CN111191307A - Earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM + GIS technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM + GIS technology, which utilizes the forward and oblique photography technologies of an unmanned aerial vehicle to collect topographic data of project sites to form a database; processing the data by using a BentleyContextCapture to generate a GIS model; carrying out excavation and backfill measurement and calculation on site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result; the method does not stay in the traditional 'square method' for drawing the 'earthwork equilibrium diagram' to carry out rough estimation on the engineering quantity, saves the engineering quantity calculation time and improves the accuracy of the calculation result, and can directly measure the distance, the high layer, the area and the volume on a model and also can directly calculate the excavation fill, and the error is extremely small. The method can be used for checking the BIM model to measure and calculate errors, and the accuracy of the earth data is doubly guaranteed by using the BIM and the GIS data, so that guarantee is provided for reasonably making a construction plan, accurately mastering the construction progress and finally settling accounts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an earthwork virtual construction method based on a BIM + GIS technology.
Background
The earthwork engineering comprises earthwork excavation, backfilling and field leveling. And the earthwork balancing means that the amount of earthwork which needs to be dug out at a high place in the field is calculated. The traditional earthwork balance calculation method is to draw an earthwork balance diagram by using a 'grid method', calculate the earthwork quantity required to be excavated at a high position and the earthwork quantity required to be backfilled at a low position in a field, and know the earthwork quantity of the planned external transportation in and out. When planning foundation excavation construction, the earth volume of outward transportation in and out needs to be reduced as much as possible, which not only relates to earth cost (calculation errors of earth balance can cause extra payment of nearly 100-150% of construction cost), but also has great influence on planning and implementation of construction site space and plane arrangement.
At present, the BIM (building Information modeling) is not only a new tool for building design, but also a new tool for building construction, operation and maintenance. The core of the system is that a model is used as a carrier, and various physical data and actual information of building design, construction and operation are displayed in an integrated and three-dimensional manner by utilizing a digital technology, so that a cooperative work platform for information interaction is provided for all parties participating in a building engineering project. A GIS (Geographic Information System or Geo-Information System) is also called a Geographic Information System, which is a spatial Information System, and is a System that collects, computes, analyzes, and displays data Information related to spatial distribution in the whole or part of the surface space, and provides objective qualitative raw data for us.
With the continuous progress of the two technologies in recent years, the BIM + GIS technology provides good support for the informatization and intelligent development of the construction industry, a spatial database is established by the GIS, the BIM refines and supplements the spatial database, and the two technologies are integrated and upgraded from a macroscopic angle and a microscopic angle, wherein the two technologies are one plus two.
The traditional earthwork balance calculation method is to draw an earthwork balance diagram by using a 'grid method', the data acquisition work of each original elevation is time-consuming and labor-consuming and is easy to generate errors, and the calculation process of the engineering quantity of planned excavation and backfilling of the earthwork is complicated and easy to cause calculation errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the invention, and the error and the workload of calculating the earthwork project amount are reduced.
The invention is realized by the following steps: an earthwork virtual construction method based on BIM + GIS technology comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting topographic data of a project place to form a database;
step 2, processing the data in the database to generate a GIS model;
and 3, excavating and backfilling measurement of the on-site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result.
Further, step 4, generating a BIM (building information modeling) model according to the project geological survey report, and calculating the earth volume through the BIM model; and comparing and correcting the earthwork amount and the calculation result, and outputting earthwork balance data.
Further, the step 4 is further specifically: and (3) building an earthwork balance BIM model by adopting Civil 3D according to a project geological survey report, calculating the earthwork amount between the existing curved surface and the designed curved surface by utilizing a complex volume algorithm and an average section algorithm, comparing and correcting the earthwork amount and the calculation result, and outputting earthwork balance data.
Further, the generating a BIM model according to the project geological survey report is further specifically: firstly, classifying and arranging the points into TXT files according to a project geological survey report, importing the TXT files, generating each point location, and carrying out point grouping according to a bearing stratum; establishing a curved surface according to the stress layer, grouping points corresponding to the curved surface, adding the points into the curved surface to enable the points to be associated with the stress layer, and automatically calculating and dividing the curved surface by software in a finite element mode to obtain the curved surface which is the surface of the terrain or each stress layer; and selecting adjacent bearing layers, adopting a generation entity command, automatically calculating and generating filling between every two curved surfaces by software, then adopting a Boolean operation command, trimming the geological module, and finishing building the BIM model.
