CN110232860A - Multifunction test device and its test method for soil mechanics plane strain problems - Google Patents
Multifunction test device and its test method for soil mechanics plane strain problems Download PDFInfo
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- CN110232860A CN110232860A CN201910502972.3A CN201910502972A CN110232860A CN 110232860 A CN110232860 A CN 110232860A CN 201910502972 A CN201910502972 A CN 201910502972A CN 110232860 A CN110232860 A CN 110232860A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multifunction test devices and its test method for soil mechanics plane strain problems, including model casing, vertical loading device, horizontal loading apparatus, the vertical loading device, horizontal loading apparatus are equipped with pressure sensor with foundation model surface contact position respectively, the test structure surface protruded into inside foundation model is equipped with the strain transducer for measuring dependent variable, and pressure sensor, strain transducer are connect with data acquisition equipment；Image capture device is installed, image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and monitored in real time, or the storage card insertion computer in image capture device is read outside model casing.Present invention load is accurate, stablizes, and simulation effect is improved, to improve the reliability of test result；Structure is simple, easy for installation, cheap, widely used, saves resource, solves the problems of the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil mechanics experimental rig technical fields, are related to a kind of more function for soil mechanics plane strain problems
It can experimental rig and its test method.
Background technique
Simulation is first to found a similar model according to the main feature of prototype under lab, to grind indirectly
Study carefully the experimental method of Prototype Law.According to the similarity relation between model and prototype, simulation can be divided into physical analogy sum number
Learn two kinds of simulation.In geotechnological field, indoor model test be for disclose or predict the mechanical behavior of earth structure prototype and
The effective means of form has critical role in structure design and analysis.A big chunk problem is all conduct in soil mechanics
What plane strain problems took in, such as stability of slope, Earth Pressure of Retaining Wall etc., it also substantially can while simplifying problem
Meet requirement of engineering.However, numerous engineering staffs or College Teachers generally require to design to study different soil mechanics problems
The model casings different with manufacture are demonstrated, and the huge waste of time energy money is caused；Existing multifunction test device adapts to
Simulated experiment type be mostly two or three kind, limitation is larger in practical applications；The setting of vertical and lateral loading device is unreasonable,
It is difficult to realize stablize, accurately load, influence to simulate effect.Therefore, it is necessary to design a kind of multi-functional experimental rig to make up
Drawbacks described above.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of multifunction test dress for soil mechanics plane strain problems
It sets, load is accurate, stablizes, and simulation effect is improved, to improve the reliability of measurement result；Structure is simple, easy for installation, cost
It is cheap, widely used, resource is saved, solves the problems of the prior art.
It is another object of the invention to provide a kind of test method for soil mechanics plane strain problems, use is above-mentioned
Multifunction test device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems,
Include:
Model casing, the upper end opening of model casing, for filling the soil body, foundation model needed for forming test；Model casing
Front panel is equipped with several location holes, and location hole is arranged in the form of an array, and stopple is equipped with when positioning hole does not have connecting pipeline,
Model casing, stopple are all made of transparent material；One side wall of model casing is equipped with connector, and connector detachably connects with sidewall panel
It connects；
Vertical loading device, including gear set, screw thread compression bar, power transmission steel plate and rigid foundation；Gear set is set to model casing
Top and horizontal position is adjustable, power drive unit connection gear group, gear set is engaged with screw thread compression bar, the lower end of screw thread compression bar
It is connected to power transmission steel plate center, power transmission steel plate is connect with rigid foundation；
Horizontal loading apparatus, including slot baffle winged, screw putter and nut seat fixed plate, nut seat fixed plate and mould
Another side wall of molding box connects, and is uniformly provided with multiple mounting holes on nut seat fixed plate vertical axis, as needed at one or
Screw putter is installed, screw putter is threadedly coupled and is mutually perpendicular to nut seat fixed plate, screw putter in two mounting holes
Stretch out model casing one end be equipped with rotating handle, screw putter protrude into model casing one end it is hemispherical and with fluting winged gear
Groove on plate is in contact, and groove is set on the vertical axis of slot baffle winged, the domed ends and groove of screw putter
Shape, size match, slot baffle winged is equipped with wing plate close to the two sides of model chamber interior wall, and wing plate is parallel with groove；
The vertical loading device, horizontal loading apparatus are equipped with pressure sensing with foundation model surface contact position respectively
Device, the test structure surface protruded into inside foundation model are equipped with the strain transducer for measuring dependent variable, and pressure sensor is answered
Become sensor to connect with data acquisition equipment；Image capture device is installed, image capture device passes through nothing outside model casing
Gauze network is connect with computer to be monitored in real time, or the storage card insertion computer in image capture device is read.
Further, the sidewall panel is stacked side plate, and there are seams between two adjacent side plates of stacked side plate
Gap, the muscle material being embedded in foundation model are stretched out from the gap of stacked side plate, and gap width matches with muscle material size, is laminated
The height of every block of side plate in formula side plate is vertically spaced with muscle material to match, and the outside of stacked side plate is filled equipped with horizontal drawing
It sets, horizontal draw-off gear is connect with muscle material.
Further, the gear set include driving gear, first gear to, second gear to and third gear mesh, it is main
Moving gear, first gear are to being bevel gear, and the output end of driving gear and motor connects, driving gear and first gear centering
The engagement of a gear, second gear pair is installed on the central axis of first gear pair, between second gear pair and screw thread compression bar
Third gear mesh is installed, with second gear to engaging, the third gear mesh other side is nibbled with screw thread compression bar for third gear mesh side
It closes.
Further, the gear set is fixedly connected by gear mounting plate with adjustable plate, and adjustable plate is installed on movable type
The top of frame, horizontal position of the adjustable plate at the top of travelling frame is adjustable, and travelling frame is installed on the outside of model casing,
The frame foot bottom of travelling frame is embedded with wheel, and the frame foot two sides of travelling frame are equipped with connecting rod, and the bottom end of connecting rod is higher than
Connecting rod is fixed on ground using bolt after travelling frame movement is in place by wheel.
Further, the spacing of the two neighboring location hole is 10cm or 20cm；The outside aperture of location hole is less than interior
Lateral aperture is fixed stopple from model chamber interior wall using transparent adhesive tape.
