CN110728752A - Construction method of three-dimensional terrain scene model of road - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a three-dimensional terrain scene model of a road, which comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring topographic data along the highway, engineering design drawings of a tunnel, a bridge culvert and a roadbed and a remote sensing image map through the existing technical data; 2) excavating needed data from the acquired data; carrying out geometric correction on the obtained remote sensing image; 3) according to the processed data, combining a Civil3D technology to sequentially construct a high-precision original terrain curved surface, a road section cross section assembly manufacturing and a road curved surface, then performing superposition processing on the road curved surface and the original terrain curved surface to finish filling and excavating processing on the original curved surface, and then processing the processed original curved surface in a 3ds Max according to an engineering design drawing and the original curve to obtain a digital terrain model; 4) and superposing the remote sensing image map and the digital terrain model to establish an integral terrain scene model. The invention solves the problems of high cost and low precision of the existing terrain model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traffic facilities, in particular to a method for constructing a three-dimensional terrain scene model of a road.
Background
With the continuous development of traffic infrastructure, higher requirements are put on operation management and maintenance. The comprehensive traffic infrastructure management platform based on the BIM and GIS technology combines large-scale macroscopic scenes such as spatial information, attribute information, terrain and landform of traffic infrastructures together, vividly and intuitively expresses the terrain and landform environments of the existing traffic infrastructure and lines of the existing traffic infrastructure in a three-dimensional visualization mode, can quickly and accurately acquire required information, and improves the efficiency of road operation and maintenance management.
In a traffic infrastructure management information platform, in order to enable a scene to have a continuous three-dimensional overall effect, a BIM (building information modeling) model of a road infrastructure and a digital terrain model must be well fused, and the reality of the display of the whole three-dimensional scene is improved. To realize the fusion management of BIM and GIS, the first step is the fusion of the BIM model and the GIS terrain, the accuracy of the GIS terrain directly concerns whether the BIM model can be accurately fused to the GIS platform or not, and the visualization degree of the BIM model on the GIS platform, and the terrain of the existing GIS platform mainly has the following sources:
the accuracy requirement of the traffic industry on scenes is generally high, so the terrain modeling technology proposed by the method is an established high-accuracy terrain model.
Currently, the mainstream BIM model and terrain fusion modes include the following modes:
(1) the original terrain carried by the GIS platform is fused with the BIM, and the transparency of the terrain is changed by the API editing program provided by each GIS platform, so that the BIM is visualized on the GIS platform, and the terrain acquired in the mode can only complete the visualization of the BIM and is not suitable for the space analysis research of the terrain;
(2) the existing structure model and the terrain model are obtained through the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, and are guided into the GIS platform after further processing, so that the technology is high in efficiency and low in precision, and is mainly suitable for large-scale building group manufacturing;
(3) the GIS terrain precision established by the method is high, secondary measurement on the terrain is avoided, and the cost is reduced.
The precision requirement of the road traffic infrastructure operation and maintenance management on the three-dimensional scene is high, and a refined three-dimensional scene model is adopted by the management information platform. The high-precision terrain model is a foundation and a carrier of the BIM model, is a basic data model for road three-dimensional visualization, road digital terrain analysis and the like, can intuitively express the mutual relation between the BIM models, enhances the three-dimensional visualization effect, and has great significance for disaster simulation, hydrological analysis, flooding analysis and the like. Therefore, how to establish a refined terrain model and seamlessly connect the refined terrain model with a highway BIM model is the key point of establishing an information platform for operation, maintenance and management of highway traffic infrastructure. At present, the three-dimensional terrain scene of the road is mainly constructed in the following ways:
①, a post three-dimensional modeling system of the road design software is used for three-dimensional modeling of road terrain scenes, the method uses a parameter curve for modeling, and the obtained terrain model can meet the requirement of simple road visualization after being subjected to three-dimensional rendering optimization by other software, but the display degree of the three-dimensional road is far lower than the actual situation;
② A road three-dimensional scene modeling method based on CDT (Constrained Delaunay Triangulation) inserts points and Constrained edges in the Constrained Delaunay Triangulation to integrate a road infrastructure surface model and a terrain surface model, so that a road three-dimensional scene model integrating an appearance and an internal topological relation can be constructed.