Further, the method also comprises a step 5 of generating the working sand table according to the GIS model and the BIM model.
Further, the step 1 is further specifically: determining the aerial survey range of the unmanned aerial vehicle, planning the air route of the unmanned aerial vehicle, starting aerial survey operation, and acquiring terrain data of a project place through forward and oblique photography technologies of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a database.
Further, the step 2 is further specifically: if the data size in the database is smaller than the limit value, adopting Bentley ContextCapture to complete data processing and generating a GIS model; and if not, performing data processing by adopting the cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community to generate a GIS model.
The invention has the following advantages: the advantages of BIM + GIS are effectively combined, so that the field management of the earthwork engineering is transformed from the traditional extensive type to the fine type, the bidirectional comparison between a GIS real model and a BIM digital model is realized, the GIS real model and the BIM digital model are jointly filed and finally provided for operation and maintenance, and the real transmission of the full life cycle of data is realized. The application of the BIM + GIS technology in the earthwork greatly improves the production efficiency, not only the data acquisition mode is changed, but also the digital construction and the intelligent construction can be realized. The method comprises the steps of establishing forward and lateral photography models by using unmanned aerial vehicles in early stages of projects, collecting topographic data and geological data by using the models, forming a data database, and establishing and generating a topographic model and a geological model. The geological condition is visualized, point cloud data is derived, Civil 3D is assisted to carry out earthwork balance operation, and the method has a reference effect on the aspects of geological condition distribution and scheme demonstration during construction. The method has obvious advantages in the aspects of leveling construction site, earth excavation backfill, optimization of outward transportation scheme, cost control and the like by utilizing the terrain model. And processing the acquired data by using professional BIM software such as Bentley ContextCapture and the like to generate a high-precision three-dimensional model. Through a cloud terminal or a terminal platform such as a computer, a mobile phone or a tablet computer, a three-dimensional model of a project and surrounding environment information such as building, road and site conditions can be quickly checked by scanning the two-dimensional code. The GIS + live-action model mode enables the geological and topographic models to be visualized and editable, and has outstanding advantages in the comprehensive application of construction geology and topography.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the virtual construction method of the earthwork project based on the BIM + GIS technology of the present invention includes:
step 1, determining an aerial survey range of an unmanned aerial vehicle, planning a flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle, starting aerial survey operation, and acquiring terrain data of a project place through forward and oblique photography technologies of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a database;
step 2, if the data size in the database is smaller than a limit value, adopting Bentley contextCapture to complete data processing and generating a GIS model; if not, performing data processing by adopting a cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community to generate a GIS model;
and 3, excavating and backfilling measurement of the on-site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result.
And 4, building an earthwork balance BIM model by adopting Civil 3D according to the project geological survey report, calculating the earthwork between the existing curved surface and the designed curved surface by utilizing a complex volume algorithm and an average section algorithm, comparing and correcting the earthwork with the calculation result, and outputting earthwork balance data.
The generating of the BIM model according to the project geological survey report is further specifically as follows: firstly, classifying and arranging the points into TXT files according to a project geological survey report, importing the TXT files, generating each point location, and carrying out point grouping according to a bearing stratum; establishing a curved surface according to the stress layer, grouping points corresponding to the curved surface, adding the points into the curved surface to enable the points to be associated with the stress layer, and automatically calculating and dividing the curved surface by software in a finite element mode to obtain the curved surface which is the surface of the terrain or each stress layer; and selecting adjacent bearing layers, adopting a generation entity command, automatically calculating and generating filling between every two curved surfaces by software, then adopting a Boolean operation command, trimming the geological module, and finishing building the BIM model.
And 5, generating a working sand table according to the GIS model and the BIM model.
