CN111191307B - Earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM+GIS technology - Google Patents
Earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM+GIS technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM+GIS technology, which utilizes unmanned aerial vehicle forward and oblique photography technology to collect the topographic data of project land to form a database; processing the data by utilizing the Bentley ContextCapture to generate a GIS model; performing excavation, backfilling and calculation of the on-site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result; the method is not remained in the traditional square method for drawing an earth balance map to roughly estimate the engineering quantity, so that the engineering quantity calculation time is saved, the accuracy of a calculation result is improved, the measurement of the distance, the high-rise, the area and the volume can be directly carried out on a model, the excavation filling can be directly calculated, and the error is very small. The method can also be used for checking the measuring and calculating errors of the BIM model, and double-guaranteeing the accuracy of earthwork data by utilizing BIM and GIS data, thereby providing guarantee for reasonably making a construction plan, accurately grasping construction progress and finally settling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM+GIS technology.
Background
The earthwork comprises earthwork excavation, backfilling and site leveling. The earth balance refers to the calculation of the amount of earth needed to be excavated at the high place in the field. The traditional earthwork balance calculation method is to draw an earthwork balance diagram by utilizing a square method, calculate the earthwork quantity required to be excavated at the high position and the earthwork quantity required to be backfilled at the low position in the field, and know the earthwork quantity required to be moved in and out of the plan. When the foundation is planned to excavate and construct, the amount of the earth entering and exiting from the outside is reduced as much as possible, so that not only is the earth cost related (the calculation error of the earth balance can sometimes lead to additional payment of approximately 100% -150% of engineering cost), but also the planning and implementation of the space and plane arrangement of the construction site are greatly influenced.
At present BIM (Building Information Modeling) is not only a new tool for building design, but also a new tool for building construction, operation and maintenance. The method has the core that the model is taken as a carrier, various physical data and actual information of building design, construction and operation are integrated and displayed in a three-dimensional mode by utilizing a digital technology, and therefore, an information interaction cooperative work platform is provided for parties involved in a building engineering project. GIS (Geographic Information System or Geo-Information system) is also called as geographic information system, which is a space information system, is a system for collecting, calculating, analyzing and displaying data information about space distribution in the whole or part of surface layer space, and provides objective qualitative original data for us.
With the continuous progress of the two technologies in recent years, the BIM+GIS technology provides good support for informatization and intelligent development of the building industry, a spatial database is established by the GIS, the BIM is used for refining and supplementing the spatial database, and the two technologies are integrated and upgraded from the macroscopic and microscopic angles by one-to-one and more than two.
The traditional earthwork balance calculation method is to draw an earthwork balance diagram by utilizing a square method, the data acquisition work of each original elevation is time-consuming and labor-consuming and easy to generate errors, and the calculation process of the project quantity of earthwork planning excavation and backfilling is complicated and easy to cause calculation errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the method for reducing the error and the workload of calculating the earthwork quantity.
The invention is realized in the following way: an earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM+GIS technology comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting topographic data of a project area to form a database;
step 2, processing data in a database to generate a GIS model;
and step 3, carrying out excavation and backfilling calculation of the on-site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result.
Further, the method further comprises the step 4 of generating a BIM model according to the project geological survey report, and calculating the earthwork through the BIM model; and comparing and correcting the earthwork quantity with the calculation result, and outputting earthwork balance data.
Further, the step 4 is further specifically: and establishing an earthwork balance BIM model by adopting Civil 3D according to project geological survey reports, calculating the earthwork quantity between the existing curved surface and the designed curved surface by utilizing a compound volume algorithm and an average section algorithm, and carrying out contrast correction on the earthwork quantity and the calculation result to output earthwork balance data.
Further, the generating the BIM model according to the project geological survey report is further specifically as follows: firstly, classifying and sorting the project geological survey report into TXT files, importing the TXT files, generating each point position, and carrying out point grouping according to a bearing layer; creating a curved surface according to the bearing layer, grouping points corresponding to the curved surface, adding the points into the curved surface to enable the points to be associated with the bearing layer, and automatically calculating and dividing the curved surface by software in a finite element mode, wherein the obtained curved surface is the terrain or the epidermis of each bearing layer; selecting adjacent bearing layers, adopting a generating entity command, automatically calculating and generating filling between every two curved surfaces by software, and then adopting a Boolean operation command to trim a geological module to complete BIM model establishment.
