CN111765869A - Different-gradient road earthwork measurement method based on oblique photography technology - Google Patents
Different-gradient road earthwork measurement method based on oblique photography technology Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/05—Geographic models
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring earthwork of roads with different gradients based on oblique photography technology, which adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle to shoot an earthwork measurement area and generates an oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model of the shot area; setting a shooting course in the direction vertical to the road slope, acquiring image data information of the vertical road slope, and establishing a corrected three-dimensional real-scene model of road slope oblique photography; determining the horizontal distance of the road side slope and the top point of the slope top through a three-dimensional live-action model of oblique photography and a slope proportion calculation formula, and further acquiring the earth volume of the road side slope; dividing a road earthwork measurement area into a slope area, a filling and digging boundary area, a rectangular area and a non-rectangular area, dividing the road earthwork measurement area into five levels of areas according to the area, setting the shape and sampling distance of a sampling point, respectively measuring the filling and digging earthwork amount of each area, and obtaining the road earthwork amount after slope processing after accumulation. The method corrects the road slope model, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the earthwork measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road engineering, in particular to a method for measuring earthwork of roads with different gradients based on an oblique photography technology.
Background
Oblique photography has become more and more widely used in the fields of measurement, survey, design, etc. of municipal infrastructure as a high and new technology developed in the surveying and mapping field in recent years. The oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model is established by shooting through the unmanned aerial vehicle, topographic data information can be provided for road earthwork calculation, the construction condition of a road can be reflected, and calculation basis is provided for earthwork measurement. However, when the oblique photography is used for shooting a road slope, the slope of the road slope in the oblique photography three-dimensional real-scene model is increased under the influence of the slope of the road slope and a shooting route, so that the measurement of the earth volume of the road slope is inaccurate. Obviously, the earth of the road side slope accounts for a large part of the total earth of the road, and particularly, the earth volume of the road side slope in the mountainous area is a main component of the total earth volume. Therefore, road slope processing in the measuring process is important for road earth volume statistics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for measuring earthwork of roads with different gradients based on oblique photography technology.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for measuring the earthwork of the road with different gradients based on the oblique photography technology comprises the following steps:
collecting and arranging geographic position data of an earthwork measurement area;
determining an aerial route and aerial parameters of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to site survey and an electronic map, shooting by the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the aerial route and the aerial parameters to obtain preliminary oblique photography data of each partition, removing unnecessary and redundant data by using aerial photography pos data, and generating an oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model of each partition of a shooting area;
step three: assembling the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action models of each subarea, importing the three-dimensional live-action models of each subarea into three-maintenance editing software, and determining continuous numbers and two same special coordinate points of adjacent subareas; completing mold assembly of the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model according to two same special coordinate points; processing the overlapped part after die assembly by using pos data to enable the three-dimensional real-scene models of adjacent subareas to be combined seamlessly; by analogy, the die assembly of the whole oblique photography area is completed;
setting a shooting route of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the direction vertical to the road slope to acquire image data of the vertical road slope;
integrating image data of the vertical road slope into the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model, and establishing a corrected road slope oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model;
step six, inquiring the elevation of the slope in the corrected three-dimensional real-scene model of the slope oblique photography of the road slope, inquiring the proportion of the road slope in the cross section diagram of the construction subgrade, and calculating a formula according to the proportion of the slope:
calculating the horizontal distance of the road slope; measuring the horizontal distance and the corresponding elevation point of the road slope in the corrected three-dimensional real-scene model of the road slope oblique photography, determining the top point of the slope top of the road slope, and further obtaining the earth volume of the road slope;
step seven, dividing the road slope into side slope areas, dividing filling and digging junction parts into filling and digging junction areas, and dividing other road earthwork measurement areas into rectangular areas and non-rectangular areas;
step eight, setting sampling points of earthwork measurement into rectangular sampling points and triangular sampling points, and dividing a slope region, a filling and digging junction region, a rectangular region and a non-rectangular region into a large region, a general region, a small region and a micro region according to areas;
step nine, setting an earth calculation error, and calculating the sampling distance of the divided area according to the formula (1);
wherein f (a)i) Calculate error, f (d), for the earthwork of the i-th regioni) Is the sampling distance of the i-th region, f (c)i) Is the measured perimeter of the i-th region, [ integral ] f (x ^ fi)f(yi) dxdy is the measured area of the i-th region where ai、di、ciRespectively calculating error variable, sampling distance variable and measuring perimeter variable of the ith area; x is the number ofi、yiRespectively an x-axis value and a y-axis value of an ith area coordinate system; (ii) a
Step ten, in the rectangular area, setting the sampling distance of the large area as 1 unit, the sampling distance of the large area as 0.5 unit, the sampling distance of the general area as 0.3 unit, the sampling distance of the small area as 0.1 unit and the sampling distance of the micro area as 0.05 unit;
step eleven, setting the sampling distance of a large area to be 0.5 unit, the sampling distance of a large area to be 0.3 unit, the sampling distance of a general area to be 0.1 unit, the sampling distance of a small area to be 0.05 unit and the sampling distance of a micro area to be 0.01 unit in a slope area, a filling and digging boundary area and a non-rectangular area;
step twelve, according to the area of each region and the set sampling distance, rectangular sampling points are adopted in the rectangular region, triangular sampling points are adopted in the slope region, the non-rectangular region and the filling and digging junction region, and the filling and digging volume of each region is respectively measured;
and step thirteen, accumulating the filling and excavating earthwork amount of each area to obtain the road earthwork amount after the side slope treatment.