Further, the rigid foundation perpendicular to front panel width and model casing it is of same size, nut seat is fixed
Plate and model casing are integrally formed；The two sides of sidewall panel are equipped with the interconnecting piece that cross section is L-type, the shape of connector connecting pin
Match with the shape of interconnecting piece.
A kind of test method for simulating subgrade settlement, using the above-mentioned multifunction test for soil mechanics plane strain problems
Device specifically follows the steps below:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines foundation model filling height, roadbed model fills width, height
And grade of side slope；
S2, foundation model and roadbed model needed for filling test in model casing fill color sand layer in roadbed model；On ground
Basic mode type embedded set water bag, water bag top is concordant with roadbed model bottom surface, and water bag is connect with water pipe, and water pipe is connected across location hole
Pond outside to model casing, water pipe are equipped with valve；
S3 opens valve, and the water in water bag discharges in the pond to outside model casing, and roadbed model loses support above water bag
And it collapses；Image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and is monitored in real time, or will be in image capture device
Storage card insertion computer read.
A kind of test method measuring barricade Wall back pressure, using above-mentioned more function for soil mechanics plane strain problems
Energy experimental rig, specifically follows the steps below:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines model cross sectional dimensions, barricade grading angle, top of the slope load；
Then S2, the placement in layers in model casing are formed by way of excavating and cutting slope, tested needed to basic mode
Type uniformly fills color sand layer in foundation model；Screw putter is screwed in the mounting hole of nut seat fixed plate, keeps off fluting winged
Plate fits closely the native table of foundation model；Rigid foundation is close at the top of foundation model, between rigid foundation and foundation model, band
Multiple thin-film pressure sensors, thin-film pressure sensor and number are uniformly provided between wing slot baffle and foundation model respectively
According to acquisition equipment connection, simultaneously debugging test equipment is verified；
Screw putter is threaded to be detached from slot baffle winged by S3, and the soil pressure measured at this time is earth pressure at rest；By screw thread
Push rod is threaded to be bonded slot baffle winged, and vertical loading device is loaded at the top of foundation model by rigid foundation, when filling out
Soil is when laterally pushing slot baffle winged to active boundary shift value, the soil between slot baffle and foundation model winged measured
Pressure is active earth pressure；Screw putter is persistently screwed in measure when slot baffle winged pushes the soil body to passive boundary shift value
Soil pressure be passive earth pressure；Image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and is monitored in real time, or will
Storage card insertion computer in image capture device is read.
A kind of test method measuring foundation bearing capacity and pile side friction is asked using above-mentioned for soil mechanics plane strain
The multifunction test device of topic, specifically follows the steps below:
S1, select or preparation test needed for the soil body, determine model height, the length of pile foundation support table width and stake, diameter and
Quantity；
S2, the foundation model needed for filling test in model casing bury stake in foundation model, and the side wall of stake is along axial uniform
Equipped with multiple foil gauges, vertical loading device passes through rigid foundation in the top-loaded of stake；The bottom of rigid foundation is uniformly provided with
Multiple thin-film pressure sensors, foil gauge, thin-film pressure sensor are connect with data acquisition equipment；
S3, real-time tracking and the display of test data are carried out using data acquisition equipment, until terminating；It is heavy to draw ground
Drop-load curve, the unit mm of settlement of foundation, is measured using ruler；Foundation load is measured by thin-film pressure sensor；
When calculating pile side friction, pile strainR is resistance value in formula, and △ R is increased resistance value, and K is
Resistance wire sensitivity coefficient, pile shaft force are as follows: Qi=EA εi, Q in formulaiFor the pile shaft force in the i-th section, εiFor the pile body in the i-th section
Measured value is strained, E is pile body elasticity modulus, and A is pile body sectional area, the pile side friction of certain section of pile body are as follows: qsi=(Qi-Qi+1)/
(uli), u is pile body perimeter, l in formulaiFor this section of pile body length；Wherein, resistance value R, increased resistance value △ R are that foil gauge is surveyed
, resistance wire sensitivity coefficient K is the inherent parameters of foil gauge.
A kind of test method for simulating slope stability, using the above-mentioned multi-functional examination for soil mechanics plane strain problems
Experiment device specifically follows the steps below:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines model slope height, the gradient, top of the slope load；
S2, foundation model and roadbed model needed for filling test in model casing uniformly fill color sand layer in roadbed model；
Rigid foundation and the top for being close to foundation model, the bottom of rigid foundation are uniformly provided with multiple thin-film pressure sensors, film
Formula pressure sensor is connect with data acquisition equipment, vertical loading device by rigid foundation foundation model top-loaded,
Pass through computer settings top of the slope load；
Water mist spraying head and halogen lamp are installed, water mist spraying head is connect with the adjustable water tank of flow, halogen above foundation model
Plain lamp is connected with the electronic box of power adjustable, and water tank, electronic box are mounted at the top of travelling frame, verifies simultaneously debugging test equipment；
S3 realizes the humidification or dehumidification to foundation model by water mist spraying head and halogen lamp, simulated rainfall, solarization nature
Environment, until slope instability sloughing；Image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and is monitored in real time, or will
Storage card insertion computer in image capture device is read.
The invention has the advantages that the invention has the following advantages that
1. the present invention is simple to manufacture, is easy for installation, is cheap；Vertical loading device includes gear set, screw thread compression bar, passes
Power steel plate and rigid foundation, load is accurate, stablizes, uniformly；Horizontal loading apparatus includes slot baffle, screw putter and spiral shell winged
Base fixed plate installs one or two screw putter as needed, realizes slot baffle translation or rotation winged；Groove is set to
On the vertical axis of slot baffle winged, the domed ends of screw putter and shape, the size of groove match, fluting winged
Baffle is equipped with wing plate close to the two sides of model chamber interior wall, and wing plate is parallel with groove so that installation when wing plate and model casing it is interior
Wall contact, slot baffle winged deflects when preventing from loading using screw putter, so that slot baffle uniform force winged, really
It protects soil deformation and belongs to plane strain problems, simulation effect is improved, to improve the reliability of measurement result.