One specific embodiment of the present invention:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, reduce the dispute of earthwork engineering amount and adopt a measuring and calculating technology of simulating earthwork balance of BIM + GIS. The method comprises the steps of collecting topographic data by utilizing a forward and oblique photography technology of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the early stage of a project to form a data database, processing the data based on the data database to generate a high-precision GIS point cloud model, carrying out excavation and backfill measurement and calculation of on-site earth and rockfill in the model, reducing errors for mutual verification, establishing a geological model by adopting Civil 3D according to a project geological survey report, and rapidly calculating the earth volume between the existing curved surface and a design curved surface by utilizing a complex volume algorithm and an average section algorithm. And finally, outputting earthwork balance data in a mode of comparing and correcting BIM model data and GIS model data, wherein the error of measured data is small compared with the actual total amount, and the model can provide dividing and estimating data of earthwork engineering soil and rock types, provide scientific and accurate basis for settlement of project earthwork engineering amount, and effectively control project cost. Meanwhile, the adopted unmanned aerial vehicle is different from a common entertainment machine type which adopts GPS positioning, the error range is 5-10 meters, and the unmanned aerial vehicle of an RTK (Real-time kinematic) module adopts a Real-time dynamic positioning technology based on a carrier phase observation value, so that a three-dimensional positioning result of a measuring station in a specified coordinate system can be provided in Real time, centimeter-level precision is achieved, and the error is +/-1 cm +1 ppm. By using the unmanned aerial vehicle for aerial photography, the earthwork engineering quantity calculation does not stay in the traditional 'square method' for drawing the 'earthwork equilibrium diagram' for carrying out rough engineering quantity estimation, the engineering quantity calculation time can be saved, the accuracy of the calculation result can be improved, the measurement of distance, high-rise, area and volume can be directly carried out on the model, the excavation filling can also be directly calculated, and the error is extremely small. The method can be used for checking the BIM model to measure and calculate errors, and the accuracy of the earth data is doubly guaranteed by using the BIM and the GIS data, so that guarantee is provided for reasonably making a construction plan, accurately mastering the construction progress and finally settling accounts.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1. and determining the aerial survey range of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The method comprises the steps of determining a project aerial survey range in a click mode by utilizing the Google Earth (Google map) of a ground station, carrying out reasonable division of flight frames, optimizing an aerial photography scheme and improving the operation efficiency.
2. And planning the air route and setting parameters. Flight parameters of forward and oblique aerial surveying generally include height, speed, shooting interval, course interval, lateral interval and the like, and different parameter settings influence the accuracy of a final model, the aerial photographing efficiency and the like.
3. After the ground station setting and unmanned aerial vehicle assembly are completed, aerial surveying operation can be started. The unmanned aerial vehicle will carry out the equidistance according to the overlap ratio that the ground station set for and parameters such as route, scope with invariable speed to ground and shoot, operating personnel observe unmanned aerial vehicle position and the real-time flight parameter of ground station can.
4. And finally, performing data processing, wherein relatively small monomers or plots adopt Bentley ContextCapture (a parallel software system for three-dimensional model construction based on image automation) to complete the post-data processing of aerial survey, and can output format file achievements such as OSGB, OBJ, S3C and 3MX for post-browsing or processing.
5. The large engineering project or plot has a large shooting range and a large amount of image data, the computer memory required for completing reconstruction often reaches hundreds of G, the existing equipment cannot complete reconstruction calculation, and the cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community is adopted for model building, so that the modeling time is greatly shortened, and the purpose of final result output is achieved.
6. The finally established live-action model can be directly measured and analyzed in the model, and data including distance, high-rise, area, volume and the like can also be imported into Revit software to directly and accurately carry out excavation and backfill measurement and calculation of on-site earthwork, so that the dispute management and control cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the method can also be used for the aspects of field investigation, field cloth planning, post-disaster investigation, progress tracking and image reporting in the construction stage, project real-scene model formation in the completion stage and the like.
7. The method and the steps for building and applying the BIM model are as follows: the earth model was built and simulated using Civil 3D software from Autodesk. Firstly, extracting the hole number, the coordinate X, Y value and the orifice elevation of each drilling point position and the standard penetration depth of each rock-soil layer in a standard penetration test layering list according to an exploration point list in a geotechnical engineering survey report of a construction project, and classifying the hole number, the coordinate X, Y value and the orifice elevation as software-readable TXT files.
8. And (3) selecting an import data file through a point menu established in software, importing the classified data one by one to generate each point location, and performing point grouping according to the support layer.
9. The creation of the curved surface is carried out, a plurality of supporting layers establish the curved surfaces with corresponding number, the points corresponding to the curved surfaces are grouped and added into the curved surfaces to be associated with the curved surfaces (namely, the curved surfaces are associated with the point groups), so that software automatically calculates and divides the curved surfaces in a finite element mode, and the obtained curved surfaces are the landforms or the skins of the supporting layers.
