the main chamber and the forked chamber and is used for detecting the stress at the intersection of the main chamber and the forked chamber;
the image acquisition equipment is arranged outside the model box and is used for shooting the intersection part of the main chamber and the turnout chamber at multiple angles in the whole experiment process;
and the data acquisition instrument is in signal connection with the detection instrument.
2. The test equipment for simulating the excavation soil arching effect of the cross chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing of the model casing is provided with a movable door which can be opened or closed.
3. The test rig for simulating a cross-chamber excavation soil arching effect of claim 1, wherein the flexible connectors are high tenacity rubber membranes.
4. The test equipment for simulating the excavation soil arching effect of the cross-chamber according to claim 1, wherein the multi-cavity air bag comprises a plurality of arc-shaped air bag units and a plurality of square air bag units, the arc-shaped air bag units are semicircular, elliptic or horseshoe-shaped, the height is 5-20 cm, and the length is 2-200 cm;
the square air bag unit is square or rectangular, the height is 5-20 cm, and the length is 2-200 cm;
each arc-shaped air bag unit and each square air bag unit are respectively provided with a drainage bent pipe, and each drainage bent pipe is connected with the gas generation equipment or the hydraulic generation equipment sequentially through a drainage straight pipe and a pressure pipe.
5. The test rig for simulating a cross-chamber excavated earth arch effect of claim 1, wherein the chamber model is an arch support structure having a plurality of chambers pre-positioned therein.
6. The test rig for simulating the excavation soil arching effect of a cross-chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection instrument is a soil pressure cell, a displacement gauge, a strain gauge, a pore pressure gauge or a settlement plate.
7. The test rig for simulating a cross-chamber excavation soil arching effect of claim 1, wherein the graduated grid has a grid accuracy of less than 1 mm.
8. The test rig for simulating the excavation soil arching effect of a cross-chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing device is a high speed camera.
9. A test method of a test device for simulating the excavation soil arching effect of a cross chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a model box is placed at a test position, the model box is filled with a filling material, a model box opening is formed in the lower side of the model box, a movable door blocking filling material is arranged outside the model box opening, one end of a pressure pipe is connected with a multi-cavity air bag, and the other end of the pressure pipe extends out through the model box opening and is connected with a gas generation device or a hydraulic generation device;
before the test starts, a data acquisition instrument and image acquisition equipment are started;
when the test is started, liquid or gas in the multi-cavity air bag is discharged through gas generation equipment or hydraulic pressure generation equipment, and the underground chamber excavation process is simulated; the construction method for simulating tunnel excavation in the process comprises the steps of sequentially discharging liquid or gas in a multi-cavity air bag, and starting to discharge filling liquid or gas of an air bag unit of the next plane after the last air bag unit of the same plane is completely discharged during discharging;
in the liquid or gas discharging process, the filling material can sink under the gravity, the main chamber and the branch chamber can respectively form collapse arches, and the cross positions of the main chamber and the branch chamber can form the collapse arches overlapped under different angles;
the image acquisition equipment is placed at the intersection part of the main chamber and the branch chamber after excavation for multi-angle shooting, all shot pictures are arranged according to the time sequence, each picture is taken as a frame for continuous splicing, and the dynamic collapse process of the filling material and the finally formed arch structure in the tunnel excavation process are observed by taking the scale grids as the reference;
finally, by means of a cross section filling material collapse arch structure photo shot in multiple angles, when the simulation material occupies the grids, the grids are marked to be black, and when the grids are not occupied, the grids are marked to be white;
inputting the result into three-dimensional simulation software to simulate a three-dimensional arch effect model formed after the cross tunnel is excavated.
10. The method of testing apparatus for simulating a test of a cross-chamber excavation soil arching effect of claim 9, wherein the chamber model is selected according to an actual project cross-sectional shape and is circular, arched, oval or rectangular; the multi-cavity airbag comprises an arc airbag unit and a square airbag unit, the number and the shape of the arc airbag unit and the square airbag unit are selected according to the form and the construction method of a tunnel, and the arc airbag unit and the square airbag unit are spliced in the horseshoe-shaped tunnel;
the circular tunnel is spliced by a plurality of arc-shaped air bag units;
the rectangular tunnel is spliced by adopting a plurality of square air bag units.
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| US20220349147A1 (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2022-11-03 | Shandong University | Platform, system and method for simulating critical rock collapse of surrounding rock in underground engineering |
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