2. the front panel of model casing is equipped with several location holes, location hole is arranged in the form of an array, can accurately be assisted
Positioning molding is also used as reserved pipeline hole；When positioning hole does not have connecting pipeline, stopple, model casing, hole are installed
Plug is all made of transparent material, further studies convenient for whole process camera shooting for the later period and provides convenience；One side wall of model casing, which is equipped with, to be connected
Interface, connector are detachably connected with sidewall panel, and sidewall panel monoblock type side plate or stacked side plate, structure is simple, connection
Reliably, under the premise of not destroying overall structure, it can be used in muscle material drawing experiment, improve applicability.
3. the present invention can be used in soil pressure, foundation bearing capacity, pile side friction, slope stability, subgrade settlement (roadbed
Settle and collapse), pattern foundation pit supporting structure, the soil mechanics test such as muscle material drawing, greatly saved resource and cost, be colleges and universities' soil mechanics class
Journey teaching and scientific research personnel carry out correlative study and provide convenience, are of great significance to the further research of soil mechanics.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of model casing in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of screw putter in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the connection relationship diagram of screw thread compression bar and power transmission steel plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of slot baffle winged in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of nut seat fixed plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 a is the structural schematic diagram of monoblock type side plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 b is the structural schematic diagram of stacked side plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 c is the connection sectional view of connector and stacked side plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the top view of travelling frame in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of middle gear group of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the frame leg structure schematic diagram of travelling frame in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of Subgrade Subsidence or differential settlement Demonstrator Trials device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of muscle material drawing demonstrating experiment device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the structural schematic diagram of pattern foundation pit supporting structure demonstrating experiment device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of foundation bearing capacity or pile side friction demonstrating experiment device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the structural schematic diagram of slope stability demonstrating experiment device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the structural schematic diagram of soil pressure demonstrating experiment device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is muscle material pull-out test curve legend.
Figure 17 is settlement of foundation-load (s-p) curve legend.
In figure, 1. model casings, 1-1. connector, 1-2. front panel, 2. adjustable plates；3. gear mounting plate；4. gear set,
41. driving gear, 42. first gears pair, 43. second gears pair, 44. third gear mesh；5. bolt；6. travelling frame；7.
Wheel；8. water bag；9. valve；10. pond；11. roadbed model；12. color sand layer；13. foundation model；14. location hole；15. cutting
Power wall；16. actuator；17. muscle material；18. rigid foundation；19. thin-film pressure sensor；20. data acquisition equipment；21. spiral shell
Line compression bar；22. power transmission steel plate；23. screw putter, 23-1. rotating handle；24. nut seat fixed plate；25. slot baffle winged,
25-1. groove, 25-2. wing plate；26.；27. foil gauge；28. water tank；29. water mist spraying head；30. monoblock type side plate；31. stacking
Formula side plate, 31-1. interconnecting piece, 32. motors.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The design difficult point of multifunction test device is mainly reflected in following three aspect: common several geotechnical model tests are such as
What is realized by reasonable experimental rig；Which kind of type vertical and lateral loading device is respectively adopted；How structure letter is ensured
It is single, economical, effective.
Based on above 3 points, the present invention is used for the multifunction test device of soil mechanics plane strain problems, such as Fig. 1-10 institute
Show, comprising:
Model casing 1, the upper end opening of model casing 1, for filling the soil body, foundation model 13 needed for forming test；Model
The front panel 1-2 of case 1 is equipped with several location holes 14, and location hole 14 arranges in the form of an array, can accurately auxiliary positioning at
Type, on the other hand, location hole 14 is also used as reserved pipeline hole simultaneously.
Usually building side slope is first to be layered to banket to make entire foundation model 13, is then excavated again by predetermined slope surface position more
The remaining earthwork, therefore the slope edges of side slope surface upper and lower ends, slope foot position can be set separately at some location hole 14, then
Cut out the earthwork on the outside of slope surface.The full-size of conventional model test is generally 1m~3m, and the spacing of two neighboring location hole 14 is set
It is set to 10cm or 20cm is more practical, model boundary, structure size is determined convenient for accurate, convenient for quickly determining foundation model 13
The geometric parameters such as sectional dimension, the gradient are quick and precisely formed with auxiliary；The side of mark's stroke lines is usually used on existing model casing 1
Formula carrys out auxiliary positioning, inconvenient for use, and accuracy is not high；Location hole 14 is used in the present invention, regular distribution can be determined quickly
Length, height or angle.Compared with mark's stroke lines, the present invention in practical applications can be relatively accurately auxiliary using location hole 14
Positioning molding is helped, reserved pipeline hole is also used as.It, can according to the distance of horizontal and vertical hole location when for auxiliary positioning
Intuitively to show following ratio of slope: 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:5,1:6；2:1(1:0.5),2:3(1:1.5),2:5(1:
2.5)；3:1(1:0.33),3:2(1:0.67),3:4(1:1.33),3:5(1:1.67)；4:1(1:0.25),4:3(1:0.75),
4:5(1:1.25)；5:1 (1:0.2), 5:2 (1:0.4), 5:3 (1:0.6), 5:4 (1:0.8) etc..
Stopple is equipped with when in location hole 14 without connecting pipeline, the outside aperture of location hole 14 is less than medial aperture, leads to
It crosses transparent adhesive tape and is securely scheduled on original position for stopple is glutinous from 1 inner wall of model casing, prevent stopple from falling off loss；It needs to connect in location hole 14
The stopple in corresponding location hole 14 is removed when adapter tube line, is not needed under normal circumstances between pipeline and location hole 14 close
Envelope, because aperture is smaller, will not have a significant effect to model test result.In addition, when hole interior conduit connection be water bag 8 when,
It need not separately seal.Model casing 1, stopple are all made of transparent material, convenient for carrying out whole camera shooting to test, further investigate for the later period
Great convenience is provided, model casing 1 is rectangular parallelepiped structure in the present embodiment, using transparent organic glass.