In addition, a great deal of research is carried out on the method that measuring instruments such as unmanned aerial vehicles, laser scanners, total stations and GPS are adopted to collect terrain data, an original terrain model is built, and traffic engineering three-dimensional design is carried out on the basis of terrain building.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a road three-dimensional terrain scene model, which solves the problems of high cost and low precision of the conventional terrain model.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for constructing a three-dimensional terrain scene model of a road comprises the following steps:
1) and data acquisition: acquiring topographic data along a highway, engineering design drawings of a tunnel, a bridge culvert and a roadbed and a remote sensing image map by using the existing technical data;
2) and data processing: combing the obtained topographic data and engineering design drawings along the road with the corresponding CAD drawings, and excavating the data required by the three-dimensional topographic modeling of the road from the obtained topographic data and engineering design drawings; geometric correction is carried out on the obtained remote sensing image map, so that the remote sensing image map can reflect the near-real geographic condition;
3) and establishing a terrain model: according to the data processed in the step 2), combining a Civil3D technology to sequentially construct a high-precision original terrain curved surface, a road section cross section assembly and a road curved surface, then performing superposition processing on the road curved surface and the original terrain curved surface to complete filling and excavating processing on the original curved surface, then introducing the processed original curved surface into a 3ds Max, establishing a tunnel and bridge culvert model according to an engineering design drawing, and processing the original curved surface to obtain a digital terrain model;
4) three-dimensional visualization of terrain scene: and superposing the remote sensing image map and the digital terrain model to establish an integral terrain scene model.
In the application process, the terrain scene model is issued to an arcgis server through a network, and is called to a management platform at a web end, and is combined with a road traffic infrastructure (BIM) model deployed in advance to form an integral scene in an intelligent management platform, so that seamless connection between the existing road traffic infrastructure (BIM) model and a digital terrain model is realized.
The invention establishes the original terrain by taking the topographic map as a data source, can utilize the existing topographic map data to the maximum extent and has low cost.
According to the invention, the actual GIS engineering terrain is established by processing the original terrain of the highway through Civil3d, the seamless connection between the BIM model of the traffic infrastructure and the surrounding terrain is realized, the micro-terrain along the highway and the surrounding terrain scene thereof can be directly obtained, the traditional independent establishing and fusing process is avoided, the secondary measurement of the engineering terrain is not needed, the time and the labor cost are saved, and the large-range three-dimensional scene is convenient for disaster simulation, hydrological analysis, flooding analysis and the like of the area along the highway.
Further, the topographic data along the road in the step 1) comprises a two-dimensional topographic map represented by contour lines, and the engineering design drawing comprises cross section data, longitudinal section data and flat curve information of a central line.
Further, the flat curve information of the center line comprises the center line of the highway, the pile number information of the middle pile, the road surface, the road shoulder and the curve information of the curve; the longitudinal section data comprises elevation information of a central line of the highway, elevation information of the original ground and elevation text information corresponding to each middle pile; the cross section data comprises section specifications and the number of the middle pile corresponding to the section.
Further, the specific steps of establishing the terrain model in step 3) are as follows:
3a) importing the processed contour line data into Civil3D, and rapidly constructing a high-precision original terrain curved surface based on a Delaunay triangulation network of a quadtree;
3b) according to the road cross section data, the road cross section components carried by Civil3D are adopted, and a Civil3D component editor is combined to manufacture corresponding components, so that the assembly and manufacture of the road section is completed;
3c) setting cross section assembly of a road section according to the longitudinal section data and the flat curve information of the central line, and generating a three-dimensional road model in Civil 3D; generating a road curved surface along the boundary of the road model;
3d) stacking the road curved surface and the original terrain curved surface by utilizing the curved surface stacking function of Civil3D to finish filling and excavating processing of the original curved surface;
3e) and in Civil3D, converting the processed terrain curved surface into a vsp3d file supported by 3dsMax by exporting to a 3ds Max tool, establishing a tunnel and a bridge culvert model according to an engineering design drawing in 3ds Max, and respectively solving difference sets of the terrain model and the tunnel and bridge culvert model through Boolean operation to complete the modeling of the actual engineering terrain.
Further, in step 3), the original terrain data of the whole area is divided into blocks according to the road alignment, terrain models of the divided small blocks are respectively established, and the terrain models of the small blocks are collected into the high-precision original terrain curved surface.