Further, the method further comprises a step 5 of generating a working sand table according to the GIS model and the BIM model.
Further, the step 1 is further specifically: determining the aerial survey range of the unmanned aerial vehicle, planning the aerial route of the unmanned aerial vehicle, starting aerial survey operation, and acquiring the terrain data of the project land through forward and oblique photography technologies of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a database.
Further, the step 2 is further specifically: if the data size in the database is smaller than the limit value, adopting Bentley ContextCapture to complete data processing and generating a GIS model; and if not, adopting the cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community to process data, and generating a GIS model.
The invention has the following advantages: the advantages of BIM and GIS are effectively combined, so that the field management of earthworks is changed from traditional rough type to fine type, the bidirectional comparison of a GIS real model and a BIM digital model is realized, the real model and the BIM digital model are jointly archived, and finally the real model and the BIM digital model are provided for operation and maintenance, and the real data full life cycle transmission is realized. The application of BIM+GIS technology in earthwork greatly improves production efficiency, is not only a change of data acquisition modes, but also digital construction and intelligent construction. And in the early stage of the project, a forward and lateral photographic model is established by using unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography, the model is used for collecting terrain data and geological data, a data database is formed, and a terrain model and a geological model are established and generated. And the geological condition is visualized, point cloud data is derived, the Civil 3D is assisted to perform earth balance operation, and the method has a reference effect in the aspect of construction geological condition distribution and scheme demonstration. The method has obvious advantages in the aspects of leveling construction sites, earth excavation backfilling, optimizing outward transportation scheme, controlling cost and the like by utilizing a terrain model. And processing the acquired data by using professional BIM software such as Bentley ContextCapture and the like to generate a high-precision three-dimensional model. Through terminal platforms such as cloud or computer, cell-phone or dull and stereotyped, utilize the mode of scanning the two-dimensional code just can look for the environmental information such as three-dimensional model of project and surrounding building, road, place condition fast. The GIS and live-action model mode enables the geological and terrain models to be visualized and editable, and the method has outstanding advantages in the comprehensive application of construction geology and terrains.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the earthwork virtual construction method based on the bim+gis technology of the present invention includes:
step 1, determining an aerial survey range of the unmanned aerial vehicle, planning an aerial route of the unmanned aerial vehicle, starting aerial survey operation, and acquiring terrain data of a project area through forward and oblique photography technologies of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a database;
step 2, if the data size in the database is smaller than the limit value, adopting Bentley ContextCapture to complete data processing and generating a GIS model; if not, adopting the cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community to process data, and generating a GIS model;
and step 3, carrying out excavation and backfilling calculation of the on-site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result.
And 4, establishing an earthwork balance BIM model by adopting Civil 3D according to a project geological survey report, calculating the earthwork quantity between the existing curved surface and the designed curved surface by utilizing a composite volume algorithm and an average section algorithm, and comparing and correcting the earthwork quantity with the calculation result to output earthwork balance data.
The generating the BIM model according to the project geological survey report further comprises the following specific steps: firstly, classifying and sorting the project geological survey report into TXT files, importing the TXT files, generating each point position, and carrying out point grouping according to a bearing layer; creating a curved surface according to the bearing layer, grouping points corresponding to the curved surface, adding the points into the curved surface to enable the points to be associated with the bearing layer, and automatically calculating and dividing the curved surface by software in a finite element mode, wherein the obtained curved surface is the terrain or the epidermis of each bearing layer; selecting adjacent bearing layers, adopting a generating entity command, automatically calculating and generating filling between every two curved surfaces by software, and then adopting a Boolean operation command to trim a geological module to complete BIM model establishment.
And 5, generating a working sand table according to the GIS model and the BIM model.