10. And selecting adjacent bearing layers, and adopting a generation entity command, wherein the software can automatically calculate and generate filling between every two curved surfaces, but the geological modules which are often established have gaps or cross relations, and at the moment, the geological modules are pruned by adopting a Boolean operation command to form a complete geological module.
11. The geological survey model built by Civil 3D is led into Revit to be nested with the project foundation pit supporting model, so that the measurement and calculation of on-site earth excavation and backfilling can be directly and accurately carried out.
12. Furthermore, a mode method of simulating the pile foundation construction process by combining a pile foundation model can be used for analyzing the layer penetrating capacity of the pile pressing equipment by utilizing the model and selecting a reasonable pile foundation bearing layer; and the distribution and the stress of the building foundation are visually analyzed according to the geological survey model, the engineering calculation amount is combined, the number of the foundations and the length of the pile foundation in type selection prejudgment are optimized, and the like. Treatment plans are also proposed for (lenticular, intercalated) rock-soil bodies that may affect pile foundation construction.
13. Furthermore, a building and management integrated platform can be established by utilizing the BIM + GIS technology. Firstly, an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for forward and oblique photography to establish a GIS model, actual conditions such as existing buildings, terrains, roads and the like are expressed, then BIM models and information such as municipal pipe networks and newly-built projects are integrated and placed in a real scene model through a platform, a planning design management and control rule and an evaluation system are formed, planned economic and technical indexes can be inquired for specific planned land use, and administrative regions and service radiuses of urban construction projects and public service facility facilities falling to the ground on specific land blocks can be seen. And a unified working sand table is provided for design units, planning management departments and city decision makers.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A virtual construction method of earthwork engineering based on BIM + GIS technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting topographic data of a project place to form a database;
step 2, processing the data in the database to generate a GIS model;
and 3, excavating and backfilling measurement of the on-site earth and stone in the GIS model, and outputting a calculation result.
2. The virtual construction method of the earthwork project based on the BIM + GIS technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step 4, generating a BIM (building information modeling) model according to the project geological survey report, and calculating the earth volume through the BIM model; and comparing and correcting the earthwork amount and the calculation result, and outputting earthwork balance data.
3. The virtual construction method of the earthwork project based on the BIM + GIS technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: the step 4 is further specifically as follows: and (3) building an earthwork balance BIM model by adopting Civil 3D according to a project geological survey report, calculating the earthwork amount between the existing curved surface and the designed curved surface by utilizing a complex volume algorithm and an average section algorithm, comparing and correcting the earthwork amount and the calculation result, and outputting earthwork balance data.
4. The virtual construction method of the earthwork project based on the BIM + GIS technology according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the generating of the BIM model according to the project geological survey report is further specifically as follows: firstly, classifying and arranging the points into TXT files according to a project geological survey report, importing the TXT files, generating each point location, and carrying out point grouping according to a bearing stratum; establishing a curved surface according to the stress layer, grouping points corresponding to the curved surface, adding the points into the curved surface to enable the points to be associated with the stress layer, and automatically calculating and dividing the curved surface by software in a finite element mode to obtain the curved surface which is the surface of the terrain or each stress layer; and selecting adjacent bearing layers, adopting a generation entity command, automatically calculating and generating filling between every two curved surfaces by software, then adopting a Boolean operation command, trimming the geological module, and finishing building the BIM model.
5. The virtual construction method of the earthwork project based on the BIM + GIS technology according to claim 2, characterized in that:
and 5, generating a working sand table according to the GIS model and the BIM model.
6. The virtual construction method of the earthwork project based on the BIM + GIS technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step 1 is further specifically as follows: determining the aerial survey range of the unmanned aerial vehicle, planning the air route of the unmanned aerial vehicle, starting aerial survey operation, and acquiring terrain data of a project place through forward and oblique photography technologies of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a database.
7. The virtual construction method of the earthwork project based on the BIM + GIS technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step 2 is further specifically as follows: if the data size in the database is smaller than the limit value, adopting BentleyContextCapture to complete data processing and generating a GIS model; and if not, performing data processing by adopting the cloud computing function of the Altizure three-dimensional modeling community to generate a GIS model.
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