Usually, large-scale terrain involves massive data, the large-scale terrain model is very complex to construct, and the small-block terrain model is simpler to construct, so that the original terrain data must be divided into blocks, the working difficulty is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Further, checking and registering the acquired topographic data and engineering design drawings along the road in the step 2), and then carrying out vectorization processing.
Because the drawing lacks spatial reference information, the drawing must be checked and registered first and then vectorized. The method for obtaining the topographic data can utilize the existing topographic map data to the maximum extent and has low cost.
Further, the geometric correction process of the remote sensing image map in the step 2) is as follows:
the remote sensing image is guided into GIS software to carry out coordinate conversion in a projection transformation mode, and the coordinates of all geographic elements in the platform are ensured to be uniform; and further selecting common points in the remote sensing image and the topographic map as control points, and adopting a geographic registration tool to register the remote sensing image, so as to ensure that the control points are uniformly distributed on the image.
For the obtained remote sensing image, due to the influence of factors such as the change of the position and the motion state of a remote sensing platform, topographic relief, curvature of the earth surface, atmospheric refraction, earth rotation and the like, the remote sensing image can change in geometric position to generate distortions such as uneven lines and rows, inaccurate correspondence between the size of a pixel and the size of the ground, irregular change of the shape of a ground object and the like, and therefore, the image needs to be geometrically corrected to reflect the geographical condition close to reality.
Further, the channel for acquiring the technical data in the step 1) comprises related departments and map downloading software.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention establishes the original terrain by taking the topographic map as a data source, can utilize the existing topographic map data to the maximum extent and has low cost.
2. According to the invention, the actual GIS engineering terrain is established by processing the original terrain of the highway through Civil3d, the seamless connection between the BIM model of the traffic infrastructure and the surrounding terrain is realized, the micro-terrain along the highway and the surrounding terrain scene thereof can be directly obtained, the traditional independent establishing and fusing process is avoided, the secondary measurement of the engineering terrain is not needed, the time and the labor cost are saved, and the large-range three-dimensional scene is convenient for disaster simulation, hydrological analysis, flooding analysis and the like of the area along the highway.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a technical flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a road surface view;
FIG. 3 is a topographical curved view after filling and excavating;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the effect of matching the management platform model with the terrain.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a method for constructing a road three-dimensional terrain scene model includes the following steps:
(1) and (6) data acquisition.
The data acquisition is the primary task of establishing a digital terrain model of a highway, and comprises the acquisition of terrain data along the highway, the collection of tunnel and roadbed engineering drawing information and the acquisition of a remote sensing image map.
The topographic data is a two-dimensional topographic map represented by contour lines, the tunnel and roadbed engineering drawings contain cross section data, longitudinal section data and plane curve information of central lines, and the topographic map and the engineering drawings are respectively provided by related departments.
And the remote sensing image map downloads the image map of the corresponding area by using map downloading software in a four-point coordinate mode and the like, and the image map is stored as a tiff format image, so that the acquisition of the terrain image is completed. In order to ensure the precision of the remote sensing image picture, the remote sensing image picture can be downloaded in blocks during downloading, and finally, the remote sensing image picture is embedded.
(2) And (6) data processing.
The obtained topographic map and design data of the tunnel and the roadbed comprise a plurality of information such as geometric figures, numbers, texts and the like, so that all information contained in the map and the corresponding CAD (computer-aided design) layers of the map need to be combed at first, and data required by highway three-dimensional topographic modeling are excavated from the information. Based on an actual road CAD drawing, basic design data used for road terrain three-dimensional modeling are screened, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: topographic elevation information, planar route maps, longitudinal section maps of routes, cross-sectional maps of roadbeds, cross-sectional maps of tunnels, and the like.
Data extraction the following issues should be noted:
① the route information (highway central line information) in the plane route map is the basis of highway three-dimensional modeling, and the information extracted from the road central line and the information of the pile number in the pile number (including the pile number and the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) and azimuth angle) also includes the road surface, the road shoulder and the curve information of the curve.
② the longitudinal section of the road shows the elevation information of the central line of the road, and contains the elevation information of the original ground, the information extracted from it is mainly the elevation text information (i.e. the z value of the elevation coordinate of the middle pile) corresponding to each middle pile.
③ the information extracted from the cross-sectional diagram includes the section specification and the number of the middle pile corresponding to the section.