Four walls all around of existing model casing 1 are all closed, in square tubbiness, it is difficult to carry out horizontal pull-out test.The present invention
One side wall of model casing 1 is equipped with connector 1-1, is detachably connected by connector 1-1 with sidewall panel, and sidewall panel is whole
Body formula side plate 30 or stacked side plate 31；When needing to carry out muscle material pull-out test, sidewall panel is stacked side plate 31, stacking
There are gap between two adjacent side plates of formula side plate 31, muscle material 17 in foundation model 13 is embedded in from stacked side plate 31
Gap is stretched out, and gap width matches with 17 size of muscle material, and the height and muscle material 17 of every block of side plate in stacked side plate 31 are perpendicular
Match to interval, then lose very much the flexibility of the arrangement of muscle material 17 greatly, too small the procedures of establishment is cumbersome.Outside stacked side plate 31
Side is equipped with horizontal draw-off gear, and horizontal draw-off gear is connect with muscle material 17；Horizontal draw-off gear uses actuator 16 in embodiment,
Actuator 16 is connect with muscle material 17, and actuator 16 is mounted on shear wall 15, is used to support.Carry out muscle material pull-out test or progress
The part for needing horizontal drawing need to only be stretched out gap and the work of stacked side plate 31 by other tests using horizontal drawing equipment
Dynamic device 16 is connected, and installation and replacement are extremely convenient, improve the applicability of experimental rig.
As shown in fig. 6a-6c, the two sides of monoblock type side plate 30 and stacked side plate 31 are equipped with the connection that cross section is L-type
The connecting pin shape of portion 31-1, connector 1-1 and the shape of interconnecting piece 31-1 match, when filling the soil body in model casing 1, soil
Body plays the role of pushing and fixation to monoblock type side plate 30 or stacked side plate 31, while the connecting pin of connector 1-1 is to entirety
Formula side plate 30 or stacked side plate 31 have effect of contraction, and structure is simple, and connection is reliable.
Vertical loading device, including gear set 4, screw thread compression bar 21, power transmission steel plate 22 and rigid foundation 18；Gear set 4 is set
Above model casing 1 and horizontal position is adjustable, and power drive unit connection gear group 4, gear set 4 is engaged with screw thread compression bar 21,
The lower end of screw thread compression bar 21 is welded on 22 center of power transmission steel plate, and power transmission steel plate 22 is connect with rigid foundation 18.Rigid foundation 18 is hung down
It is directly identical as model casing 1 in the width of front panel 1-2, guarantee uniform, equivalent load, it is ensured that the test belongs to plane strain and asks
Topic.Power transmission steel plate 22 is connect by bolt 5 with rigid foundation 18, and 18 bottom of rigid foundation is equipped with thin-film pressure sensor 19,
For test substrate stress, thin-film pressure sensor 19 is connect with data acquisition equipment 20, and tune-up data acquires equipment 20 simultaneously
The pressure data that thin-film pressure sensor 19 transmits is read in real time, and then adjusts screw thread compression bar 21 to reach scheduled load water
It is flat.
As shown in figure 8, gear set 4 include driving gear 41, first gear to 42, second gear to 43 and third gear mesh
44, driving gear 41, first gear are bevel gear to 42, and driving gear 41 is connect with the output end of motor 32, driving gear
41 engage a gear in 42 with first gear, and first gear is to being equipped with second gear to 43, on 42 central axis
Third gear mesh 44 is installed, 44 side of third gear mesh and second gear are nibbled to 43 between two gear mesh 43 and screw thread compression bar 21
It closes, 44 other side of third gear mesh is engaged with screw thread compression bar 21.Motor 32 drives first gear to 42 etc. by driving gear 41
Speed rotates backward, and second gear rotates 43 and first gear to 42 simultaneously, drives 44 constant speed of third gear mesh to rotate backward, really
Protecting 21 two sides stress balance of screw thread compression bar avoids inclination from pushing；Driving gear 41 is driven to turn clockwise, counterclockwise using motor 32
It is dynamic, it drives screw thread compression bar 21 to move simulation loading downward or upward, realizes and stablize load.
Gear set 4 is fixedly connected by gear mounting plate 3 with adjustable plate 2, and adjustable plate 2 is installed on the top of travelling frame 6
Portion, adjustable plate 2 is adjustable in the horizontal position at 6 top of travelling frame, and travelling frame 6 is installed on the outside of model casing 1, mobile
The frame foot bottom of formula frame 6 is embedded with wheel 7, and the frame foot two sides of travelling frame 6 are equipped with connecting rod, and the bottom end of connecting rod is higher than wheel
Connecting rod is fixed on ground using bolt 5 after the movement of travelling frame 6 is in place by son 7.
Horizontal loading apparatus, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Figure 12, Figure 15, including slot baffle winged 25, screw putter
23 and nut seat fixed plate 24, nut seat fixed plate 24 connect with another side wall of model casing 1,24 vertical axes of nut seat fixed plate
It is uniformly provided with multiple mounting holes on line, screw putter 23, screw putter are installed in one or two mounting hole as needed
23 are threadedly coupled and are mutually perpendicular to nut seat fixed plate 24, and one end that screw putter 23 stretches out model casing 1 is equipped with rotating handle
23-1, one end that screw putter 23 protrudes into model casing 1 are hemispherical and connect with the groove 25-1 on slot baffle 25 winged
Touching, the size of slot baffle 25 winged and model casing 1 match, and groove 25-1 is set to the vertical axis of slot baffle 25 winged
On, the domed ends of screw putter 23 match with shape, the size of groove 25-1, and slot baffle winged 25 is close to model casing
The two sides of 1 inner wall are equipped with wing plate 25-2, and wing plate 25-2 is parallel with groove 25-1；So that wing plate 25-2 and model casing 1 when installation
Inner wall contact, slot baffle 25 winged deflects when preventing from loading using screw putter 23, so that slot baffle winged 25
Uniform force, it is ensured that soil deformation belongs to plane strain problems.
Horizontal loading apparatus, for simulating active earth pressure (soil pushes away wall) and passive earth pressure (wall soil-shifting), nut seat is solid
The vertical axis of fixed board 24 is equipped with one or two screw putter 23, two kinds of lateral diaphragm wall displacement modes of analog translation and rotation.