Further, in the second step, the aerial photography parameters comprise aerial photography height and speed, the aerial photography parameters are set according to the distribution situation of buildings in the site shooting area, the unmanned aerial vehicle test flight is set according to the preliminarily set aerial photography route and parameters, the aerial photography route and parameter setting are adjusted according to the test flight result, the aerial photography is carried out according to the adjusted aerial photography route and parameters, and preliminary oblique photography data are obtained.
Further, in step eight, the area of the large area is larger than 6400 square unit, the area of the 6400 square unit is larger than 1600 square unit, the area of the 1600 square unit is larger than general area and larger than 576 square unit, the area of the 576 square unit is larger than 576 square unit, the area of the small area is larger than 64 square unit, and the area of the small area is smaller than 64 square unit.
The method for measuring the earthwork of the road with different gradients based on the oblique photography technology adopts the technical scheme, namely, the method adopts the unmanned aerial vehicle to shoot an earthwork measurement area and generates an oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model of the shot area; setting a shooting route in the direction vertical to the road slope, acquiring image data information of the vertical road slope, and establishing a corrected road slope oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model by combining an oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model; determining the horizontal distance of the road side slope and the top point of the slope top through a three-dimensional live-action model of oblique photography and a slope proportion calculation formula, and further acquiring the earth volume of the road side slope; dividing a road earthwork measurement area into a slope area, a filling and digging junction area, a rectangular area and a non-rectangular area, dividing the road earthwork measurement area into a large area, a general area, a small area and a micro area according to the area, setting the shape and the sampling distance of a sampling point, and respectively measuring the filling and digging earthwork amount of each area; and accumulating the earth filling and excavating quantities of all the areas to obtain the earth volume of the road after the side slope treatment. The method divides the measured earthwork area according to a certain area, sets corresponding grades, and corrects the road slope model, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of earthwork measurement, reducing the earthwork measurement cost, and providing reliable basis for road project budget and settlement.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring earth on roads with different gradients based on oblique photography.
Detailed Description
Embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring earth on roads with different gradients based on oblique photography of the present invention comprises the following steps:
collecting and arranging geographic position data of an earthwork measurement area;
determining an aerial route and aerial parameters of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to site survey and an electronic map, shooting by the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the aerial route and the aerial parameters to obtain preliminary oblique photography data of each partition, removing unnecessary and redundant data by using aerial photography pos data, and generating an oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model of each partition of a shooting area;
the unnecessary and redundant data refers to oblique photography data beyond the project specified range and abnormal oblique photography data, such as data in oblique photography deviating from a building or a structure too high or too low and oblique photography data with overlap in the mold closing process;
step three: assembling the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action models of each subarea, importing the three-dimensional live-action models of each subarea into three-maintenance editing software, and determining continuous numbers and two same special coordinate points of adjacent subareas; completing mold assembly of the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model according to two same special coordinate points; processing the overlapped part after die assembly by using pos data to enable the three-dimensional real-scene models of adjacent subareas to be combined seamlessly; by analogy, the die assembly of the whole oblique photography area is completed;
setting a shooting route of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the direction vertical to the road slope to acquire image data of the vertical road slope;
integrating image data of the vertical road slope into the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model, and establishing a corrected road slope oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model;
step six, inquiring the elevation of the slope in the corrected three-dimensional real-scene model of the slope oblique photography of the road slope, inquiring the proportion of the road slope in the cross section diagram of the construction subgrade, and calculating a formula according to the proportion of the slope:
calculating the horizontal distance of the road slope; measuring the horizontal distance and the corresponding elevation point of the road slope in the corrected three-dimensional real-scene model of the road slope oblique photography, determining the top point of the slope top of the road slope, and further obtaining the earth volume of the road slope;
step seven, dividing the road slope into side slope areas, dividing filling and digging junction parts into filling and digging junction areas, and dividing other road earthwork measurement areas into rectangular areas and non-rectangular areas;
step eight, setting sampling points of earthwork measurement into rectangular sampling points and triangular sampling points, and dividing a slope region, a filling and digging junction region, a rectangular region and a non-rectangular region into a large region, a general region, a small region and a micro region according to areas; the sampling points are rectangular, including square and rectangle, generally square; the triangular sampling points are the triangular sampling points, and are generally equilateral triangles;
step nine, setting an earth calculation error, and calculating the sampling distance of the divided area according to the formula (1);
wherein f (a)i) Calculate error, f (d), for the earthwork of the i-th regioni) Is the sampling distance of the i-th region, f (c)i) Is the measured perimeter of the i-th region, [ integral ] f (x ^ fi)f(yi) dxdy is the measured area of the i-th region where ai、di、ciRespectively calculating error variable, sampling distance variable and measuring perimeter variable of the ith area; x is the number ofi、yiRespectively an x-axis value and a y-axis value of an ith area coordinate system; (ii) a
Step ten, in the rectangular area, setting the sampling distance of the large area as 1 unit, the sampling distance of the large area as 0.5 unit, the sampling distance of the general area as 0.3 unit, the sampling distance of the small area as 0.1 unit and the sampling distance of the micro area as 0.05 unit;
step eleven, setting the sampling distance of a large area to be 0.5 unit, the sampling distance of a large area to be 0.3 unit, the sampling distance of a general area to be 0.1 unit, the sampling distance of a small area to be 0.05 unit and the sampling distance of a micro area to be 0.01 unit in a slope area, a filling and digging boundary area and a non-rectangular area;
step twelve, according to the area of each region and the set sampling distance, rectangular sampling points are adopted in the rectangular region, triangular sampling points are adopted in the slope region, the non-rectangular region and the filling and digging junction region, and the filling and digging volume of each region is respectively measured; distributing sampling points with corresponding sampling distances in a defined area, and calculating the amount of excavated and filled earth in the area through application software;
and step thirteen, accumulating the filling and excavating earthwork amount of each area to obtain the road earthwork amount after the side slope treatment.
Preferably, in the second step, the aerial photography parameters include aerial photography height and speed, the aerial photography parameters are set according to the distribution situation of buildings in the site shooting area, the unmanned aerial vehicle test flight is set according to the preliminarily set aerial photography route and parameters, the aerial photography route and parameter setting are adjusted according to the test flight result, the aerial photography is carried out according to the adjusted aerial photography route and parameters, and preliminary oblique photography data are obtained.
Preferably, in step eight, the area of the large area is larger than 6400 square unit, 6400 square unit is larger than or equal to the larger area and larger than 1600 square unit, 1600 square unit is larger than or equal to the general area and larger than 576 square unit, 576 square unit is larger than or equal to the small area and larger than or equal to 64 square unit, and the area of the small area is smaller than or equal to 64 square unit.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining oblique photography data according to an aerial route and set parameters, and establishing an oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model; shooting in the direction vertical to the road slope, and establishing a corrected road slope oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model; dividing an earthwork measurement area into a rectangular area, a non-rectangular area, a slope area and a filling and digging junction area; dividing the region into five hierarchical regions of a large region, a general region, a small region and a micro region according to the area size of the region; determining sampling distances of five grade areas according to a proposed earthwork measurement error calculation formula; further determining the sampling distance and the sampling shape rule of each area, and calculating the excavation and filling amount of each area; the accumulated sum of the earth volume excavated and filled is the accumulated earth volume of the earth measurement area.