In addition, because the drawing lacks spatial reference information, the drawing must be checked and registered first and then vectorized. The method for obtaining the topographic data can utilize the existing topographic map data to the maximum extent and has low cost.
For the obtained remote sensing image, due to the influence of factors such as the change of the position and the motion state of a remote sensing platform, topographic relief, curvature of the earth surface, atmospheric refraction, earth rotation and the like, the remote sensing image can change in geometric position to generate distortions such as uneven lines and rows, inaccurate correspondence between the size of a pixel and the size of the ground, irregular change of the shape of a ground object and the like, and therefore, the image needs to be geometrically corrected to reflect the geographical condition close to reality. Firstly, the coordinate transformation is carried out by adopting a projection transformation mode in the GIS software, and the coordinates of all the geographic elements in the platform are ensured to be uniform. And further selecting common points in the remote sensing image and the topographic map as control points, and adopting a geographic registration tool to register the satellite image, wherein the control points are uniformly distributed on the image map.
(3) Establishment of terrain model
The road terrain scene modeling is to perform filling and excavation processing on an original terrain and excavation processing on an entrance and an exit of a tunnel to obtain an actual engineering terrain. TIN is used to express terrain in view of banded terrain features. The idea of road terrain scene modeling is as follows: firstly, establishing an original terrain model of an area; for a roadbed section, extracting a peripheral contour line of the roadbed section according to a construction drawing of roadbed engineering, creating a cross section contour assembly by using a Civil3D component editor, generating a road curved surface by combining plane line arrangement and longitudinal section lines, fusing the road curved surface and an original terrain curved surface by using a curved surface stacking function, fusing the road curved surface into the original terrain curved surface, and finishing filling and excavation processing of the original curved surface; for the tunnel and the bridge and culvert sections, Boolean operation is carried out on the tunnel and the bridge and culvert models established through the construction drawing and the terrain after filling and excavating in 3ds Max to process the terrain at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel and the area of the bridge and culvert to obtain the actual engineering terrain. In this way, road BIM models created from the same data can be seamlessly merged with terrain models. The method comprises the following specific steps:
① large-scale terrain usually involves massive data, the construction of large-scale terrain models is very complex, the construction of small-block terrain models is simple, and therefore, the block division of the original terrain data is necessary, the processed contour line data is imported into Civil3D, the high-precision original terrain curved surface is quickly constructed based on the Delaunay triangulation network of the quadtree,
② according to the cross-sectional diagram of the road, the road cross-sectional components carried by Civil3D are adopted, and a Civil3D component editor is combined to manufacture components such as a multistage slope component and a retaining wall, so that the cross-sectional assembly of different road sections is completed;
③ synthesizing the road center line plane curve obtained after vectorization and the route vertical curve drawn in the vertical section, arranging different sections for cross section assembly, generating a three-dimensional road model in Civil3D, and generating a road curved surface along the boundary of the road model, as shown in FIG. 2.
④ the curved surface of road and the curved surface of original terrain are superposed by Civil3D to complete the filling and digging process of the original curved surface, as shown in FIG. 3.
⑤ in Civil3D, the processed terrain curved surface is converted into a vsp3d file supported by 3dsMax by exporting to a 3ds Max tool, a tunnel model is established in the 3ds Max according to the collected tunnel design drawing, only a refined entity model at the entrance and exit of the tunnel is established as the terrain of the area where the entrance and exit of the tunnel are located needs to be processed, and finally the difference between the terrain model and the tunnel model is obtained through Boolean operation, namely the terrain model at the entrance and exit of the tunnel is cut, so that the modeling of the actual engineering terrain is completed.
(4) Three-dimensional visualization of terrain scene
By superposing the satellite image data and the digital terrain data, an integral terrain scene model can be established, and the terrain, the landform and the environment of a line passing area can be truly displayed. The specific method comprises the following steps: newly building a cityEngine scene, setting the coordinates of the scene as a WGS-84 coordinate system, introducing an engineering terrain model processed by 3ds Max into the cityEngine in an FBX format, attaching the acquired terrain image to the terrain model through a texture attachment function, and finally moving the terrain model to an actual geographic position through geographic registration to complete the construction of the actual engineering terrain scene model attached with the image.