Nut seat fixed plate 24 and model casing 1 are adopted in the method for paste, and the damage to model casing 1 is reduced, and nut seat is fixed
Plate 24 and model casing 1, which use, to be integrally formed more preferably.Nut seat fixed plate 24 is tightly attached to the outer wall of model casing 1, passes through rotating handle
23-1 moves screw putter 23 in the direction perpendicular to nut seat fixed plate 24, winged to open when screw putter 23 moves forward
Slot baffle 25 will be mobile to foundation model 13, conversely, screw putter 23 when retreating slot baffle 25 winged will be far from foundation model
13.Slot baffle 25 winged will act at this time winged open to the mobile equilibrium state until the soil body reaches capacity of foundation model 13
Soil pressure on slot baffle 25 is passive earth pressure, conversely, screw putter 23 when retreating slot baffle 25 winged will be far from the soil body
The equilibrium state until soil body reaches capacity, the soil pressure acted on slot baffle 25 winged at this time are active earth pressure.
It is realized and is retreated by torsion screw putter 23, slower and accurate lateral diaphragm wall displacement can be simulated, screw thread pushes away
The domed ends of bar 23 are in contact with the groove 25-1 on slot baffle 25 winged, so that the domed ends of screw putter 23
Always it is in close contact with groove 25-1, screw putter 23 is more stable to the active force of slot baffle 25 winged, closer in reality
The practical destruction situation of retaining wall, so that test result has more reference value.If using articulated manner, it is difficult to realize above-mentioned skill
Art effect.In order to make slot baffle 25 winged smooth movement in model casing 1, slot baffle 25 winged and 1 inner wall of model casing it
Between be coated with lubricating oil.
Vertical loading device, horizontal loading apparatus are equipped with pressure sensor with 13 surface contact position of foundation model respectively,
The test structure surface protruded into inside foundation model 13 is equipped with the strain transducer for measuring dependent variable, and pressure sensor is answered
Become sensor to connect with data acquisition equipment 20；In the present embodiment, pressure sensor uses thin-film pressure sensor 19, thin
Diaphragm pressure transducer 19 is respectively arranged in the bottom of rigid foundation 18, slot baffle winged 25 far from nut seat fixed plate 24
Side wall；Strain transducer uses foil gauge 27, and stake 26 is embedded in foundation model 13, and multiple foil gauges 27 are evenly arranged along axial direction
In the side wall of stake 26；Foil gauge 27, thin-film pressure sensor 19 are connect with data acquisition equipment 20.Pacify outside model casing 1
Equipped with image capture device (such as video camera), for acquiring experiment video or photo, image capture device by wireless network with
Computer connection is monitored in real time, or reads the storage card insertion computer in image capture device after the completion of test.
According to the difference of test mission, it is heavy that the present apparatus can be used for soil pressure, foundation bearing capacity, slope stability, ground
The test of the soil mechanics such as drop, pattern foundation pit supporting structure, muscle material drawing.
Carry out the general step of soil mechanics test are as follows: the soil body needed for selected or preparation is tested determines that foundation model 13 is transversal
The geometric parameters such as face size, the gradient；The foundation model 13 needed for filling test in model casing 1, according to content of the test, select and
Vertical loading device, horizontal loading apparatus or horizontal drawing equipment are installed in appropriate location, verify, install and debug good test and set
It is standby；Start test and whole camera shooting, meanwhile, using data acquisition equipment 20 and computer realize the real-time tracking of test data with
It has been shown that, until terminating.
Embodiment 1,
The pilot demonstration of Subgrade Subsidence or differential settlement is carried out using above-mentioned apparatus, as shown in Figure 10, specifically according to
Lower step carries out:
S1, select or preparation test needed for the soil body, determine 13 filling height of foundation model, roadbed model 11 fill width,
Height and grade of side slope.
S2, when simulating Subgrade Subsidence, foundation model 13 needed for filling test, in foundation model 13, is leaned in model casing 1
The embedding water bag 8 of 1 side-walls of near-lying mode molding box, 8 top of water bag is concordant with 11 bottom surface of roadbed model, and water bag 8 is connected to mould by water pipe
Pond 10 outside molding box 1, water pipe are equipped with valve 9.When simulating settlement of subgrade, water bag 8 is embedded in foundation model 13
Inside, 8 size of water bag for simulating settlement of subgrade are less than 8 size of water bag when simulating Subgrade Subsidence, water bag 8 and external water
Water pipe caliber when water pipe caliber between pond 10 is less than simulation Subgrade Subsidence, and water pipe caliber is less than the aperture of location hole 14.
S3 starts to test, and when simulating Subgrade Subsidence, opens valve 9 and water is allowed to be discharged as early as possible to the pond 10 outside model casing 1
In, since water bag 8 is larger, its top roadbed model 11 necessarily loses support and collapses rapidly when quickly discharging water；It is uneven to simulate roadbed
When even sedimentation, opens valve 9 and water is allowed gradually to discharge into the pond 10 outside model casing 1, due to 8 small volume of water bag, roadbed mould
11 surface of type will be recessed, shows differential settlement phenomenon.Color sand layer 12 is uniformly filled in roadbed model 11, is shown by color sand
Track can more clearly observe above-mentioned phenomenon；Image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and is supervised in real time
Control, or read the storage card insertion computer in image capture device after the completion of test.
Embodiment 2,
The demonstration of muscle material pull-out test is carried out using above-mentioned apparatus, as shown in figure 11, is specifically followed the steps below:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, is chosen type, specification and the quantity of muscle material 17, is determined that muscle material 17 is vertical
Spacing；
S2, the foundation model 13 needed for filling test in model casing 1 are layered embedded muscle material in foundation model 13 as required
17, certain free end is reserved in one end of muscle material 17 on the outside of model casing 1, the free end pass through stacked side plate 31 gap with
Horizontal draw-off gear connection；Vertical loading device passes through top uniform load of the rigid foundation 18 in foundation model 13, rigid base
18 bottom of plinth is uniformly provided with multiple thin-film pressure sensors 19, and thin-film pressure sensor 19 is electrically connected with data acquisition equipment 20
It connects, verifies simultaneously debugging test equipment；
S3 is started test and whole camera shooting, is gradually extracted muscle material 17 using horizontal drawing equipment, meanwhile, data acquisition
Equipment 20 carries out real-time tracking and display to test data, until terminating, draws pull-out curve, sees that (abscissa is drawing to Figure 16
Displacement, ordinate is pulling capacity), the working performance of muscle material 17 is assessed；Image capture device passes through wireless network and meter
The connection of calculation machine is monitored in real time, or reads the storage card insertion computer in image capture device after the completion of test.