The invention is a specific embodiment:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, reduce the dispute of the earthwork quantity and adopt the measuring and calculating technology of simulating earthwork balance of BIM+GIS. The method comprises the steps of collecting terrain data by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle forward and oblique photography technologies in the early stage of projects, forming a data database, processing the data based on the data database to generate a high-precision GIS point cloud model, excavating and backfilling earth and stone in the field in the model, simultaneously establishing a geological model by adopting Civil 3D according to project geological survey reports for mutual verification and error reduction, and rapidly calculating the earth volume between the existing curved surface and the designed curved surface by utilizing a composite volume algorithm and an average section algorithm. And finally, outputting the earthwork balance data by comparing and correcting the BIM model data and the GIS model data, wherein the measured data has small error compared with the actual total square quantity, the model can provide the dividing and estimating data of earthwork soil and rock categories, a scientific and accurate basis is provided for settlement of project earthwork quantity, and project cost is effectively controlled. Meanwhile, the unmanned aerial vehicle is different from a general entertainment machine type, the general entertainment machine type adopts GPS positioning, the error range is 5-10 meters, the unmanned aerial vehicle of an RTK (Real-time kinematic) module adopts a Real-time dynamic positioning technology based on a carrier phase observation value, and the unmanned aerial vehicle can provide a three-dimensional positioning result of a measuring station in a specified coordinate system in Real time, achieves centimeter-level precision and has an error of +/-1 cm+1ppm. By using unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography, the earthwork quantity calculation is not performed by drawing an earthwork balance map by a traditional square method, so that the engineering quantity rough estimation can be performed, the engineering quantity calculation time can be saved, the accuracy of a calculation result can be improved, the measurement of the distance, the high-rise, the area and the volume can be directly performed on a model, the excavation filling can be directly calculated, and the error is extremely small. The method can also be used for checking the measuring and calculating errors of the BIM model, and double-guaranteeing the accuracy of earthwork data by utilizing BIM and GIS data, thereby providing guarantee for reasonably making a construction plan, accurately grasping construction progress and finally settling.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
1. and determining the aerial survey range of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The Google Earth (Google map) of the ground station is utilized, the project aerial survey range is determined in a click mode, reasonable flight frame sub-division is carried out, an aerial photographing scheme is optimized, and the operation efficiency is improved.
2. And (5) route planning and parameter setting. The flight parameters of forward direction and inclined aerial survey generally comprise height, speed, shooting interval, heading interval, sideways interval and the like, and different parameter settings influence the precision of a final model, the aerial photographing efficiency and the like.
3. After the ground station is set and the unmanned aerial vehicle assembly is completed, aerial survey operation can be started. The unmanned aerial vehicle is photographed equidistantly on the ground at a constant speed according to the overlapping rate, the path, the range and other parameters set by the ground station, and an operator observes the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the real-time flight parameters of the ground station.
4. And finally, data processing is carried out, bentley ContextCapture (parallel software system for constructing three-dimensional model based on image automation) is adopted for relatively small single bodies or plots to complete the later data processing of aerial survey, and OSGB, OBJ, S C, 3MX and other file achievements can be output for later browsing or processing.
5. Because the shooting range of a large engineering project or land block is large, the image data is more, the computer memory required for completing reconstruction often reaches hundreds of G, the reconstruction calculation cannot be completed by the existing equipment, the model is built by adopting the cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community, the modeling time is greatly shortened, and the purpose of outputting the final result is achieved.
6. The finally established live-action model can be directly measured and analyzed in the model, and comprises data such as distance, high-rise, area, volume and the like, and can also be imported into Revit software to directly and accurately perform on-site earthwork excavation and backfill measurement and calculation, so that the dispute management and control cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the method can also be used for aspects such as on-site investigation, field layout planning, post-disaster investigation, construction stage progress tracking, image reporting, project live-action model formation in completion stage and the like.
7. Method and steps for building and applying BIM model: the establishment and simulation of the earth model was performed using the Civil 3D software from Autodesk company. Firstly, extracting the hole numbers, the coordinates X, Y values, the hole elevations of all drilling points according to a survey point list in a geotechnical engineering survey report of a construction project, and classifying and sorting the standard penetration depths of all geotechnical layers in a standard penetration test layering list into a TXT file which can be read by software.
8. And creating a menu of points in the software, selecting an imported data file, importing the classified data one by one, generating each point position, and carrying out point grouping according to the bearing layer.
9. The method comprises the steps of creating a curved surface, establishing a corresponding number of curved surfaces by a plurality of bearing layers, grouping points corresponding to the curved surfaces, adding the curved surfaces into the curved surfaces to be associated with the curved surfaces (namely, associating the curved surfaces with the point grouping), and automatically calculating and dividing the curved surfaces by software in a finite element mode, wherein the obtained curved surfaces are terrains or the epidermis of each bearing layer.