In the application process, the terrain scene model of the embodiment is released to an arcgis server through a network, and is called to a management platform at a web end, and is combined with a road traffic infrastructure (BIM) model deployed in advance to form an overall scene in an intelligent management platform, as shown in FIG. 4.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional road terrain scene model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) and data acquisition: acquiring topographic data along a highway, engineering design drawings of a tunnel, a bridge culvert and a roadbed and a remote sensing image map by using the existing technical data;
2) and data processing: combing the obtained topographic data and engineering design drawings along the road with the corresponding CAD drawings, and excavating the data required by the three-dimensional topographic modeling of the road from the obtained topographic data and engineering design drawings; geometric correction is carried out on the obtained remote sensing image map, so that the remote sensing image map can reflect the near-real geographic condition;
3) and establishing a terrain model: according to the data processed in the step 2), combining a Civil3D technology to sequentially construct a high-precision original terrain curved surface, a road section cross section assembly and a road curved surface, then performing superposition processing on the road curved surface and the original terrain curved surface to complete filling and excavating processing on the original curved surface, then introducing the processed original curved surface into a 3ds Max, establishing a tunnel and bridge culvert model according to an engineering design drawing, and processing the original curved surface to obtain a digital terrain model;
4) three-dimensional visualization of terrain scene: and superposing the remote sensing image map and the digital terrain model to establish an integral terrain scene model.
2. The method for constructing the three-dimensional terrain scene model of the road according to claim 1, wherein the terrain data along the road in the step 1) comprises a two-dimensional terrain map represented by contour lines, and the engineering design drawing comprises cross section data, longitudinal section data and plane curve information of a central line.
3. The method for constructing the three-dimensional terrain scene model of the road according to claim 2, wherein the flat curve information of the center line comprises the center line of the road, the number information of the middle pile, the road surface, the road shoulder and the curve information of the curve; the longitudinal section data comprises elevation information of a central line of the highway, elevation information of the original ground and elevation text information corresponding to each middle pile; the cross section data comprises section specifications and the number of the middle pile corresponding to the section.
4. The method for constructing the three-dimensional terrain scene model of the road according to claim 2, characterized in that the specific steps of establishing the terrain model in the step 3) are as follows:
3a) importing the processed contour line data into Civil3D, and rapidly constructing a high-precision original terrain curved surface based on a Delaunay triangulation network of a quadtree;
3b) according to the road cross section data, the road cross section components carried by Civil3D are adopted, and a Civil3D component editor is combined to manufacture corresponding components, so that the assembly and manufacture of the road section is completed;
3c) setting cross section assembly of a road section according to the longitudinal section data and the flat curve information of the central line, and generating a three-dimensional road model in Civil 3D; generating a road curved surface along the boundary of the road model;
3d) stacking the road curved surface and the original terrain curved surface by utilizing the curved surface stacking function of Civil3D to finish filling and excavating processing of the original curved surface;
3e) and in Civil3D, converting the processed terrain curved surface into a vsp3d file supported by 3ds Max by exporting to a 3ds Max tool, establishing a tunnel and a bridge culvert model according to an engineering design drawing in the 3ds Max, and respectively solving a difference set of the terrain model and the tunnel and bridge culvert model through Boolean operation to complete the modeling of the actual engineering terrain.
5. The method for constructing the three-dimensional road terrain scene model according to claim 4, characterized in that in step 3), the original terrain data of the whole area is divided into blocks according to the road alignment, the divided terrain models of the small blocks are respectively established, and then the terrain models of the small blocks are collected into the high-precision original terrain curved surface.
6. The method for constructing the three-dimensional terrain scene model of the road according to claim 1, wherein the checking and the registration of the terrain data and the engineering design drawing along the road obtained in the step 2) are performed, and then vectorization processing is performed.
7. The method for constructing the road three-dimensional terrain scene model according to claim 1, wherein the geometric correction process of the remote sensing image map in the step 2) is as follows:
the remote sensing image is guided into GIS software to carry out coordinate conversion in a projection transformation mode, and the coordinates of all geographic elements in the platform are ensured to be uniform; and further selecting common points in the remote sensing image and the topographic map as control points, and adopting a geographic registration tool to register the remote sensing image, so as to ensure that the control points are uniformly distributed on the image.
8. The method for constructing the three-dimensional road terrain scene model according to claim 1, wherein the channel for acquiring the technical data in the step 1) comprises related departments and map downloading software.
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| CN111914329A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-10 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Method for automatically fusing roadbed BIM model and three-dimensional terrain |
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