Embodiment 3,
Pattern foundation pit supporting structure work principle demonstration is carried out using above-mentioned apparatus specifically to follow the steps below as shown in figure 12:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines the parameters such as model height and foundation depth；
S2, the foundation model 13 needed for filling test in model casing 1 simulate internal support of foundation pit using slot baffle 25 winged
Structure.After the completion of foundation model 13, by slot baffle 25 winged, embedment soil body certain depth, the depth are set slightly larger than foundation pit vertically
Count depth, then layer-by-layer excavation pit and immediate support from top to bottom, with screw putter 23 compress slot baffle 25 winged to prevent
Only foundation pit deformation；Foundation pit upper outside installs loading device, and the size of rigid foundation 18 is consistent with foundation pit size, and effect is simulation
Foundation pit adjacent building load.Between slot baffle 25 and foundation model 13 winged, between rigid foundation 18 and foundation model 13
Equipped with thin-film pressure sensor 19, thin-film pressure sensor 19 is electrically connected with data acquisition equipment 20.
S3 starts test and whole camera shooting, so that screw putter 23 is slightly away from slot baffle 25 winged, while on foundation pit top
Portion is loaded onto certain level with vertical loading device, it can be observed that lateral displacement will occur for the soil body at the top of foundation pit, pushes winged
Slot baffle 25 is allowed to tilt on the inside of foundation pit, because vertical load can be by soil body densification, since left side is without abundant constraint, native land
Body can only squeeze out to the left after vertical compression to a certain extent.Conversely, if screwing in two screw putters 23, fluting winged again
Baffle 25 will restore vertical state.Using data acquisition equipment 20,18 bottom soil pressure of rigid foundation and band can be obtained in time
25 sidewall earth pressure information of wing slot baffle.Image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and is monitored in real time,
Or the storage card insertion computer in image capture device is read after the completion of test.
Embodiment 4,
Using above-mentioned apparatus foundation bearing capacity or pile side friction pilot demonstration, as shown in figure 13, specifically according to following step
It is rapid to carry out:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines that model height, key dimension (refer mainly to pile foundation support table right and left
To length, width and native table perpendicular to front panel 1-2 are consistent) and length, diameter and the quantity of stake 26 etc.；
S2, the foundation model 13 needed for filling test in model casing 1 bury stake 26, the side wall of stake 26 in foundation model 13
Multiple foil gauges 27 are uniformly provided with along axial direction, vertical loading device, the top of rigid foundation 18 and stake 26 are installed in the top of stake 26
It is connected firmly.
S3 starts test and whole camera shooting；Using data acquisition equipment 20 and computer realize test data it is real-time with
Track and display, until terminating.When evaluating foundation bearing capacity, settlement of foundation-load (s-p) as shown in figure 17 is drawn
Curve therefrom reads Critical Edge Pressure For Subsoil PaWith ultimate load Pk.Behalf settling amount, unit mm can be obtained with ruler measurement；p
Represent load, unit kPa is measured by the thin-film pressure sensor 19 of 18 bottom of rigid foundation, Critical Edge Pressure For Subsoil Pa and
Determining for ultimate load Pk belongs to known in this field.
When calculating pile side friction, it is as follows to obtain pile strain:R is resistance value in formula, and △ R is resistance
Changing value, K are resistance wire sensitivity coefficient, pile shaft force are as follows: Qi=EA εi, Q in formulaiFor the pile shaft force in the i-th section, εiIt is i-th
The strain measured value in section, E are pile body elasticity modulus, and A is that further the stake side of certain section of pile body can be obtained in pile body sectional area
Frictional resistance are as follows: qsi=(Qi-Qi+1)/(uli), u is pile body perimeter, l in formulaiFor this section of pile body length.Wherein, resistance value R, resistance
Changing value △ R is that foil gauge 27 measures, and resistance wire sensitivity coefficient K is the inherent parameters of foil gauge 27.
Embodiment 5,
Slope stability pilot demonstration is carried out using above-mentioned apparatus specifically to follow the steps below as shown in figure 14:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines the geometric parameters such as model slope height, the gradient and top of the slope load assignment feelings
Condition.
S2, the foundation model 13 needed for filling test in model casing 1, if it is simulation side slope of embankment, foundation model 13 is answered
Stage filling compacting then should carry out excavation molding to foundation model 13 if it is simulation cut slope.The top of foundation model 13
Vertical loading device is installed, rigid foundation 18 and the top for being close to foundation model 13, the diaphragm pressure of 18 bottom of rigid foundation
Sensor 19 is for measuring loading level；The top of foundation model 13 is equipped with water mist spraying head 29 and halogen lamp, water mist spraying head 29
It is connect with the adjustable water tank 28 of flow, halogen lamp is connected with the electronic box of power adjustable, and water tank 28, electronic box are mounted on mobile frame
Humidification or dehumidification to foundation model 13 are realized by water mist spraying head 29 and halogen lamp in the top of frame 6, simulated rainfall, solarization from
Right environment；It verifies, install and debugged testing equipment.
S3 starts test and whole camera shooting according to testing program, uniformly fills out up in slope instability sloughing, roadbed model 11
Color sand layer 12 is built, by color sand tracer, slope instability process can be better seen；Image capture device passes through wireless network
It connect and is monitored in real time with computer, or read the storage card insertion computer in image capture device after the completion of test.
Slope instability process is observed using the above method, regardless of scientific research is still imparted knowledge to students, this function makes observation process more intuitive, even
It is more interesting.And can be compared with the displacement cloud atlas in numerical experiments by color sand tracer, convenient for preferably exploring
Slope sliding rule.
Embodiment 6,
Using above-mentioned apparatus carry out the pilot demonstration of barricade Wall back pressure, as shown in figure 15, specifically according to the following steps into
Row:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines model cross sectional dimensions, barricade grading angle (fluting i.e. winged
The inclination angle of baffle 25) etc. geometric parameters and top of the slope load assignment situation.