10. When the adjacent bearing layers are selected, the entity command is generated, the software automatically calculates and generates the filling between every two curved surfaces, but the geological modules which are often built have a gap or cross relation, and at the moment, the Boolean operation command is adopted to trim the geological modules, so that a complete geological module can be formed.
11. Through importing a geological survey model established by Civil 3D into Revit and nesting with a project foundation pit supporting model, the method can directly and accurately measure and calculate on-site earth excavation and backfill.
12. Furthermore, the method of simulating the pile foundation construction process can be combined with a pile foundation model, the layer penetrating capacity of pile pressing equipment is analyzed by using the model, and a reasonable pile foundation bearing layer is selected; and the distribution and the stress of the building foundation are intuitively analyzed according to the geological survey model, and the quantity of the foundation and the length of the pre-judging pile foundation are optimized by combining the engineering calculation quantity. Treatment plans are also proposed for (lens bodies, interlayers) rock-soil bodies that may affect pile foundation construction.
13. Furthermore, a BIM+GIS technology can be utilized to establish a rule and pipe integrated platform. Firstly, a GIS model is established by utilizing forward and oblique photography of an unmanned plane to express actual conditions of existing buildings, terrains, roads and the like, then BIM models and information of municipal pipe networks, newly built projects and the like are integrated and placed into the live-action model through a platform to form a planning design management and control rule and evaluation system, and aiming at specific planning land, economic and technical indexes of planning can be queried, and administrative areas and service radiuses of urban construction projects and public service facility facilities on specific land parcels can be seen. And a unified working sand table is provided for design units, planning management departments and city decision makers.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations of the invention in light of the spirit of the invention will be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The earthwork virtual construction method based on the BIM+GIS technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting topographic data of a project area to form a database;
step 2, if the data size in the database is smaller than the limit value, adopting Bentley ContextCapture to complete data processing and generating a GIS model; if not, adopting the cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community to process data, and generating a GIS model;
step 3, carrying out excavation and backfilling calculation of the on-site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result;
step 4, building an earthwork balance BIM model by adopting Civil 3D according to project geological survey reports, calculating the earthwork quantity between the existing curved surface and the designed curved surface by utilizing a composite volume algorithm and an average section algorithm, and comparing and correcting the earthwork quantity with the calculation result to output earthwork balance data;
generating a BIM model from project geological survey reports is further specified as: firstly, classifying and sorting the project geological survey report into TXT files, importing the TXT files, generating each point position, and carrying out point grouping according to a bearing layer; creating a curved surface according to the bearing layer, grouping points corresponding to the curved surface, adding the points into the curved surface to enable the points to be associated with the bearing layer, and automatically calculating and dividing the curved surface by software in a finite element mode, wherein the obtained curved surface is the terrain or the epidermis of each bearing layer; selecting adjacent bearing layers, adopting a generating entity command, automatically calculating and generating filling between every two curved surfaces by software, and then adopting a Boolean operation command to trim a geological module to complete BIM model establishment.
2. The virtual construction method of earthwork based on BIM+GIS technology as in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and 5, generating a working sand table according to the GIS model and the BIM model.
3. The virtual construction method of earthwork based on BIM+GIS technology as in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step 1 is further specifically: determining the aerial survey range of the unmanned aerial vehicle, planning the aerial route of the unmanned aerial vehicle, starting aerial survey operation, and acquiring the terrain data of the project land through forward and oblique photography technologies of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a database.
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| CN111710038A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-25 | 中铁六局集团有限公司 | Construction method combining photogrammetry and computer vision technology |
| CN112036265A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-04 | 江河水利水电咨询中心 | Road construction progress tracking method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN111982076B (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-06-03 | 林同棪(重庆)国际工程技术有限公司 | Single-lens unmanned aerial vehicle flight parameter setting method |
| CN112597572A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-02 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | BIM technology-based pile foundation soil penetration depth determination method |
| CN114840899B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-12-13 | 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 | BIM-based three-dimensional scanning earthwork balance analysis method and device |
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Application publication date: 20200522 Assignee: Fujian Construction Engineering Huanhai Housing Manufacturing Group Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Fujian Construction Engineering Group Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024350000002 Denomination of invention: A Virtual Construction Method for Earthwork Engineering Based on BIM+GIS Technology Granted publication date: 20230602 License type: Common License Record date: 20240109 |