The method divides the measured earthwork area into a rectangular area, a non-rectangular area, a slope area and a filling and digging junction area, divides the area into five grade areas of a large area, a general area, a small area and a micro area according to the area, and determines the sampling distance of the five grade areas, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of the earthwork measurement and reducing the measurement cost. Compared with rectangular sampling points, the area of the triangular sampling points is half of that of the rectangle under the same sampling distance, so that the rectangular sampling points are adopted in the rectangular region to improve the calculation efficiency, and the triangular sampling points are adopted in the non-rectangular region, the slope region and the filling and digging junction region to further improve the accuracy of earthwork measurement and reduce the measurement error. Meanwhile, the method improves the accuracy of the earthwork measurement of the road slope by correcting the three-dimensional live-action model of the road slope, thereby improving the accuracy of the accumulated earthwork amount and providing a reliable basis for the budget and settlement of road projects.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring earthwork of roads with different gradients based on oblique photography technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting and arranging geographic position data of an earthwork measurement area;
determining an aerial route and aerial parameters of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to site survey and an electronic map, shooting by the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the aerial route and the aerial parameters to obtain preliminary oblique photography data of each subarea, removing unnecessary and redundant data by using aerial photography pos data, and generating an oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model of each subarea of a shooting area;
step three: assembling the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action models of each subarea, importing the three-dimensional live-action models of each subarea into three-maintenance editing software, and determining continuous numbers and two same special coordinate points of adjacent subareas; completing mold assembly of the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model according to two same special coordinate points; processing the overlapped part after die assembly by using pos data to enable the three-dimensional real-scene models of adjacent subareas to be combined seamlessly; by analogy, the die assembly of the whole oblique photography area is completed;
setting a shooting route of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the direction vertical to the road slope to acquire image data of the vertical road slope;
integrating image data of the vertical road slope into the oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model, and establishing a corrected road slope oblique photography three-dimensional live-action model;
step six, inquiring the elevation of the slope in the corrected three-dimensional real-scene model of the slope oblique photography of the road slope, inquiring the proportion of the road slope in the cross section diagram of the construction subgrade, and calculating a formula according to the proportion of the slope:
calculating the horizontal distance of the road slope; measuring the horizontal distance and the corresponding elevation point of the road slope in the corrected three-dimensional real-scene model of the road slope oblique photography, determining the top point of the slope top of the road slope, and further obtaining the earth volume of the road slope;
step seven, dividing the road slope into side slope areas, dividing filling and digging junction parts into filling and digging junction areas, and dividing other road earthwork measurement areas into rectangular areas and non-rectangular areas;
step eight, setting sampling points of earthwork measurement into rectangular sampling points and triangular sampling points, and dividing a slope region, a filling and digging junction region, a rectangular region and a non-rectangular region into a large region, a general region, a small region and a micro region according to areas;
step nine, setting an earth calculation error, and calculating the sampling distance of the divided area according to the formula (1);
wherein f (a)i) Calculate error, f (d), for the earthwork of the i-th regioni) Is the sampling distance of the i-th region, f (c)i) Is the measured perimeter of the i-th region, [ integral ] f (x ^ fi)f(yi) dxdy is the measured area of the ith region; wherein a isi、di、ciRespectively calculating error variable, sampling distance variable and measuring perimeter variable of the ith area; x is the number ofi、yiRespectively an x-axis value and a y-axis value of an ith area coordinate system;
step ten, in the rectangular area, setting the sampling distance of the large area as 1 unit, the sampling distance of the large area as 0.5 unit, the sampling distance of the general area as 0.3 unit, the sampling distance of the small area as 0.1 unit and the sampling distance of the micro area as 0.05 unit;
step eleven, setting the sampling distance of a large area to be 0.5 unit, the sampling distance of a large area to be 0.3 unit, the sampling distance of a general area to be 0.1 unit, the sampling distance of a small area to be 0.05 unit and the sampling distance of a micro area to be 0.01 unit in a slope area, a filling and digging boundary area and a non-rectangular area;
step twelve, according to the area of each region and the set sampling distance, rectangular sampling points are adopted in the rectangular region, triangular sampling points are adopted in the slope region, the non-rectangular region and the filling and digging junction region, and the filling and digging volume of each region is respectively measured;
and step thirteen, accumulating the filling and excavating earthwork amount of each area to obtain the road earthwork amount after the side slope treatment.
2. The different-gradient road earth measurement method based on oblique photography technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the aerial photographing parameters comprise aerial photographing height and speed, the aerial photographing height and speed are set according to the distribution condition of buildings in the field photographing area, the unmanned aerial vehicle test flight is set according to the preliminarily set aerial photographing route and parameters, the aerial photographing route and parameter setting are adjusted according to the test flight result, photographing is carried out according to the adjusted aerial photographing route and parameters, and preliminary oblique photographing data are obtained.
3. The different-gradient road earth measurement method based on oblique photography technique according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step eight, the large area is larger than 6400 square unit, 6400 square unit is larger than or equal to the larger area and larger than 1600 square unit, 1600 square unit is larger than or equal to the general area and larger than 576 square unit, 576 square unit is larger than or equal to the small area and larger than 64 square unit, and the small area is smaller than or equal to 64 square unit.
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