Then S2, the placement in layers in model casing 1 are formed by way of excavating and cutting slope, obtain testing required wall back
Earth Pressure Models, i.e. foundation model 13 install horizontal loading apparatus in the side of model casing 1, and nut seat fixed plate 24 is close to mould
1 outer wall of molding box screws in screw putter 23, slot baffle 25 winged is made to fit closely the native table of foundation model 13；Foundation model 13
Top be equipped with vertical loading device, rigid foundation 18 and the top for being close to foundation model 13, rigid foundation 18 and foundation model
Between 13, multiple thin-film pressure sensors 19, film are uniformly provided between slot baffle winged 25 and foundation model 13 respectively
Formula pressure sensor 19 is electrically connected with data acquisition equipment 20, verification, installation and debugging test equipment；
S3 starts test and whole camera shooting, screw putter 23 is threaded to be detached from slot baffle 25 winged, the soil measured at this time
Pressure is earth pressure at rest；It is threaded to slot baffle 25 winged in screw putter 23, passes through rigid foundation at the top of foundation model 13
18 are loaded, when banket laterally push slot baffle 25 winged to active boundary shift value when, the slot baffle winged that measures
Soil pressure between 25 and foundation model 13 is active earth pressure, the diaphragm pressure between rigid foundation 18 and foundation model 13
Sensor 19 is simulation building on the top of slope load in effect of the invention；Conversely, by persistently screwing in screw putter 23, fluting winged
When baffle 25 pushes the soil body to passive boundary shift value, the soil pressure measured is passive earth pressure.Wherein, various boundary soil pressures
Value is referring to table 1 (quoted from " soil mechanics " teaching material of Liu Chengyu chief editor).Meanwhile realizing that wall carries on the back soil pressure using data acquisition equipment 20
The real-time tracking of power and display, until off-test；Image capture device connect progress with computer in real time by wireless network
Monitoring, or read the storage card insertion computer in image capture device after the completion of test.
Active boundary shift value, passive boundary shift value are referring to table 1, and H is that retaining walls are high (unit: m) in table 1, i.e. band
The height of wing slot baffle 25.
Displacement needed for table 1 generates active and passive soil pressure
In practical applications, distributional pattern, size and its change of Wall back pressure can be preferably studied using the above method
Law.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so within the spirit and principles in the present invention, are all contained in protection scope of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems characterized by comprising
Model casing (1), the upper end opening of model casing (1), for filling the soil body, foundation model (13) needed for forming test；Mould
The front panel (1-2) of molding box (1) is equipped with several location holes (14), and location hole (14) is arranged in the form of an array, works as location hole
(14) stopple is equipped with when in without connecting pipeline, model casing (1), stopple are all made of transparent material；One side wall of model casing (1)
Equipped with connector (1-1), connector (1-1) is detachably connected with sidewall panel；
Vertical loading device, including gear set (4), screw thread compression bar (21), power transmission steel plate (22) and rigid foundation (18)；Gear set
(4) it is set to above model casing (1) and horizontal position is adjustable, power drive unit connection gear group (4), gear set (4) and screw thread
Compression bar (21) engagement, the lower end of screw thread compression bar (21) is connected to power transmission steel plate (22) center, power transmission steel plate (22) and rigid foundation
(18) it connects；
Horizontal loading apparatus, including slot baffle winged (25), screw putter (23) and nut seat fixed plate (24), nut seat is solid
Fixed board (24) is connect with another side wall of model casing (1), is uniformly provided with multiple installations on nut seat fixed plate (24) vertical axis
Hole is equipped in one or two mounting hole screw putter (23) as needed, screw putter (23) and nut seat fixed plate
(24) it is threadedly coupled and is mutually perpendicular to, one end that screw putter (23) stretches out model casing (1) is equipped with rotating handle (23-1), screw thread
One end that push rod (23) protrudes into model casing (1) is hemispherical and be in contact with the groove (25-1) on slot baffle winged (25),
Groove (25-1) is set on the vertical axis of slot baffle winged (25), the domed ends and groove (25- of screw putter (23)
1) shape, size matches, and slot baffle (25) winged is equipped with wing plate (25-2) close to the two sides of model casing (1) inner wall,
Wing plate (25-2) is parallel with groove (25-1)；
The vertical loading device, horizontal loading apparatus are equipped with pressure sensing with foundation model (13) surface contact position respectively
Device protrudes into the internal test structure surface of foundation model (13) equipped with the strain transducer for measuring dependent variable, pressure sensing
Device, strain transducer are connect with data acquisition equipment (20)；Image capture device is installed outside model casing (1), image is adopted
Collection equipment is connect with computer by wireless network and is monitored in real time, or the storage card in image capture device is inserted into electricity
Brain is read.
2. a kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems according to claim 1, feature exist
It is stacked side plate (31) in, the sidewall panel, there are gaps between two adjacent side plates of stacked side plate (31), bury
Muscle material (17) in foundation model (13) is stretched out from the gap of stacked side plate (31), gap width and muscle material (17) size phase
It matches, vertically interval matches for height and the muscle material (17) of every block of side plate in stacked side plate (31), stacked side plate (31)
Outside be equipped with horizontal draw-off gear, horizontal draw-off gear connect with muscle material (17).
3. a kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems according to claim 1, feature exist
In, the gear set (4) include driving gear (41), first gear to (42), second gear to (43) and third gear mesh
(44), driving gear (41), first gear are bevel gear, the output end company of driving gear (41) and motor (32) to (42)
It connects, driving gear (41) engages a gear in (42) with first gear, and first gear on the central axis of (42) to installing
There is second gear to (43), second gear is to being equipped with third gear mesh (44), third tooth between (43) and screw thread compression bar (21)
Wheel engages (44) side with second gear to (43), and third gear mesh (44) other side is engaged with screw thread compression bar (21).
4. a kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems according to claim 3, feature exist
In the gear set (4) is fixedly connected by gear mounting plate (3) with adjustable plate (2), and adjustable plate (2) is installed on mobile frame
The top of frame (6), horizontal position of the adjustable plate (2) at the top of travelling frame (6) is adjustable, and travelling frame (6) is installed on mould
The frame foot bottom of the outside of molding box (1), travelling frame (6) is embedded with wheel (7), and the frame foot two sides of travelling frame (6) are equipped with
The bottom end of connecting rod, connecting rod is higher than wheel (7), is fixed connecting rod using bolt (5) after travelling frame (6) movement is in place
On ground.
5. a kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems according to claim 1, feature exist
In the spacing of the two neighboring location hole (14) is 10cm or 20cm；The outside aperture of location hole (14) is less than medial aperture,
Stopple is fixed from model casing (1) inner wall using transparent adhesive tape.
6. a kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems according to claim 1, feature exist
In the rigid foundation (18) is perpendicular to the width of front panel (1-2) and of same size, the nut seat fixed plate of model casing (1)
(24) it is integrally formed with model casing (1)；The two sides of sidewall panel are equipped with the interconnecting piece (31-1) that cross section is L-type, connector
The shape of the connecting pin (1-1) and the shape of interconnecting piece (31-1) match.
7. a kind of test method for simulating subgrade settlement, which is characterized in that use one kind as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6
For the multifunction test device of soil mechanics plane strain problems, specifically follow the steps below:
S1, select or preparation test needed for the soil body, determine foundation model (13) filling height, roadbed model (11) fill width,
Height and grade of side slope；
S2, the foundation model (13) needed for model casing (1) interior filling test and roadbed model (11), roadbed model (11) is interior to be filled
Color sand layer (12)；, the water bag concordant with roadbed model (11) bottom surface at the top of foundation model (13) embedded set water bag (8), water bag (8)
(8) it is connect with water pipe, water pipe passes through location hole (14) and is connected to the external pond (10) of model casing (1), and water pipe is equipped with valve
(9)；
S3 is opened valve (9), and the water in water bag (8) is discharged into the outer pond (10) of model casing (1), roadbed above water bag (8)
Model (11) loses support and collapses；Image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and is monitored in real time, or
Storage card insertion computer in image capture device is read.
8. a kind of test method for measuring barricade Wall back pressure, which is characterized in that using as described in claim any one of 1-6
A kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems, specifically follow the steps below:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines model cross sectional dimensions, barricade grading angle, top of the slope load；
Then S2 is formed in model casing (1) interior placement in layers by way of excavating and cutting slope, tested needed to basic mode
Type (13) uniformly fills color sand layer (12) in foundation model (13)；Screw thread is screwed in the mounting hole of nut seat fixed plate (24)
Push rod (23) makes slot baffle winged (25) fit closely the native table of foundation model (13)；It is close at the top of foundation model (13)
Rigid foundation (18), between rigid foundation (18) and foundation model (13), slot baffle winged (25) and foundation model (13) it
Between be uniformly provided with respectively multiple thin-film pressure sensors (19), thin-film pressure sensor (19) and data acquisition equipment (20)
Connection verifies simultaneously debugging test equipment；
Screw putter (23) is threaded to be detached from slot baffle winged (25) by S3, and the soil pressure measured at this time is earth pressure at rest；It will
Screw putter (23) is threaded to be bonded slot baffle winged (25), and vertical loading device is by rigid foundation (18) in foundation model
(13) top loaded, when banket laterally push slot baffle winged (25) to active boundary shift value when, what is measured is winged
Soil pressure between slot baffle (25) and foundation model (13) is active earth pressure；Screw putter (23) persistently are screwed in, it is winged
When slot baffle (25) pushes the soil body to passive boundary shift value, the soil pressure measured is passive earth pressure；Image capture device
It is connect and is monitored in real time with computer by wireless network, or the storage card insertion computer in image capture device is read
It takes.
9. a kind of test method for measuring foundation bearing capacity and pile side friction, which is characterized in that appointed using such as claim 1-6
A kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems described in one, specifically follows the steps below:
S1, select or preparation test needed for the soil body, determine model height, the length of pile foundation support table width and stake (26), diameter and
Quantity；
S2, the foundation model (13) needed for model casing (1) interior filling test bury stake (26) in foundation model (13), stake (26)
Side wall be uniformly provided with multiple foil gauges (27) along axial direction, vertical loading device by rigid foundation (18) stake (26) top
Load；The bottom of rigid foundation (18) is uniformly provided with multiple thin-film pressure sensors (19), foil gauge (27), diaphragm pressure
Sensor (19) is connect with data acquisition equipment (20)；
S3, real-time tracking and the display of test data are carried out using data acquisition equipment (20), until terminating；It is heavy to draw ground
Drop-load curve, the unit mm of settlement of foundation, is measured using ruler；Foundation load passes through thin-film pressure sensor (19)
It measures；
When calculating pile side friction, pile strainR is resistance value in formula, and △ R is increased resistance value, and K is resistance
Silk sensitivity coefficient, pile shaft force are as follows: Qi=EA εi, Q in formulaiFor the pile shaft force in the i-th section, εiFor the pile strain in the i-th section
Measured value, E are pile body elasticity modulus, and A is pile body sectional area, the pile side friction of certain section of pile body are as follows: qsi=(Qi-Qi+1)/
(uli), u is pile body perimeter, l in formulaiFor this section of pile body length；Wherein, resistance value R, increased resistance value △ R are foil gauge
(27) it measures, resistance wire sensitivity coefficient K is the inherent parameters of foil gauge (27).
10. a kind of test method for simulating slope stability, which is characterized in that using as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6
A kind of multifunction test device for soil mechanics plane strain problems, specifically follows the steps below:
S1, is selected or the required soil body is tested in preparation, determines model slope height, the gradient, top of the slope load；
S2, the foundation model (13) needed for model casing (1) interior filling test and roadbed model (11), in roadbed model (11) uniformly
Fill color sand layer (12)；The bottom at top rigid foundation (18) and be close to foundation model (13), rigid foundation (18) is uniformly set
Have multiple thin-film pressure sensors (19), thin-film pressure sensor (19) is connect with data acquisition equipment (20), vertical to add
The top-loaded set by rigid foundation (18) in foundation model (13) is carried, computer settings top of the slope load is passed through；
Water mist spraying head (29) and halogen lamp, water mist spraying head (29) and flow adjustable water tank are installed above foundation model (13)
(28) it connects, halogen lamp is connected with the electronic box of power adjustable, and water tank (28), electronic box are mounted at the top of travelling frame (6), school
Test simultaneously debugging test equipment；
S3 realizes the humidification or dehumidification to foundation model (13) by water mist spraying head (29) and halogen lamp, simulated rainfall, solarization
Natural environment, until slope instability sloughing；Image capture device is connect with computer by wireless network and is monitored in real time, or
Person reads the storage card insertion computer in image capture device.
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